Association between humoral serological markers levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the primary COVID-19 vaccine course among ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort participants - CRLC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque
Journal Articles BMC Infectious Diseases Year : 2024

Association between humoral serological markers levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the primary COVID-19 vaccine course among ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort participants

1 BPH - Bordeaux population health
2 CHU Nîmes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes
3 F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC)
4 UM - Université de Montpellier
5 INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
6 AMU - Aix Marseille Université
7 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
8 SU - Sorbonne Université
9 Département cancer environnement (Centre Léon Bérard - Lyon)
10 CHU Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes = Nantes University Hospital
11 Centre d’Investigation Clinique Plurithématique (CIC - P) - CIC Strasbourg
12 IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM - Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier
13 CIC - Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes]
14 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes [CHU Rennes] = Rennes University Hospital [Pontchaillou]
15 Hôpital Henri Mondor
16 Service de Rhumatologie [CHU de Montpellier]
17 CIMI - Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses
18 THERAVIR - Stratégies thérapeutiques contre l'infection VIH et les maladies virales associées [iPLesp]
19 Service de médecine interne et centre de référence des maladies rares [CHU Cochin]
20 Brain Tech Lab - BrainTech Laboratory [CHU Grenoble Alpes - Inserm U1205]
21 Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux]
22 UPCité - Université Paris Cité
23 AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]
24 INSERM SC10 – US19 - INSERM SC10 – US19 Essais thérapeutiques et maladies infectieuses
25 ANRS - MIE - ANRS - Maladies infectieuses émergentes
26 Service Immunologie Biologique [Paris]
27 Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP]
28 SISTM - Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine
29 CHU Bordeaux - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux
30 CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations
31 UVE - Unité des Virus Emergents
32 CIC 1417 - CIC Cochin Pasteur
33 INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED - Team MORPH3EUS
Mathieu Chalouni
Edouard Lhomme
Jérome de Seze

Abstract

BACKGROUND : We assessed the prognostic value of serological humoral markers measured one month after the last dose of the primary COVID-19 vaccine course for predicting the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 infection over the following six months in specific populations. METHODS : ANRS0001SCOV-POPART is a French nationwide multicenter prospective observational cohort study assessing the immune response to Covid-19 vaccines routinely administered to 11 subgroups of patients with chronic disease and a control group. Participants from the ANRS0001S COV-POPART were included if they received at least two doses of Covid-19 vaccine for the primary vaccine course, had measurements of anti-Spike, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG-specific or neutralizing antibodies one month after the end of the primary vaccine course, without being infected by SARS-CoV-2 before the measurement. SARS-CoV-2 infections defined by a positive PCR/antigenic test or seroconversion to detectable anti nucleocapsid antibodies were evaluated until the first COVID-19 booster injection. Cox proportional hazards models taking into account interval-censored data were implemented to estimate the association between each antibody level and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Predictive performances were evaluated by the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS : Two thousand five hundred seventy adults from a specific population and 1,123 from the control group were included. The cumulative probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infections at five months after serological measurement were 6.0% 95% confidence interval: [5.0; 7.9] and 10.1% 95% confidence interval: [8.3; 11.9], respectively. Higher levels of anti-Spike IgG antibody were associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the control group, but not in the specific populations. Among the specific populations, AUROC were 74.5%, 74.9%, and 72.4% for anti-Spike IgG, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. AUROC were superior in the specific populations, 82.0%, 81.2%, and 81.4% for anti-Spike IgG, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : Vaccine-induced antibody response after the primary course of Covid-19 infection only moderately discriminated between participants developing a SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron wave. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04824651 (first posted: 2021-04-01).
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hal-04724620 , version 1 (08-11-2024)

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Mathieu Chalouni, Paul Loubet, Edouard Lhomme, Laetitia Ninove, Benoit Barrou, et al.. Association between humoral serological markers levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the primary COVID-19 vaccine course among ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort participants. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2024, 24 (1), pp.1049. ⟨10.1186/s12879-024-09861-5⟩. ⟨hal-04724620⟩
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