Due to their novel and enhanced properties compared to bulk materials, nanoparticles exhibit extremely promising applications in a wide range of disciplines including molecular engineering, medicine, pharmaceutical drug manufacture, biotechnology, biology, chemistry, polymer science, physics, optical components, energy and environmental sciences. For more than 20 years nanotechnology has been more than just a concept and is thought to hold the key to many real-world problems, in the most part due to their bottom-up construction and manipulation of the very tiny. Many nanoparticles/nanomaterials can now be produced easily and at low cost, and their assembly has led to the start of their mass commercialization, for example, for drug delivery purposes, for packaging, for clothing, and for communication and electronic devices.