Understanding how persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are released from adipose tissue (AT) to blood is a critical step in proposing rearing strategies hastening the removal of POPs from contaminated livestock. The current study aimed to determine in nonlactating ewes whether polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlordecone are released from AT to blood along with lipids during body fat mobilization achieved through beta-agonist challenges or undernutrition. beta-Agonist challenges did not affect serum POP concentrations, whereas serum PCBs 138, 153, and 180 were readily increased in response to undernutrition. After 21 days of depuration in undernutrition, AT PCB 153 and 180 concentrations were increased concomitantly with a decrease in adipocyte volume, whereas AT chlordecone concentration was not different from that observed at the end of the well-fed contamination period. Thus, undernutrition may be of practical relevance for accelerating POP depuration unless it is combined with a strategy increasing their excretion pool.