To address security issues and quality, blood transfusion centres (BTCs) were led to implement a traceability system. This approach not only helps to protect sensitive and confidential data, but also to trace exhaustively blood products throughout the transfusion chain. In addition, traceability allows organisations to optimize their internal processes and move towards a better integration of the supply chain. However, the design and implementation of a traceability project based on information system (IS) involve strategic and organisational issues that the top management and the project team should anticipate and control to ensure the required performance. The qualitative study of a European BTC contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the managerial variables and internal project performance, and also the impact of IS project on the supply chain.