C. Fletcher, K. Unni, F. Mertens, and B. Czerniak, Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC, Bone cancers. Cancer, vol.75, pp.203-213, 1995.

K. Unni and M. D. Cyi, Dahlin's Bone Tumors: General Aspects And Data on 10,165 Cases, pp.416-420, 2010.

R. Trial, Y. Allain, H. Bertojo, R. Calle, and G. , Chavanne: Traité de radiodiagnostic: Os, pathologie générale, Masson et Cie, pp.635-641, 1969.

J. Mirra, P. Picci, and R. Gold, Bone Tumors: Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Correlations. Lea & Febiger, 1989.

D. Parkin, C. Stiller, and J. Nectoux, International variations in the incidence of childhood bone tumours, International Journal of Cancer, vol.309, issue.3, pp.371-377, 1993.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1986.245

A. Huvos, Osteogenic sarcoma of bones and soft tissues in older persons. A clinicopathologic analysis of 117 patients older than 60 years, Cancer, vol.2, issue.7, pp.1442-1451, 1986.
DOI : 10.1093/geronj/36.1.93

A. Huvos, Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis, W.B. Saunders Company, p.10, 1991.

A. Raymond, G. Murphy, and D. Rosenthal, Case report 425, Skeletal Radiology, vol.44, issue.4, pp.336-377, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00361479

J. Mirra, N. Kameda, G. Rosen, and J. Eckardt, Primary Osteosarcoma of Toe Phalanx, The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, vol.12, issue.4, pp.300-307, 1988.
DOI : 10.1097/00000478-198804000-00007

K. Okada, L. Wold, J. Beabout, and T. Shives, Osteosarcoma of the hand: A clinicopathologic study of 12 cases, Cancer, vol.12, issue.3, pp.719-744, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-71834-2_42

C. Arndt, P. Rose, A. Folpe, and N. Laack, Common Musculoskeletal Tumors of Childhood and Adolescence, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol.87, issue.5, pp.475-87, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.015

B. Widhe and T. Widhe, Initial symptoms and clinical features in osteosarcoma and

M. Campanacci, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: Clinical Features, Imaging, Pathology and Treatment, p.16, 1275.

J. Gauzy, Les tumeurs malignes de l'enfant: tumeurs osseuses malignes, tumeurs des tissus mous malignes et agressives. Sauramps médical, 2004.

M. Hansen, M. Nellissery, P. Bhatia, M. Wick, G. Siegal et al., Common mechanisms of osteosarcoma and Paget's disease Sarcomas of bone complicating osteitis deformans (Paget's disease): fifty years' experience, J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. Am J Surg Pathol, vol.145, issue.18, pp.39-4447, 1981.

M. Tucker, D. Angio, G. Boice, J. Strong, L. Li et al., Bone sarcomas linked to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children Evidence for a novel osteosarcoma tumor-suppressor gene in the chromosome 18 region genetically linked with Paget disease of bone, N Engl J Med. Am J Hum Genet, vol.31763, issue.20, pp.588-93817, 1987.

W. Brien, E. Salvati, J. Healey, M. Bansal, B. Ghelman et al., Osteogenic sarcoma arising in the area of a total hip replacement. A case report., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.72, issue.7, pp.1097-1106, 1990.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-199072070-00023

M. Hansen, W. Cavenee, R. Kleinerman, S. Schonfeld, M. Tucker et al., Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma: the prototypic cancer family Sarcomas in hereditary retinoblastoma Li-Fraumeni syndrome in pediatric patients with soft tissue sarcoma or osteosarcoma, Acta Paediatr Jpn Overseas Ed. Clin Sarcoma Res. Arch Med Res, vol.29228, pp.526-559, 1987.

B. Fuchs and D. Pritchard, Etiology of Osteosarcoma, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.397, pp.40-52, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-200204000-00007

M. Panuel, J. Gentet, C. Scheiner, J. Jouve, G. Bollini et al., Physeal and epiphyseal extent of primary malignant bone tumors in childhood, Pediatric Radiology, vol.185, issue.6, pp.421-425, 1993.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.185.2.1410378

D. Vanel, C. Coffre, and D. Couanet, Limites et erreurs dans l'interpretation de l'imagerie par resonnance magnétique dans les tumeurs primitives des os et des parties molles, Rev Im Med, vol.2, pp.89-93, 1990.

W. Zimmer, T. Berquist, R. Mcleod, F. Sim, D. Pritchard et al., Bone tumors: magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography., Radiology, vol.155, issue.3, pp.709-727, 1985.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001374

E. Onikul, B. Fletcher, D. Parham, and G. Chen, Accuracy of MR imaging for estimating intraosseous extent of osteosarcoma., American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.167, issue.5, pp.1211-1216, 1996.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.167.5.8911182

J. Biegel, R. Womer, and B. Emanuel, Complex karyotypes in a series of pediatric osteosarcomas, Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, vol.38, issue.1, pp.89-100, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-4608(89)90169-6

J. Bridge, M. Nelson, E. Mccomb, M. Mcguire, H. Rosenthal et al., Cytogenetic findings in 73 osteosarcoma specimens and a review of the literature, Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, vol.95, issue.1, pp.74-87, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-4608(96)00306-8

J. Fletcher, M. Gebhardt, and H. Kozakewich, Cytogenetic aberrations in osteosarcomas, Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, vol.77, issue.1, pp.81-89, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90154-6

W. Hoogerwerf, A. Hawkins, E. Perlman, and C. Griffin, Chromosome analysis of nine osteosarcomas, Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, vol.48, issue.2, pp.88-92, 1994.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198806163182403

M. Tarkkanen, A. Kaipainen, E. Karaharju, T. Böhling, J. Szymanska et al., Cytogenetic study of 249 consecutive patients examined for a bone tumor Age and dose of chemotherapy as major prognostic factors in a trial of adjuvant therapy of osteosarcoma combining two alternating drug combinations and early prophylactic lung irradiation. French Bone Tumor Study Group, Cytogenetic findings in 33 osteosarcomas, pp.44-50, 1988.

J. Björnsson, C. Inwards, L. Wold, F. Sim, and W. Taylor, Prognostic significance of spontaneous tumour necrosis in osteosarcoma, Virchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, vol.263, issue.Suppl, pp.195-204, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01614770

L. Broström, H. Strander, and U. Nilsonne, Survival in osteosarcoma in relation to tumor size and location, Clin Orthop, vol.167, pp.250-254, 1982.

D. Dahlin and M. Coventry, Osteogenic sarcoma. A study of six hundred cases

J. Davis, A. Bell, R. Goodwin, and P. , Prognostic factors in osteosarcoma: a critical review., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.101-111, 1967.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.423

R. Marcove, V. Miké, J. Hajek, A. Levin, and R. Hutter, Osteogenic Sarcoma under the Age of Twenty-one, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.52, issue.3, pp.411-434, 1970.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197052030-00001

G. Rab, J. Ivins, D. Childs, R. Cupps, and D. Pritchard, Elective whole lung irradiation in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma, Cancer, vol.28, issue.2, pp.939-981, 1976.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1973.181

M. Simon, M. Aschliman, N. Thomas, and H. Mankin, Limb-salvage treatment versus amputation for osteosarcoma of the distal end of the femur., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.68, issue.9, pp.1331-1338, 1986.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-198668090-00005

W. Taylor, J. Ivins, D. Dahlin, J. Edmonson, and D. Pritchard, Trends and variability in survival from osteosarcoma, Mayo Clin Proc, vol.53, pp.695-700, 1978.

S. Bielack, G. Jundt, and E. Steliarova-foucher, Descriptive epidemiology of sarcomas in Europe: report from the RARECARE project Bone tumours in European children and adolescents, 1978-1997. Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project, Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl, vol.4942, pp.684-952124, 1990.

G. Bacci, P. Picci, S. Ferrari, P. Ruggieri, R. Casadei et al., Primary chemotherapy and delayed surgery for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities. Results in 164 patients preoperatively treated with high doses of methotrexate followed by cisplatin and doxorubicin, Cancer, vol.3, issue.11, pp.3227-3265, 1993.
DOI : 10.1080/1120009X.1992.11739163

S. Patel and R. Benjamin, Ifosfamide in sarcomas: is it a schedule-dependent drug? Cancer Invest, pp.290-291, 1996.

H. Carlioz, surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors in children

J. Ewing, Classics in oncology Diffuse endothelioma of bone

K. Eggli, T. Quiogue, and R. Moser, Ewing's sarcoma, Radiol Clin North Am, vol.31, pp.325-362, 1993.

A. Unii, K. Pritchard, D. Cooper, K. Dahlin, D. Aurias et al., A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing's sarcoma of bone, Translocation involving chromosome 22 in Ewing's sarcoma. A cytogenetic study of four fresh tumors, pp.69-78, 1980.

C. Turc-carel, I. Philip, M. Berger, T. Philip, and G. Lenoir, Chromosomal translocation (11; 22) in cell lines of Ewing's sarcoma], Cancer Genet Cytogenet Comptes Rendus Séances Académie Sci Sér III Sci Vie, vol.12296, issue.68, pp.21-51101, 1983.

O. Delattre, J. Zucman, B. Plougastel, C. Desmaze, T. Melot et al., Gene fusion with an ETS DNA-binding domain caused by chromosome translocation in human tumours, Nature, vol.359, issue.6391, pp.162-167, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/359162a0

W. May, M. Gishizky, S. Lessnick, L. Lunsford, B. Lewis et al., Ewing sarcoma 11;22 translocation produces a chimeric transcription factor that requires the DNA-binding domain encoded by FLI1 for transformation., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.90, issue.12, pp.5752-5758, 1993.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.90.12.5752

M. Giovannini, J. Biegel, M. Serra, J. Wang, Y. Wei et al., EWS-erg and EWS-Fli1 fusion transcripts in Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors with variant translocations., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.94, issue.2, pp.489-96, 1994.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI117360

J. Downing, D. Head, D. Parham, E. Douglass, M. Hulshof et al., Molecular assays for chromosomal translocations in the diagnosis of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas Detection of the (11;22)(q24;q12) translocation of Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, JAMA. Am J Pathol, vol.27143, pp.553-560, 1993.

S. Kumar, S. Pack, D. Kumar, R. Walker, M. Quezado et al., Detection of EWS-FLI-1 fusion in Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor by fluorescence in situ hybridization using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, Human Pathology, vol.30, issue.3, pp.324-354, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90012-6

M. Ladanyi and J. Bridge, Contribution of molecular genetic data to the classification of sarcomas, Human Pathology, vol.31, issue.5, pp.532-540, 2000.
DOI : 10.1053/hp.2000.6706

M. Peter, E. Gilbert, and O. Delattre, A Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Gene Fusions Observed in Solid Tumors, Laboratory Investigation, vol.12, issue.6, pp.905-917, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/ng0893-341

A. Zoubek, R. Ladenstein, R. Windhager, G. Amann, G. Fischmeister et al., Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor Predictive potential of testing for bone marrow involvement in Ewing tumor patients by RT-PCR: a preliminary evaluation, J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. Int J Cancer J Int Cancer, vol.1579, issue.86, pp.583-591, 1997.

J. Dubousset, No benefit of ifosfamide in Ewing's sarcoma: a nonrandomized study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Plain radiographic predictors of survival in treated Ewing's sarcoma. IESS Committee, J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. Skeletal Radiol, vol.1021, issue.87, pp.1407-12287, 1992.

G. Rosen, Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: a ten year experience, Orthopedics, vol.8, pp.659-64, 1985.

D. Allison, S. Carney, E. Ahlmann, A. Hendifar, S. Chawla et al., A Meta-Analysis of Osteosarcoma Outcomes in the Modern Medical Era, Sarcoma, vol.12, issue.2
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.423

W. Enneking, W. Dunham, M. Gebhardt, M. Malawar, D. Pritchard et al., A system for the classification of skeletal resections Reconstructions of the shoulder following tumour resection Limb salvage for neoplasms of the shoulder girdle. Intermediate reconstructive and functional results, J Bone Joint Surg Br. Chir Organi Mov. J Orthop Surg Hong Kong. J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol.84751578, pp.1004-1012, 1990.

P. Rose, A. Shin, A. Bishop, S. Moran, and F. Sim, Vascularized free fibula BIBLIOGRAPHIE -128- transfer for oncologic reconstruction of the humerus, Clin Orthop, vol.438, pp.80-84, 2005.

D. Kumar, R. Grimer, A. Abudu, S. Carter, and R. Tillman, Endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal humerus. Long-term results, J Bone Joint Surg Br, vol.85, pp.717-739, 2003.

T. Wada, M. Usui, K. Isu, S. Yamawakii, and S. Ishii, Reconstruction and limb salvage after resection for malignant bone tumour of the proximal humerus, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol.81, issue.5, pp.808-821, 1999.
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.81B5.9430

W. Winkelmann, Clavicula pro humero--a new surgical method for malignant tumors of the proximal humerus]. Z Für Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, pp.197-201, 1992.

M. Sulamaa, Upper Extremity Phocomelia, Clinical Pediatrics, vol.32, issue.5, pp.251-258, 1963.
DOI : 10.1055/s-0028-1111856

S. Arthrodesis, European Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2014.

J. Charnley and J. Houston, COMPRESSION ARTHRODESIS OF THE SHOULDER, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume, vol.46, issue.4
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.46B4.614

M. Malawer, I. Meller, and W. Dunham, A new surgical classification system for shoulder-girdle resections. Analysis of 38 patients, Clin Orthop, vol.267, pp.33-44, 1991.

W. Enneking, W. Dunham, M. Gebhardt, M. Malawar, and D. Pritchard, A System for the Functional Evaluation of Reconstructive Procedures After Surgical Treatment of Tumors of the Musculoskeletal System, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.286, pp.241-247, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-199301000-00035

M. Van-de-sande, P. Dijkstra, and A. Taminiau, Proximal humerus reconstruction after tumour resection: biological versus endoprosthetic reconstruction, International Orthopaedics, vol.468, issue.9, pp.1375-80, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11999-010-1418-1

P. Raiss, S. Kinkel, U. Sauter, T. Bruckner, and B. Lehner, Replacement of the proximal humerus with MUTARS tumor endoprostheses, European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), vol.36, issue.4, pp.371-378, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.11.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00576169

A. Abdeen and J. Healey, Allograft-Prosthesis Composite Reconstruction of the Proximal Part of the Humerus, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.92, issue.Suppl 1, pp.188-96, 2010.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.J.00167

D. Wilde, L. Sys, G. Julien, Y. , V. Ovost et al., The reversed Delta shoulder prosthesis in reconstruction of the proximal humerus after tumour resection, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.69, pp.495-500, 2003.

A. Black, R. Szabo, and R. Titelman, Twenty nine shoulder reconstructions after resection of the proximal humerus for neoplasm with mean 7-year follow-up]. Rev Chir Orthopédique Réparatrice Appar Mot Treatment of malignant tumors of the proximal humerus with allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction, J Shoulder Elb Surg Am Shoulder Elb Surg Al, vol.9116, issue.110, pp.15-23525, 2005.

D. Wilde, L. , V. Ovost, E. Uyttendaele, D. Verdonk et al., Results of an inverted shoulder prosthesis after resection for tumor of the proximal humerus], Rev Chir Orthopédique Réparatrice Appar Mot, vol.88, pp.373-381, 2002.

D. Wilde, L. Plasschaert, F. Audenaert, E. Verdonk, and R. , Functional Recovery after a Reverse Prosthesis for Reconstruction of the Proximal Humerus in Tumor Surgery, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.430, pp.156-62, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.blo.0000146741.83183.18

M. Rittmeister and F. Kerschbaumer, Grammont reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and nonreconstructible rotator cuff lesions, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, vol.10, issue.1, pp.17-22, 2001.
DOI : 10.1067/mse.2001.110515

S. Onoda, M. Sakuraba, T. Asano, S. Miyamoto, Y. Beppu et al., Use of Vascularized Free Fibular Head Grafts for Upper Limb Oncologic Reconstruction, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol.127, issue.3, pp.1244-53, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318205f34b

F. Medrykowski, S. Barbary, N. Gibert, P. Lascombes, and G. Dautel, Vascularized proximal fibular epiphyseal transfer: Two cases, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, vol.98, issue.6, pp.728-760, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otsr.2012.05.009

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2012.05.009

V. Kumar, S. Satku, A. Mitra, and R. Pho, Function following limb salvage for primary tumors of the shoulder girdle: 10 patients followed 4 (1-11) years, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, vol.61, issue.3, pp.55-61, 1994.
DOI : 10.3109/17453678508993004

Y. Gao, L. Ketch, F. Eladoumikdachi, and D. Netscher, Upper Limb Salvage With Microvascular Bone Transfer for Major Long-Bone Segmental Tumor Resections, Annals of Plastic Surgery, vol.47, issue.3, pp.240-246, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000637-200109000-00004

S. Amin and W. Ebeid, Shoulder Reconstruction After Tumor Resection by Pedicled Scapular Crest Graft, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.397, pp.133-175, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-200204000-00019

G. Padiolleau, J. Marchand, G. Odri, A. Hamel, and F. Gouin, Arthrod??se scapulo-hum??rale par greffe p??dicul??e au moyen du pilier de la scapula dans les r??sections de l???hum??rus proximal, Revue de Chirurgie Orthop??dique et Traumatologique, vol.100, issue.2, pp.147-52, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rcot.2014.01.001

S. Tsukushi, Y. Nishida, M. Takahashi, and N. Ishiguro, Clavicula Pro Humero Reconstruction after Wide Resection of the Proximal Humerus, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.447, pp.132-139, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.blo.0000201169.80011.ff

G. Calvert, J. Wright, J. Agarwal, K. Jones, and R. Randall, Is Claviculo Pro Humeri of Value for Limb Salvage of Pediatric Proximal Humerus Sarcomas?, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research??, vol.473, issue.3, pp.877-82, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s11999-014-3814-4

R. Fabroni, A. Castagno, A. Aguilera, A. Steverlynck, and J. Zeballos, Longterm results of limb salvage with the Fabroni custom made endoprosthesis, Clin Orthop, vol.358, pp.41-52, 1999.

J. Vidal, G. Nakach, P. Rabischong, J. Micalles, and P. Virenque, Scapulohumeral arthrodesis by combined external and internal fixation. A biomechanical, technical and clinical study], Rev Chir Orthopédique Réparatrice Appar Mot, vol.73, pp.171-178, 1987.

F. Duparc, A. Tobens, F. Dujardin, and J. Thomine, Étude biomécanique de la résistance de montages d'arthrodèse scapulo-humérale par plaque ou par fixateur externe

L. Arthrodèses-de-l-'épaule, D. Gazielly, and D. Goutallier, Sauramps médical. Montpellier, pp.11-20, 1997.

R. Cofield and B. Briggs, Glenohumeral arthrodesis. Operative and long-term functional results., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.61, issue.5, pp.668-77, 1979.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197961050-00005

P. Raunio, The role of non-prosthetic surgery in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by fusions and auto-arthroplasties. Current practice at the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Ann Chir Gynaecol, vol.198, pp.96-102, 1985.

R. Richards, J. Waddell, and A. Hudson, Shoulder Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Brachial Plexus Palsy, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.198, pp.250-258, 1985.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198509000-00037

E. Rouholamin, J. Wootton, and A. Jamieson, Arthrodesis of the shoulder following brachial plexus injury, Injury, vol.22, issue.4, pp.271-275, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-1383(91)90004-X

D. Stark, J. Bennett, and H. Tullos, Rigid internal fixation for shoulder BIBLIOGRAPHIE -131- arthrodesis, Orthopedics, vol.14, pp.849-55, 1991.

G. Groh, G. Williams, R. Jarman, and C. Rockwood, Treatment of Complications of Shoulder Arthrodesis, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.79, issue.6, pp.881-888, 1997.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-199706000-00012

C. Johnson, W. Healy, A. Brooker, and K. Krackow, External Fixation Shoulder Arthrodesis, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.211, pp.219-242, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198610000-00028

C. Rowe, Arthrodesis of the Shoulder Used in Treating Painful Conditions, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.173, pp.92-98, 1983.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198303000-00012

C. Rowe, Re-Evaluation of the Position of the Arm in Arthrodesis of the Shoulder in the Adult, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.56, issue.5, pp.913-935, 1974.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197456050-00004

J. Barr, J. Freiberg, P. Colonna, and P. Pembreton, A Survey of End Results on Stabilization of the Paralytic Shoulder, J Bone Jt Surg Am, vol.24, pp.699-707, 1942.

M. Vastamäki, Shoulder arthrodesis for paralysis and arthrosis, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, vol.54, issue.4, pp.549-53, 1987.
DOI : 10.3109/17453678308992895

V. Inman, J. Saunders, M. Abbott, and L. , Observations of the Function of the Shoulder Joint, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.330, pp.1-30, 1944.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-199609000-00002

M. Macconaill, . Reconstruction, . De-l-'extremite-proximale-de-l-'humerus, . Apres, and . Large-de-tumeur-maligne-chez-l-'enfant, The significance of shape Clavicula Pro Humero versus Arthrodèse: étude multicentrique à propos de 19 cas RESUME : Les reconstructions de l'épaule chez l'enfant nécessitent des montages stables et pérennes et tels que les reconstructions biologiques: arthrodèses et retournement claviculaire (CPH) Nous proposons de comparer les résultats fonctionnels et complications de ces 2 techniques. Sept CPH et 12 arthrodèses après résection de sarcome de l'extrémité proximale de l'humérus chez des enfants de 8 à 19ans ont été inclus. Le matériel d'interposition utilisé était une autogreffe fibulaire vascularisée, CPH=6, Arthrodèse=10) ou une membrane induite (CPH=1, Arthrodèse=2). L'immobilisation post-opératoire était de 3 semaines dans le groupe «CPH» (coude au corps ou écharpe simple) et 3 mois dans le groupe «Arthrodèse» (plâtre en abduction). Les amplitudes actives et les scores fonctionnels (MSTS et TESS) étaient recueillis aux derniers reculs (CPH=2,6ans, pp.290-297, 1953.