153 6.1. Groupe bénéficiant d'une rééducation classique de la marche, Groupe Témoin «, p.153 ,
Histoire de l?????lectrostimulation en m??decine et en r????ducation, Annales de R??adaptation et de M??decine Physique, vol.51, issue.6, pp.427-431, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.annrmp.2008.04.004
Neurostimulation électrique transcutanée antalgique et excitomotrice, 1991. ,
FUNCTIONAL ELECTROTHERAPY, ASAIO Journal, vol.8, issue.1, pp.42-101, 1961. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00002480-196204000-00075
Stimulation électrique fonctionnelle et kinésithérapie du pied varus équin spastique, Ann Kinesith, vol.5, pp.427-436, 1978. ,
M??thodologie de la stimulation ??lectrique fonctionnelle, Annales de R??adaptation et de M??decine Physique, vol.40, issue.1, pp.43-51, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-6054(97)85885-0
Pratique de l'électrothérapie : électrophysiothérapie pratique aplliquée à la médecine physique et à la masso-kinésithérapie, 1997. ,
Electrothérapie et physiothérapie : applications en rééducation et réadaptation, 2012. ,
Excitatory amino acids, central nervous system neurotransmitters. Therapie, pp.281-286, 1990. ,
Rapid Plasticity of Human Cortical Movement Representation Induced by Practice, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.59, issue.2, pp.1117-1140, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1996.0001
Motor skill training induces changes in the excitability of the leg cortical area in healthy humans, Experimental Brain Research, vol.496, issue.2, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020704
Changes in spinal but not cortical excitability following combined electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve and voluntary plantar-flexion, Experimental Brain Research, vol.124, issue.19 ,
DOI : 10.1093/brain/124.6.1171
Short-term effects of functional electrical stimulation on motor-evoked potentials in ankle flexor and extensor muscles, Experimental Brain Research, vol.124, issue.4, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021734
Does functional electrical stimulation for foot drop strenghten corticospinal connections ? Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 2010. ,
Peripheral Electrical Stimulation Triggered by Self-Paced Detection of Motor Intention Enhances Motor Evoked Potentials, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.20, issue.4, pp.595-604 ,
DOI : 10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2194309
Functional Electrical Therapy for Hemiparesis Alleviates Disability and Enhances Neuroplasticity, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.225, issue.1, pp.71-77, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1620/tjem.225.71
Cortical excitability changes following grasping exercise augmented with electrical stimulation, Experimental Brain Research, vol.13, issue.6, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.53.7.1458
Induction of persistent changes in the organisation of the human motor cortex, Experimental Brain Research, vol.143, issue.3, pp.342-351, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-001-0995-3
Effect of finger tracking combined with electrical stimulation on brain reorganization and hand function in subjects with stroke, Experimental Brain Research, vol.24, issue.1???2, pp.435-482, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000078809.33581.1F
Disordered muscle tone and movement, Clin Exp Neurol, vol.18, pp.27-35, 1981. ,
Rehabilitation techniques to maximize spasticity management Top Stroke Rehabil, pp.203-214, 2011. ,
Rehabilitation procedures in the management of spasticity, Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, vol.46, issue.3, pp.423-461, 2010. ,
Physiotherapy for spasticity, Neurochirurgie, vol.49, issue.2 2, pp.239-285, 2003. ,
La stimulatin électrique neuromotrice dans le traitement de la spasticité, Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique, vol.36, issue.5, pp.329-336, 1993. ,
Spasticity in spinal cord injured patients : 2. Initial mesures and long-term effects of surface electrical stimulation. Arch Pys Med Rehabil, 1988. ,
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other focal intramuscular treatment for poststroke spasticity, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013. ,
Combined Bracing, Electrical Stimulation, and Functional Practice for Chronic, Upper-Extremity Spasticity, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol.64, issue.5, pp.720-726, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.5014/ajot.2010.08137
HYBRID FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ORTHOSIS SYSTEM FOR THE UPPER LIMB, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.77, issue.4, pp.276-81, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00002060-199807000-00002
Cycling exercise with functional electrical stimulation improves postural control in stroke patients. Gait Posture, pp.506-516, 2012. ,
Evaluation of functional electrical stimulation-assisted leg-propelled wheelchair in hemiplegic patients, Clinical Biomechanics, vol.23, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.05.004
A randomized controlled trial of surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied early after acute stroke: effects on wrist pain, spasticity and contractures, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.8, issue.9, pp.579-90 ,
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ps.28.020177.000353
The efficacy of electrical stimulation in reducing the post-stroke spasticity: a randomized controlled study, Disability and Rehabilitation, vol.28, issue.2, pp.151-157, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.10.015
Does electrical stimulation reduce spasticity after stroke? A randomized controlled study, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.43, issue.5, pp.418-443, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199903)22:3<341::AID-MUS6>3.0.CO;2-R
Effects of Combining Electric Stimulation With Active Ankle Dorsiflexion While Standing on a Rocker Board: A Pilot Study for Subjects With Spastic Foot After Stroke, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.91, issue.4, pp.505-517, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.11.022
A Rationale for Rehabilitation Procedures Based on the Peripheral Motor System, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.1, issue.63, pp.7-13, 1969. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-196903000-00002
Functional electrical stimulation cycling has no clear effect on urine output, lower limb swelling, and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a randomised cross-over trial, Journal of Physiotherapy, vol.59, issue.4, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70200-5
Effects of functional electrical stimulation training for six months on body composition and spasticity in motor complete tetraplegic spinal cord-injured individuals, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.34, issue.1, pp.25-32, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1080/165019702317242677
Lower extremity functional electrical stimulation cycling promotes physical and functional recovery in chronic spinal cord injury, The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, vol.2010, issue.2, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1002/jnr.22717
Monitoring of spasticity and functional ability in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury with a functional electrical stimulation cycling system, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.44, issue.5, pp.444-453 ,
DOI : 10.2340/16501977-0979
Changes in spastic muscle tone increase in patients with spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation and passive leg movements, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.29, issue.7, pp.627-661, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1682/JRRD.2003.09.0443
The role of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury - observed benefits during gait studies, Spinal Cord, vol.367, issue.4, pp.207-222, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130071020
Comparision of electric stimulation methods for reduction of triceps surae spasticity in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Me Rehabil, Feb, vol.87, issue.2, pp.222-230, 2006. ,
Use of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with incoplete spinal cord injuries, J Biomed Eng, 1989. ,
Spasticity in spinal cord injured patients. 2. Initial mesures and long-term effects of surface electrical stimulation, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.69, pp.862-868, 1988. ,
The effects of neuromuscular stimulation on muscle tone at the knee in paraplegia, Experimental Physiology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.357-367, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1113/expphysiol.1991.sp003503
Non pharmacological interventions for spasticity in multiple sclerosis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, issue.2, 2013. ,
Functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling of patients with multiple sclerosis : biomechanical and functional outcome ? a pilot study, Rehabil Med, vol.41, issue.8, pp.674-80, 2009. ,
Glenohumeral subluxation in hemiplegia: An overview, The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol.42, issue.4, pp.557-68, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1682/JRRD.2004.08.0112
The shoulder in hemiplegia Physical therapy of the shoulder, New-York, vol.3, pp.205-232, 1997. ,
Validity of Clinical Measures of Shoulder Subluxation in Adults With Poststroke Hemiplegia, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol.49, issue.6, pp.526-559, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.5014/ajot.49.6.526
Clinical measures of shoulder subluxation : their reliability, Can J Public Health, vol.83, pp.24-28, 1992. ,
Evaluation and treatment of shoulder subluxation in hemiplegia. Relashionship between subluxation and pain, Am J Phys Med Rehabil, vol.68, pp.786-90, 1987. ,
Hemiplegic shoulder pain : defining the problem and its management, Disabil Rehabil Nov, vol.1023, issue.16, pp.698-705, 2001. ,
Shoulder pain in hemiplegia : stastistical relashionship with five variables, Am J Occup Ther, vol.67, pp.514-516, 1986. ,
Review articles : Shoulder pain in hemiplegia: a literature review, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.82, issue.1, pp.35-44, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1093/ptj/66.12.1930
Hemiplegic shoulder pain : early prevention and rehabilitation, Physical Medecine and Rehabilitation, vol.162, pp.151-152, 1995. ,
Shoulder pain in acutely admitted hemiplegics, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.18, issue.4, pp.334-374, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00004356-198003000-00004
Malalignment of the gleno-humeral joint following hemiplegia. A review of 500 cases, Ann Phys Med, vol.8, pp.96-105, 1965. ,
Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP): Natural history and investigation of associated features, Disability and Rehabilitation, vol.71, issue.10, pp.497-501, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.14.5.736
Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post-stroke shoulder pain, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol.50, issue.3, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.5014/ajot.50.3.194
Evidence for Therapeutic Interventions for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain During the Chronic Stage of Stroke: A Review, Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, vol.117, issue.9, pp.514-536, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1185/03007990903028203
Interventions for hemiplegic shoulder pain: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials, Disability and Rehabilitation, vol.26, issue.4, pp.282-91, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1080/09593980701523802
Intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation for poststroke shoulder pain: A multicenter randomized clinical trial 11A commercial party with a direct financial interests in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the author or 1 or more of the authors. NeuroControl Corp, Valley View, OH, intends to commercialize the device evaluated in this article and has submitted a premarket 510(K)application, which is currently pending US Food and Drug Administration review. Chae and Feldstein are consultants to NeuroControl. Walker was an employee of NeuroControl, and is now a consultant to NeuroControl. Fang is an employee of NeuroControl. During this study, Yu served as a consultant to NeuroControl and Grill was an employee of NeuroControl, but neither now has an affiliation with NeuroControl., Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.85, issue.5, pp.695-704, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.07.015
Treating Patients with Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.81, issue.2, pp.150-60, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00002060-200202000-00013
SHOULDER PAIN IN HEMIPLEGIA REVISITED: CONTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND OTHER THERAPIES, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.35, issue.2, pp.49-54, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1080/16501970306111
The effects of functional electrical stimulation on shoulder subluxation, arm function recovery, and shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke patients, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.75, issue.1, pp.73-82, 1994. ,
Shoulder pain and dysfunction in hemiplegia: Effects of functional electrical stimulation, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.80, issue.3, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90146-6
Functional Electrical Stimulation on Chronic and Acute Hemiplegic Shoulder Subluxation, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.79, issue.4, pp.385-90, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00002060-200007000-00011
Intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation for poststroke shoulder pain: A multicenter randomized clinical trial 11A commercial party with a direct financial interests in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the author or 1 or more of the authors. NeuroControl Corp, Valley View, OH, intends to commercialize the device evaluated in this article and has submitted a premarket 510(K)application, which is currently pending US Food and Drug Administration review. Chae and Feldstein are consultants to NeuroControl. Walker was an employee of NeuroControl, and is now a consultant to NeuroControl. Fang is an employee of NeuroControl. During this study, Yu served as a consultant to NeuroControl and Grill was an employee of NeuroControl, but neither now has an affiliation with NeuroControl., Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.85, issue.5, pp.695-704, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.07.015
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.84, issue.11, pp.832-874, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.phm.0000184154.01880.72
Percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (P-NMES) for treating shoulder pain in chronic hemiplegia. Effects on shoulder pain and quality of life, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.23, issue.4, pp.359-65, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000015030.59594.B3
Combined arm stretch positioning and neuromuscular electrical stimulation during rehabilitation does not improve range of motion, shoulder pain or function in patients after stroke: a randomised trial, Journal of Physiotherapy, vol.59, issue.4, pp.245-54, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70201-7
Intramuscular electrical stimulation for shoulder pain in hemiplegia : does time from stroke onset predict treatment success ? Neurorehabil Neural Repair, pp.561-568, 2007. ,
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in neurorehabilitation. Muscle Nerve, pp.562-90, 2007. ,
Efficacy of electrical stimulation in preventing or reducing subluxation of the shoulder after stroke: A meta-analysis, Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, vol.48, issue.4, pp.257-67, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60165-3
The effect of electrical stimulation in combination with Bobath techniques in the prevention of shoulder subluxation in acute stroke patients, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.155, issue.1, pp.51-60, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD
Prevention of Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke With Electrical Stimulation, Stroke, vol.30, issue.5, pp.963-971, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.30.5.963
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the muscles surronding the shoulder. Phys Ther, pp.1930-1937, 1986. ,
The effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation for the treatment of shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients: A randomized controlled trial, Disability and Rehabilitation, vol.43, issue.7, pp.560-566, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.29.5.975
Effects of functional electric stimulation on shoulder subluxationand upper limb motor function recovery of patients with hemiplegia resulting from stroke, pp.1054-1059, 2005. ,
Effects of electrical stimulation to long head of biceps in reducing gleno-humeral subluxation after stroke. NeuroRehabilitation, pp.245-52, 2014. ,
In : Tetraplegia and Paraplegia A guide for physiotherapists, 2006. ,
Recovery of control of posture and locomotion after a spinal cord injury: solutions staring us in the face, Prog Brain Res, vol.175, pp.393-418, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17526-X
Selection of optimal muscle set for 16-channel standing neuroprosthesis, The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol.45, issue.7, pp.1007-1024, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1682/JRRD.2007.10.0164
Paraplegics standing up using multichannel FES and arm support, Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, vol.26, issue.3, pp.106-116, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1080/03091900210123919
Strategies for Generating Prolonged Functional Standing Using Intramuscular Stimulation or Intraspinal Microstimulation, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.15, issue.2, pp.273-85, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1109/TNSRE.2007.897030
Electronic Physiologic Aids Maimonides Hospital, pp.4-5, 1960. ,
Functional electrical stimulation after spinal cord injury: current use, therapeutic effects and future directions, Spinal Cord, vol.5, issue.4, pp.255-274, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1310/BCVF-HBW7-MYWV-54MG
NMES-assisted standing model from variated seated postures, Biomed Sci Instrum, vol.40, pp.30-35, 2004. ,
Effects of stimulated hip extension moment and position on upper-limb support forces during FNS-induced-standing ? a technical note, J Rehabil Res Dev, vol.38, issue.5, pp.545-55, 2001. ,
Circulatory hypokinesis and functional electric stimulation during standing in persons with spinal cord injury, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.82, issue.11, pp.1587-95, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1053/apmr.2001.25984
Physiologic responses to electically assisted and frame-supported standing in persons with paraplegia, J Spinal Cord Med, 2003. ,
Long-term user perceptions of an implanted neuroprosthesis for exercise, standing, and transfers after spinal cord injury, J Rehabil Res Dev, vol.40, issue.3, pp.241-52, 2003. ,
Standing up with denervated muscles in humans using functional electrical stimulation. Artif Organs, 1999. ,
Stellenwert der funktionellen Elektrostimulation bei Patienten mit Querschnittl??hmung, Der Nervenarzt, vol.69, issue.4, pp.300-305, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s001150050274
Patient-driven control of FES-supported standing up and sitting down: experimental results, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.8, issue.4, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1109/86.895956
Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients, Spinal Cord, vol.4, issue.2, pp.221-251, 1986. ,
DOI : 10.1017/S0140525X00020008
Functional neuromuscular stimulation for standing after spinal cord injury, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1990. ,
Efficacy and stability performance of traditional versus motion sensor-assisted strategies for FES standing, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.42, issue.9, pp.1332-1340, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.003
Implanted stimulators for restoration of function in spinal cord injury, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.19-28, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1350-4533(01)00012-1
The use of selective electrical stimulation of the quadriceps to improve standing function in paraplegia, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.8, issue.4, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1109/86.895955
Paraplegia: Prolonged Closed-Loop Standing with Implanted Nucleus FES-22 Stimulator and Andrews' Foot-Ankle Orthosis, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, vol.69, issue.1-4 ,
DOI : 10.1159/000099889
Preliminary performance of surgically implanted neuroprosthesisfor standing and transfers ? where do we stand ?, J Rehabil Res Dev, vol.38, pp.609-626, 2001. ,
Walking after incomplete spinal cord injury using an implanted FES system: A case report, The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol.44, issue.3, pp.333-379, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1682/JRRD.2007.03.0333
New functional electrical stimulation approaches to standing and walking, Journal of Neural Engineering, vol.4, issue.3, pp.181-97, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/S05
Clinical use of the odstock dropped foot stimulator: Its effect on the speed and effort of walking, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.80, issue.12, pp.1577-83, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90333-7
Orthotics and FES for maintenance of walking in patients with MS. Dis Mon, pp.284-293, 2013. ,
Response of gait deficits to neuromuscular electrical stimulation for stroke survivors, Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol.37, issue.10, pp.1511-1533, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000195129.95220.77
Brain-computer interface controlled functional electrical stimulation device for foot drop due to stroke, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6347462
A self-adaptive foot-drop corrector using functional electrical stimulation (FES) modulated by tibialis anterior electromyography (EMG) dataset, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol.35, issue.2, pp.195-204, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.04.016
The long-term cost-effectiveness of the use of Functional Electrical Stimulation for the correction of dropped foot due to upper motor neuron lesion, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.45, issue.2, pp.154-60, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.2340/16501977-1090
The influence of orthosis stiffness on paraplegic ambulation and its implications for functional electrical stimulation (FES) walking systems, Prosthet Orthot Int, vol.19, issue.2, pp.108-122, 1995. ,
Use of functional electrical stimulation in the lower extremities of incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Artif Organs, 1999. ,
Gait impairements in a group of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury and their relevance regarding therpeutic approches using functional electrical stimulation, Artif Organs, 2005. ,
Effects of Locomotor Training After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.94, issue.11, pp.2297-308, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.023
Functional walking ability of paraplegic patients: comparison of functional electrical stimulation versus mechanical orthoses, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, vol.23, issue.2, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sc.1985.19
A systematic review of the efficacy of gait rehabilitation strategies for spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil, 2007. ,
Walking performance, medical outcomes and patient training in FES of innervated muscles for ambulation by thoracic-level complete paraplegics, Neurological Research, vol.22, issue.2, pp.123-153, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1109/41.836338
Functional electrical stimulation in paraplegic spastic patients. Artif Organs, pp.195-201, 1997. ,
Energy expenditure of walking for adult patients with spinal cord lesions using the reciprocating gait orthosis and functional electrical stimulation, Spinal Cord, vol.69, issue.11, pp.659-65, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sc.1995.136
Functional Electrical Stimulation Control of Standing and Stepping After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Technical Characteristics, Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, vol.508, issue.3, pp.180-90, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_54
Gait Initiation With Electromyographically Triggered Electrical Stimulation in People With Partial Paralysis, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol.26, issue.8, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.sc.3101822
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01062439
Automatic vs hand-controlled walking of paraplegics, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol.25, issue.1, pp.63-73, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1350-4533(02)00188-1
Muscle selection and walking performance of multichannel FES systems for ambulation in paraplegia, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.5, issue.1, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1109/86.559346
Hybrid FES-robot cooperative control of ambulatory gait rehabilitation exoskeleton, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol.11, issue.1, p.27, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1186/1743-0003-11-27
Enhancing stance phase propulsion during level walking by combining fes with a powered exoskeleton for persons with paraplegia, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ,
DOI : 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6345939
The Case Western Reserve University Hybrid Gait Orthosis, The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, vol.23, issue.2, pp.100-108, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1080/10790268.2000.11753516
The RGO Generation II : muscle stimulation powered orthosis as a practical walking system for thoracic paraplegics, Orthopedics, vol.12, issue.10, pp.1309-1324, 1989. ,
Reciprocating gait orthosis powered with electrical muscle stimulation (RGO II). Part I : Performance evaluation of 70 paraplegic patients, Orthopedics, vol.20, issue.4, pp.315-339, 1997. ,
BiosStep-assisted walking in spinal cord-injured patients: an evaluation report, International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, vol.30, issue.3, pp.249-53, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282bdb742
The Vienna functional electrical stimulation system for restoration of walking functions in spastic paraplegia. Artif Organs, pp.224-231, 2002. ,
Physiologic costs of reciprocal gait in FES assisted walking, Spinal Cord, vol.28, issue.10, pp.680-686, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0268-0033(88)90048-4
Effects of FES-Ambulation training on locomotor function and health-related quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil, Winter, vol.20, issue.1, pp.58-69, 2014. ,
Randomized Trial of Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Walking in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Effects on Quality of Life and Community Participation, Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, vol.19, issue.4, pp.245-58 ,
DOI : 10.1310/sci1904-245
Gait training regimen for incomplete spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation, Spinal Cord, vol.85, issue.6, pp.357-61, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.015
Implantable FES system for upright mobility and bladder and bowel function for individuals with spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord, vol.18, issue.12, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1080/10790268.1995.11719375
Place actuelle de la marche appareill??e chez les patients parapl??giques complets de niveau thoracique. ?? propos d'une cohorte de 43 patients, Annales de R??adaptation et de M??decine Physique, vol.48, issue.5, pp.240-247, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.annrmp.2005.03.001
Effects of a simple functional electric system and/or a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on walking in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.85, issue.10, pp.1718-1741, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.015
Functional Electrical Stimulation For Walking In Paraplegia: 17-Year Follow-Up Of 2 Cases, The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, vol.26, issue.1, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1080/10790268.2003.11753666
Improved intralimb coordiantion in people with incomplete spinal cord injury following training with body weight support and electrical stimulation ,
Combined use of body weight support, functional electric stimulation, and treadmill training to improve walking ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.82, issue.6, pp.818-820, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1053/apmr.2001.23752
Functional electrical stimulation-assisted walking for persons with incomplete spinal injuries : longitudinal changes in maximal overground walking speed ,
Clinical experience with functional electrical stimulation-assisted gait with Parastep in spinal cordinjured patients. Spine, Feb, vol.1525, issue.4, pp.501-509, 2000. ,
Multicenter evaluation of electrical stimulation systems for walking, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.80, issue.5, pp.495-500, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90188-0
The use of an advanced reciprocating gait orthosis by paraplegic individuals: a follow-up study, Spinal Cord, vol.35, issue.9, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.sc.3100462
Restoration of gait by functional electrical stimulation for spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia, 1995. ,
Restoration of functinal gait in paraplegic patients with the RGO-II hybrid orthosis. A multicentre controlled study. I. Clinical evaluation, Paraplegia, vol.33, issue.11, pp.647-53, 1995. ,
The role of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury - observed benefits during gait studies, Spinal Cord, vol.367, issue.4, pp.207-222, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130071020
Functional electrical stimulation for walking in paraplegia., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.69, issue.5, pp.728-761, 1987. ,
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-198769050-00014
La r????ducation de l'h??miple??gie vasculaire de l'adulte am??liore-t-elle la marche?, Annales de R??adaptation et de M??decine Physique, vol.40, issue.3, pp.121-151, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-6054(97)89170-2
Recovery of walking function in stroke patients: The copenhagen stroke study, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.76, issue.1, pp.27-32, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80038-7
Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults, JAMA, vol.305, issue.1, pp.50-58, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2010.1923
Functional electrical stimulation applied to gluteus medius and tibialis anterior corresponding gait cycle for stroke. Gait posture, 2012. ,
Response and prediction of improvement in gait speed from functional electrical stimulation in persons with poststroke drop foot, PM R, 2009. ,
Improvement of gait & muscle strength with functional electrical stimulation in sub-acute & chronic stroke patients, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp.2085-2093, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090387
User experiences, preferences and choices relating to functional electrical stimulation and ankle foot orthoses for foot-drop after stroke, Physiotherapy, vol.97, issue.3, pp.226-259, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.physio.2010.11.001
???Functional electrical stimulation (FES) impacted on important aspects of my life??????A qualitative exploration of chronic stroke patients' and carers' perceptions of FES in the management of dropped foot, Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, vol.13, issue.1, pp.1-9 ,
DOI : 10.1191/026921599677086409
The effect of functional electrical stimulation on balance function and balance confidence in community-dwelling individuals with stroke. Physiother Can, Spring, vol.62, issue.2, pp.114-123, 2010. ,
Application of evidence-based practice strategies : current trends in walking recovery interventions poststroke. Top Stroke Rehabil, pp.227-273, 2008. ,
Development of a self-contained accelerometry based system for control of functional electrical stimulation in hemiplegia, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ,
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091390
The Orthotic Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on the Improvement of Walking in Stroke Patients with a Dropped Foot: A Systematic Review, Artificial Organs, vol.77, issue.6, pp.577-86, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.26.6.982
The Effects of Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation Versus Ankle-Foot Orthosis in Patients With Chronic Stroke, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.79, issue.7, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181911246
Foot Drop Stimulation Versus Ankle Foot Orthosis After Stroke: 30-Week Outcomes, Stroke, vol.44, issue.6, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000334
Effect of a Foot-Drop Stimulator and Ankle???Foot Orthosis on Walking Performance After Stroke, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.67, issue.7, pp.579-91, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.physio.2010.11.001
Walking Training with Foot Drop Stimulator Controlled by a Tilt Sensor to Improve Walking Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study in Patients with Stroke in Subacute Phase, Stroke Research and Treatment, vol.10, issue.8, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.01.003
Spatiotemporal, Kinematic, and Kinetic Effects of a Peroneal Nerve Stimulator Versus an Ankle Foot Orthosis in Hemiparetic Gait, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.71, issue.5, pp.403-413 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.09.005
Effect of Peroneal Electrical Stimulation Versus an Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Obstacle Avoidance Ability in People With Stroke-Related Foot Drop, Physical Therapy, vol.82, issue.3, pp.398-406, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1053/apmr.2001.24893
Effects of an implantable two-channel peroneal nerve stimulator versus conventional walking device on spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics of hemiparetic gait, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.44, issue.1, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.2340/16501977-0909
Effects of the addition of functional electrical stimulation to ground level gait training with body weight support after chronic stroke, Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol.15, issue.6, pp.436-480, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1590/S1413-35552011005000030
Is transcutaneous peroneal stimulation beneficial to patients with chronic stroke using an ankle-foot orthosis? A within-subjects study of patients??? satisfaction, walking speed and physical activity level, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.42, issue.2, pp.117-138, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.2340/16501977-0489
Functional electrical stimulation of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexors muscles : effects on poststroke gait, Stroke, vol.40, issue.12, pp.3821-3828, 2009. ,
Neuroprosthesis for Footdrop Compared with an Ankle-Foot Orthosis: Effects on Postural Control during Walking, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol.18, issue.1, pp.41-48, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.08.006
Cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation improves the muscular strength and the motor control of individuals with a postacute stroke, Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, vol.44, issue.2, pp.159-67, 2008. ,
Peroneal Nerve Stimulation versus an Ankle Foot Orthosis for Correction of Footdrop in Stroke: Impact on Functional Ambulation, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.12, issue.2, pp.355-60, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
A functional electric orthesis on the paretic leg improves quality of life of stroke patients, Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, vol.52, issue.1, pp.20-23, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0979-180
Rehabilitation of gait after stroke: a review towards a top-down approach, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol.8, issue.1, p.66, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1186/1743-0003-8-66
Functional electrical stimulation for improving gait in persons with chronic stroke. Top stroke rehabil, pp.491-499, 2012. ,
The Therapeutic Effect of Functional and Transcutaneous Electric Stimulation on Improving Gait Speed in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.87, issue.6, pp.853-862, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.02.026
The Effect of Mirror Therapy Integrating Functional Electrical Stimulation on the Gait of Stroke Patients, Journal of Physical Therapy Science, vol.26, issue.4, pp.497-506 ,
DOI : 10.1589/jpts.26.497
Rehabilitation of the hemiparetic gait by nociceptive withdrawal reflex-based functional electrical therapy: a randomized, single-blinded study, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol.11, issue.1, p.81, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.039
The Effects of Body Weight Support Treadmill Training with Power-Assisted Functional Electrical Stimulation on Functional Movement and Gait in Stroke Patients, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.92, issue.12, pp.1051-1060, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000040
The Effects of Assisted Ergometer Training With a Functional Electrical Stimulation on Exercise Capacity and Functional Ability in Subacute Stroke Patients, Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.37, issue.5, pp.619-646, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.5535/arm.2013.37.5.619
Randomized Controlled Trial of Surface Peroneal Nerve Stimulation for Motor Relearning in Lower Limb Hemiparesis, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.94, issue.6, pp.1007-1021 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.01.024
Functional electrical stimulation of dorsiflexor muscle : effects on dorsiflexor strenght, plantarflexor spasticity, and motor recovery in stroke patients, NeuroRehabilitation, vol.29, issue.4, pp.393-400, 2011. ,
Recovery of Coordinated Gait, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.27, issue.7, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.016
Cycling Induced by Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Recovery in Postacute Hemiparetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Stroke, vol.42, issue.4, pp.1068-73, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.599068
Effect of functional electrical stimulation on the effort and walking speed, surface electromyography activity, and metabolic responses in stroke subjects, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol.20, issue.6, pp.1170-1177, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.003
Functional Electrical Stimulation to Dorsiflexors and Plantar Flexors During Gait to Improve Walking in Adults With Chronic Hemiplegia, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.91, issue.5, pp.687-96, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.024
Restoration of gait and motor recovery by functional electrical stimulation therapy in persons with stroke, Disability and Rehabilitation, vol.73, issue.19, pp.1594-603, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1093/ptj/73.7.447
The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on clinical improvement in hemiplegic lower extremity rehabilitation in chronic stroke : a single-blind, randomised, controlled trial, Disabil Rehabil, issue.24, pp.312047-54, 2009. ,
Sensor-driven four-channel stimulation of paretic leg: Functional electrical walking therapy, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.181, issue.1, pp.100-105, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.04.005
Therapeutic Effect of an Implantable Peroneal Nerve Stimulator in Subjects With Chronic Stroke and Footdrop: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Physical Therapy, vol.69, issue.4, pp.437-485, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.69.3.353
Gait Training Combining Partial Body-Weight Support, a Treadmill, and Functional Electrical Stimulation: Effects on Poststroke Gait, Physical Therapy, vol.17, issue.suppl 3, pp.1144-54, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1191/0269215503cr683oa
Effects of functional electrical stimulation on the improvement of motor function of patients with aute stroke : a randomized controlled trial ,
Effectiveness of Gait Training Using an Electromechanical Gait Trainer, With and Without Functional Electric Stimulation, in Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.87, issue.10, pp.1298-304, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.016
Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation Effect on Lower-Extremity Motor Recovery and Gait Kinematics of Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.87, issue.4, pp.536-576, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.041
A randomized controled trial of functional neuromuscular stimulation in chronic stroke subjects. Stroke, pp.172-180, 2006. ,
Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Recovery of the Lower Extremity and Walking Ability of Subjects With First Acute Stroke: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial, Stroke, vol.36, issue.1, pp.80-85, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000149623.24906.63
Biofeedback and functional electric stimulation in stroke rehabilitation, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.69, issue.6, pp.401-406, 1988. ,
Social and economic burden of walking and mobility problems in multiple sclerosis, BMC Neurology, vol.14, issue.58, p.94, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1177/1352458508088916
Gait kinematics of people with multiple sclerosis and the acute application of functional electrical stimulation. Gait posture, pp.1092-1098, 2014. ,
A comparison ofthe orthotic effect of the Odstock Dropped Foot Stimulator and the Walkaide functional electrical stimulation systems on energy cost and speed of walking in multiple sclerosis, Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 2014. ,
Quantification of gait kinematics and walking ability of people with multiple sclerosis who are new users of functional electrical stimulation, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol.45, issue.4, pp.364-373 ,
DOI : 10.2340/16501977-1109
Impact on activities of daily living using a functional electrical stimulation device to improve dropped foot in people with multiple sclerosis, measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.13, issue.9, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1177/1352458507079260
A randomized trial to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation and therapeutic exercise on walking performance for people with multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.2, issue.4, pp.493-504, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pri.342
The effect of functional electrical stimulation on the physiological cost of gait in people with multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.69, issue.7, pp.954-61, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00046-7
Tertaplegia and paraplegia : a guide for physiotherapists. Sixth Edition, 2006. ,
A synthesis of best evidence for the restoration of upperextremity function in people with tetraplegia. Physiother Can, Fall, vol.63, issue.4, pp.474-89, 2011. ,
Controlled prehension and release in the C5 quadriplegic elicited by functional electrical stimulation of the paralized forearm musculature ,
Restoration of key grip and release in the C6 tetraplegic patient through functional electrical stimulation, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.5, issue.5, pp.462-469 ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(80)80076-1
Pattern of use and user satisfaction of Neuro Control Freehand system, Spinal Cord, vol.39, issue.3, pp.156-60, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.sc.3101126
Efficacy of an implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring hand grasp in tetraplegia: A multicenter study, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.82, issue.10, pp.1380-1388, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1053/apmr.2001.25910
Implanted Neuroprostheses for Restoration of Hand Function in Tetraplegic Patients, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, vol.12, issue.2, pp.72-81, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.5435/00124635-200403000-00002
Transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation for grasping in subjects with cervical spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord, vol.6, issue.1, pp.1-13, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1109/86.681187
Surface electrical stimulation to realize task oriented hand motion, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp.662-667, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5333812
The bionic glove: An electrical stimulator garment that provides controlled grasp and hand opening in quadriplegia, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.78, issue.6, pp.608-622, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90426-3
Clinical evaluation of the bionic glove, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.80, issue.3, pp.299-304, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90141-7
Use of the NESS Handmaster to restore hand function in tetraplegia : clinical experiences in ten patients, Spinal Cord, 2000. ,
Persons with C5 or C6 tetraplegia achieve selected functional gains using a neuroprosthesis, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.84, issue.1, pp.119-143, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1053/apmr.2003.50073
Functional neuromuscular stimulation for combined control of elbow extension and hand grasp in C5 and C6 quadriplegics, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.6, issue.2, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1109/86.681185
Implanted Neuroprosthesis for Restoring Arm and Hand Function in People With High Level Tetraplegia, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.95, issue.6, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.028
A Noninvasive Neuroprosthesis Augments Hand Grasp Force in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: The Functional and Therapeutic Effects, The Scientific World Journal, vol.2011, issue.12, article 14, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00210-2
Resstoring voluntary grasping function in individuals with incomplete chronic spinal cord injury : pilot study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil, Fall, vol.19, issue.4, pp.288-99, 2013. ,
Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy of Voluntary Grasping Versus Only Conventional Rehabilitation for Patients With Subacute Incomplete Tetraplegia, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.56, issue.5, pp.433-475, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1177/1545968309347680
Functional electrical stimulation therapy for grasping in traumatic incomplete spinal cord injury : randomized controlled trial. Artif Organs, pp.212-218, 2011. ,
Functional electrical therapy: retraining grasping in spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord, vol.35, issue.3, pp.143-51, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.sc.3100504
Interventions for improving coordination of reach to grasp following stroke : a systematic review, Int J Evid Based Healthc, vol.93, issue.10, pp.1715-1736, 2012. ,
Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, issue.2, 2006. ,
Impact of EMG-triggered neuromuscular stimulation of the wrist and finger extensors of the paretic hand after stroke: a systematic review of the literature, Clinical Rehabilitation, vol.73, issue.4, pp.291-305, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.296.17.2095
Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation and stroke motor recovery of arm/hand functions: a meta-analysis, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.223, issue.2, pp.121-128, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jns.2004.05.005
Cortical effect and functional recovery by the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation in chronic stroke patients, Neuroscience Letters, vol.442, issue.3, pp.174-183, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.026
Assessing the Efficacy of Different Upper Limb Hemiparesis Interventions on Improving Health-Related Quality of Life in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review, Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, vol.72, issue.4, pp.171-88, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.30.7.1362
High-Versus Low-Frequency Stimulation Effects on Fine Motor Control in Chronic Hemiplegia: A Pilot Study, Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, vol.6, issue.5, pp.299-307, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.05.014
A multi-pad electrode based functional electrical stimulation system for restoration of grasp, J Neuroeng Rehabil, 2012. ,
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation for Upper Limb Recovery in Chronic Hemiparesis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.2, issue.6, pp.595-604, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31817fabc1
Poststroke Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Using 5 to 7 Inserted Microstimulators: Implant Procedure, Safety, and Efficacy for Restoration of Function, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.89, issue.10, pp.1907-1919, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.05.010
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to augment reach and hand opening after stroke, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090835
Variations in neuromuscular electrical stimulation's ability to increase reach and hand opening during voluntary effort after stroke, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ,
DOI : 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6345933
The effect of EMG triggered electrical stimulation plus task practice on arm function in chronic stroke patients with moderate-severe deficits, Restor Neurol Neurosci, vol.31, issue.6, pp.681-91, 2013. ,
Controllaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation for stroke rehabilitation, Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, vol.2012, pp.341-348, 2012. ,
Can Surface Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Wrist and Hand Combined With Routine Therapy Facilitate Recovery of Arm Function in Patients With Stroke?, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.93, issue.10, pp.1715-1736, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.017
Clinical effects of combined arm training with functional electrical stimulation in patients with stroke, IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot, 2011. ,
Effectiveness of Hybrid Assistive Neuromuscular Dynamic Stimulation Therapy in Patients With Subacute Stroke, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.75, issue.9, pp.830-837, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000133
Accelerometer-Triggered Electrical Stimulation for Reach and Grasp in Chronic Stroke Patients, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.18, issue.8, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00415-006-0364-z
The effects of electromyographic-triggered neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation on the functional hand recovery among stroke survivors, Afr J Med Med Sci, vol.38, issue.2, pp.185-91, 2009. ,
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation for Upper Limb Recovery in Chronic Hemiparesis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.2, issue.6, pp.569-78, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31817fabc1
Bilateral Upper Limb Training With Functional Electric Stimulation in Patients With Chronic Stroke, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.22, issue.4, pp.357-65, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1191/026921598672873816
Rehabilitation of Reaching and Grasping Function in Severe Hemiplegic Patients Using Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol.7, issue.6, pp.706-721, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1109/51.897831
Therapeutic effectiveness of electric stimulation of the upper-limb postroke using implanted microstimulators, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, vol.89, issue.10, pp.1907-1919, 2008. ,
Upper-Extremity Functional Electric Stimulation???Assisted Exercises on a Workstation in the Subacute Phase of Stroke Recovery, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.88, issue.7, pp.833-842, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.03.036
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Improves Severe Hand Dysfunction for Individuals With Chronic Stroke, Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, vol.30, issue.4, pp.175-83, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.NPT.0000281254.33045.e4
Back From the Brink: Electromyography-Triggered Stimulation Combined With Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Chronic Stroke, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.87, issue.1, pp.27-31, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.07.307
Analysis of the results of functional electrical stimulation on hemiplegic patients?? upper extremities using the Minnesota manual dexterity test, International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, vol.28, issue.1, pp.25-31, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00004356-200503000-00004
Electrical Stimulation of the Upper Limb in Stroke, American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol.83, issue.8, pp.592-600, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.PHM.0000133435.61610.55
A functional electric stimulation???assisted exercise therapy system for hemiplegic hand function11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated., Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol.85, issue.6, pp.881-886, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.094
Restitution of reaching and grasping promoted by functional electrical therapy. Artif Organs, 2002. ,
Chronic Motor Dysfunction After Stroke : Recovering Wrist and Finger Extension by Electromyography-Triggered Neuromuscular Stimulation, Stroke, vol.31, issue.6, pp.1360-1364, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.31.6.1360
Neuromuscular Stimulation for Upper Extremity Motor and Functional Recovery in Acute Hemiplegia, Stroke, vol.29, issue.5, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.29.5.975
The functional value of electrical muscle stimulation for the rehabilitation of hand in stroke patients, Scand J Rehabil Med, 1997. ,
The influence of EMG-initiated electrical muscle stimulation on motor recovery of the centrally paretic hand, Eur J Neurol, 1996. ,
Effects of functional electrical stimulation with mirror therapy on upper limb motor function in poststroke patients, J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, vol.2014, issue.234, pp.655-61 ,
The synergic effects of mirror therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation for hand function in stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med, pp.316-337, 2011. ,