S. , V. De-génotype, and E. , Création d'une séquence consensus pour les gènes préS

G. Pour, nous avons présenté toutes les mutations différentes du consensus sur un même profil. Les mutations T57I et P62L sont responsables d'une diminution d'antigénicité prédite in silico

. Cependant, et pour des raisons techniques, il faut préciser que les séquençages ont été réalisés à partir de sérums recueillis à différents temps dans l'évolution de la maladie pour chaque patient. L'influence de la pression thérapeutique sur la séquence S doit être interprétée avec précautions

. La-prise-en-charge-thérapeutique, qui consiste à l'utilisation d'analogues nucléos(t)idiques efficaces sur le VIH et le VHB, a pour objectif idéal la clairance de l'Ag HBs. Cependant, il s'agit d'un événement rare qui survient chez certains patients à condition que plusieurs facteurs soient réunis

F. Cazein, J. Pillonel, L. Strat, Y. Pinget, R. et al., Découvertes de séropositivité VIH et de sida, INVS BEH, pp.9-10, 2003.

C. Charpentier, . Damond, D. Brun-vézinet, and . Descamps, Virus de l'immunod??ficience humaine, EMC - Maladies infectieuses, vol.8, issue.4, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S1166-8598(11)50121-8

B. Chen, C. Liu, G. Jow, P. Chen, J. Kao et al., High Prevalence and Mapping of Pre-S Deletion in Hepatitis B Virus Carriers With Progressive Liver Diseases, Gastroenterology, vol.130, issue.4, pp.1153-1168, 2006.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.011

C. Chen, C. Hung, C. Lee, T. Hu, J. Wang et al., Pre-S Deletion and Complex Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus Related to Advanced Liver Disease in HBeAg-Negative Patients, Gastroenterology, vol.133, issue.5, pp.1466-1474, 2007.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.09.002

O. Chong-jin, W. Ning, C. Shiuan, K. , G. Keow et al., Identification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Variants with Alterations outside the ???a??? Determinant in Immunized Singapore Infants, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.179, issue.1, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/314553

F. Clavel, D. Guétard, F. Brun-vézinet, S. Chamaret, M. A. Rey et al., Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS, Science, vol.233, issue.4761, pp.343-346, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2425430

J. Coffin and R. Swanstrom, HIV pathogenesis: dynamics and genetics of viral populations and infected cells. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 3, 2013.

D. S. Dane, C. H. Cameron, and M. Briggs, VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH AUSTRALIA-ANTIGEN-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS, The Lancet, vol.295, issue.7649, pp.695-698, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90926-8

G. Deléage, C. Combet, C. Blanchet, and C. Geourjon, ANTHEPROT: An integrated protein sequence analysis software with client/server capabilities, Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol.31, issue.4, pp.259-267, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0010-4825(01)00008-7

D. Maddalena, C. Giambelli, C. Tanzi, E. Colzani, D. Schiavini et al., High level of genetic heterogeneity in S and P genes of genotype D hepatitis B virus, Virology, vol.365, issue.1, pp.113-124, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virol.2007.03.015

C. P. Desmond, A. Bartholomeusz, S. Gaudieri, P. A. Revill, and S. R. Lewin, A systematic review of T-cell epitopes in hepatitis B virus: identification, genotypic variation and relevance to antiviral therapeutics, Antivir. Ther, vol.13, pp.161-175, 2008.

G. J. Dore, V. Soriano, J. Rockstroh, B. Kupfer, E. Tedaldi et al., Frequent hepatitis B virus rebound among HIV???hepatitis B virus-coinfected patients following antiretroviral therapy interruption, AIDS, vol.24, issue.6, pp.857-865, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328334bddb

A. Ducancelle, A. Servant-delmas, T. Beuvelet, V. Balan, A. Pivert et al., Results of a novel real-time PCR, sequence analysis, Inno-LiPA line probe assays in the detection of hepatitis B virus G1896A precore mutation in French blood donors, 2011.

G. Fattovich, F. Bortolotti, and F. Donato, Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: Special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors, Journal of Hepatology, vol.48, issue.2, pp.335-352, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.011

J. Fu, D. Xu, Z. Liu, M. Shi, P. Zhao et al., Increased Regulatory T Cells Correlate With CD8 T-Cell Impairment and Poor Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients, Gastroenterology, vol.132, issue.7, pp.2328-2339, 2007.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.102

D. Ganem and A. M. Prince, Hepatitis B Virus Infection ??? Natural History and Clinical Consequences, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.350, issue.11, pp.1118-1129, 2004.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra031087

F. Gao, E. Bailes, D. L. Robertson, Y. Chen, C. M. Rodenburg et al., Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Nature, vol.4, issue.6718, pp.436-441, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876

J. Ghosn and C. Katlama, Prise en charge de l???infection par le virus de l???immunod??ficience humaine, EMC - Maladies infectieuses, vol.9, issue.4, pp.1-12, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S1166-8598(12)59687-0

R. J. Gilson, A. E. Hawkins, M. R. Beecham, E. Ross, J. Waite et al., Interactions between HIV and hepatitis B virus in homosexual men, AIDS, vol.11, issue.5, pp.597-606, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-199705000-00007

M. P. Girard, S. Paul, and B. Verrier, Vaccins préventifs anti-VIH : un but à notre portée ?, Virologie, vol.17, pp.193-205, 2013.

D. Glebe and S. Urban, Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnaviral entry, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.13, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.22

M. S. Gottlieb, R. Schroff, H. M. Schanker, J. D. Weisman, P. T. Fan et al., Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Mucosal Candidiasis in Previously Healthy Homosexual Men. Evidence of a New Acquired Cellular Immunodeficiency, The Journal of Urology, vol.128, issue.2, pp.1425-1431, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52990-0

C. Hannoun, K. Krogsgaard, P. Horal, and M. Lindh, Genotype Mixtures of Hepatitis B Virus in Patients Treated with Interferon, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.186, issue.6, pp.752-759, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/342599

V. M. Hirsch, R. A. Olmsted, M. Murphey-corb, R. H. Purcell, J. et al., An African primate lentivirus (SIVsmclosely related to HIV-2, Nature, vol.339, issue.6223, pp.389-392, 1989.
DOI : 10.1038/339389a0

T. Hosaka, F. Suzuki, M. Kobayashi, Y. Seko, Y. Kawamura et al., Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during long-term nucleot(s)ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B: results from a nine-year longitudinal study, Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.34, issue.8, pp.930-941, 2013.
DOI : 10.1053/jhep.2001.28459

S. Huang, Y. Chen, W. Lee, I. Chang, Y. Chiu et al., Identification of Transforming Hepatitis B Virus S Gene Nonsense Mutations Derived from Freely Replicative Viruses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, PLoS ONE, vol.9, issue.2, p.89753, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0089753.s010

T. T. Huy, T. T. Ngoc, A. , and K. , New Complex Recombinant Genotype of Hepatitis B Virus Identified in Vietnam, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.11, pp.5657-5663, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02556-07

S. Ijaz, R. Szypulska, N. Andrews, and R. S. Tedder, Investigating the impact of hepatitis B virus surface gene polymorphism on antigenicity using ex vivo phenotyping, Journal of General Virology, vol.137, issue.2, pp.2473-2479, 2012.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.2001.1246

J. Jaroszewicz, T. Reiberger, D. Meyer-olson, S. Mauss, M. Vogel et al., Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Concentrations in Patients with HIV/HBV Co-Infection, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.8, p.43143, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0043143.s001

H. Jeulin, A. Velay, J. Murray, and E. Schvoerer, Clinical impact of hepatitis B and C virus envelope glycoproteins, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.19, issue.5, pp.654-664, 2013.
DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.654

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01481003

D. Joshi, J. O-'grady, D. Dieterich, B. Gazzard, and K. Agarwal, Increasing burden of liver disease in patients with HIV infection, The Lancet, vol.377, issue.9772, pp.1198-1209, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62001-6

A. Kay and F. Zoulim, Hepatitis B virus genetic variability and evolution, Virus Research, vol.127, issue.2, pp.164-176, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.021

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00133137

J. H. Kim, J. H. Park, Y. J. Lee, E. W. Cho, Y. S. Bae et al., In Vitro Binding Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus preS-derived Putative Helper T-cell Epitopes to MHC Class II Molecules Using Stable HLA-DRB1*0405/-DRA*0101 Transfected Cells, IUBMB Life, vol.50, issue.6, pp.379-384, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/713803746

B. K. Kim, P. A. Revill, and S. H. Ahn, HBV genotypes: relevance to natural history, pathogenesis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B, Antiviral Therapy, vol.16, issue.8, pp.1169-1186, 2011.
DOI : 10.3851/IMP1982

B. Korber and G. Myers, Signature Pattern Analysis: A Method for Assessing Viral Sequence Relatedness, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, vol.8, issue.9, pp.1549-1560, 1992.
DOI : 10.1089/aid.1992.8.1549

S. Laperche, S. Delmas, A. Gallian, P. Pillonel, J. et al., La surveillance de la diversité des virus VIH, VHB et VHC chez les donneurs de sang français entre 2000 et 2010. Numéro thématique. Don de sang : surveillance du risque infectieux et sécurité transfusionnelle, INVS BEH, pp.39-40, 2012.

C. Larsen, G. Pialoux, D. Salmon, D. Antona, L. Strat et al., Prevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection in the HIV-infected population of France, Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, vol.13, issue.22, pp.1-4, 2004.

L. Duff, Y. Blanchet, M. Sureau, and C. , The Pre-S1 and Antigenic Loop Infectivity Determinants of the Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Proteins Are Functionally Independent, Journal of Virology, vol.83, issue.23, pp.12443-12451, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.01594-09

Y. Li, H. Wang, L. , and T. , Hepatitis B virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: interaction among human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and host immunity, Chin. Med. J. (Engl.), vol.125, pp.2371-2377, 2012.

C. Lin and J. Kao, The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype: Recent advances, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.17, issue.2, pp.123-130, 2011.
DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2695

S. Locarnini, Primary resistance, multidrug resistance, and cross-resistance pathways in HBV as a consequence of treatment failure, Hepatology International, vol.293, issue.4 Suppl 1, pp.147-151, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s12072-008-9048-3

S. A. Locarnini and L. Yuen, Molecular genesis of drug-resistant and vaccine-escape HBV mutants, Antiviral Therapy, vol.15, issue.3 Part B, pp.451-461, 2010.
DOI : 10.3851/IMP1499

V. Lo-re, I. Frank, R. Gross, J. Dockter, J. M. Linnen et al., Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes for occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected patients, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr, vol.44, pp.315-320, 1999.

B. Maasoumy, S. B. Wiegand, J. Jaroszewicz, B. Bremer, P. Lehmann et al., Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in a large European cohort predominantly infected with genotypes A and D. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, pp.1-10, 2015.

B. Malve, C. Au, and N. , Etude des caractéristiques moléculaires des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B par séquençage direct à partir d'une cohorte de patients suivis, 2014.

M. Peeters and M. Chaix, origine et diversité génétique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : d'où vient-il, où va-t-il?, Virologie, vol.17, pp.119-131, 2013.

C. Meffre and D. , Prévalence des hépatites B et C en France en, p.176, 2004.

A. Meier, S. Mehrle, T. S. Weiss, W. Mier, and S. Urban, Myristoylated PreS1-domain of the hepatitis B virus L-protein mediates specific binding to differentiated hepatocytes, Hepatology, vol.110, issue.5 Suppl 1, pp.31-42, 2013.
DOI : 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613059

M. Michel, Immunopathogenèse et approches vaccinales thérapeutiques de l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite B, Virology, vol.18, pp.25-33, 2014.

P. Morlat, Prise en charge médicale des personnes vivant avec le VIH. Recommandations du groupe d'experts. RAPPORT 2013 sous la direction du Pr Philippe Morlat et sous l, 2013.

M. A. Nowak, S. Bonhoeffer, A. M. Hill, R. Boehme, H. C. Thomas et al., Viral dynamics in hepatitis B virus infection., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.93, issue.9, pp.4398-4402, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4398

H. Okamoto, M. Imai, F. Tsuda, T. Tanaka, Y. Miyakawa et al., Point mutation in the S gene of hepatitis B virus for a d/y or w/r subtypic change in two blood donors carrying a surface antigen of compound subtype adyr or adwr, J. Virol, vol.61, pp.3030-3034, 1987.

C. M. Olinger, V. Venard, M. Njayou, A. O. Oyefolu, I. Maïga et al., Phylogenetic analysis of the precore/core gene of hepatitis B virus genotypes E and A in West Africa: new subtypes, mixed infections and recombinations, Journal of General Virology, vol.87, issue.5, pp.1163-1173, 2006.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.81614-0

C. M. Olinger, P. Jutavijittum, J. M. Hübschen, A. Yousukh, B. Samountry et al., Possible new hepatitis B virus genotype, 2008.

M. L. Op-den-brouw, R. S. Binda, M. H. Van-roosmalen, U. Protzer, H. L. Janssen et al., Hepatitis B virus surface antigen impairs myeloid dendritic cell function: a possible immune escape mechanism of hepatitis B virus, Immunology, vol.38, issue.2, pp.280-289, 2009.
DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v13.i7.1060

J. M. Parker, D. Guo, and R. S. Hodges, New hydrophilicity scale derived from high-performance liquid chromatography peptide retention data: correlation of predicted surface residues with antigenicity and x-ray-derived accessible sites, Biochemistry, vol.25, issue.19, pp.5425-5432, 1986.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00367a013

V. K. Pathak and H. M. Temin, Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.16, pp.6019-6023, 1990.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6019

R. Pei, S. Grund, J. Verheyen, S. Esser, X. Chen et al., Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in an HIV coinfected patient with isolated anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies, Virology Journal, vol.11, issue.1, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.072

M. G. Peters, Diagnosis and management of hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfection Topics in HIV medicine: a publication of the International AIDS Society, pp.163-166, 2007.

M. Petit and C. Trepo, Virologie de l'hépatite B, EMC Hépatologie, vol.9, issue.2, pp.1-18, 2014.

L. Piroth, S. Pol, K. Lacombe, P. Miailhes, A. Rami et al., Management and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive and negative patients: The EPIB 2008 study, Journal of Hepatology, vol.53, issue.6, pp.1006-1012, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.041

L. Piroth, S. Pol, P. Miailhes, K. Lacombe, A. Lopes et al., Therapeutic management and evolution of chronic hepatitis B: does HIV still have an impact? The EPIB 2012 study, Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, pp.1-9, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cit002

T. Pollicino, I. Cacciola, F. Saffioti, R. , and G. , Hepatitis B virus PreS/S gene variants: Pathobiology and clinical implications, Journal of Hepatology, vol.61, issue.2, pp.408-417, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.041

P. Pontisso, L. Vidalino, S. Quarta, and A. Gatta, Biological and clinical implications of HBV infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.8, issue.1, pp.13-17, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.016

M. R. Pourkarim, Z. Sharifi, A. Soleimani, S. Amini-bavil-olyaee, E. Fakhr et al., Evolutionary analysis of HBV ???S??? antigen genetic diversity in Iranian blood donors: A nationwide study, Journal of Medical Virology, vol.58, issue.1, pp.144-155, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199907)58:3<193::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-X

I. Quetier and D. Kremsdorf, La protéine X du virus de l'hépatite B et son rôle dans le développement du carcinome hépatocellulaire, Virologie, vol.18, pp.229-238, 2014.

F. Ramezani, M. Norouzi, G. R. Sarizade, V. Poortahmasebi, E. Kalantar et al., Mutation Hot Spots in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic Carriers from Khoozestan Province, Southern of Iran. Iran, J. Allergy Asthma Immunol, vol.12, pp.269-275, 2013.

B. C. Ramirez, E. Simon-loriere, R. Galetto, and M. Negroni, Implications of recombination for HIV diversity, Virus Research, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.64-73, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.01.007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356463

S. M. Riordan, N. Skinner, J. Kurtovic, S. Locarnini, and K. Visvanathan, Reduced Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Peripheral Monocytes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, vol.13, issue.8, pp.972-974, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/CVI.00396-05

C. Rouzioux, V. Avettand-fenoel, and B. Autran, Réservoirs et réponses immunitaires au cours de l'histoire naturelle de l'infection à VIH-1, Virologie, vol.17, pp.157-168, 2013.

R. Salpini, L. Colagrossi, M. C. Bellocchi, M. Surdo, C. Becker et al., Hepatitis B surface antigen genetic elements critical for immune escape correlate with hepatitis B virus reactivation upon immunosuppression, Hepatology, vol.31, issue.Suppl 1, pp.823-833, 2015.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.5938

H. Scheiblauer, M. El-nageh, S. Diaz, S. Nick, H. Zeichhardt et al., Performance evaluation of 70 hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) assays from around the world by a geographically diverse panel with an array of HBV genotypes and HBsAg subtypes, Vox Sanguinis, vol.50, issue.S1, pp.403-414, 2010.
DOI : 10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-2059

P. M. Sharp and B. H. Hahn, Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harb, p.6841, 2011.

B. Simon, M. Kundi, and E. Puchhammer, Gene of Hepatitis B Virus Strains in Patients with Chronic Infection by Online Bioinformatics Tools, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.51, issue.1, pp.163-168, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.01630-12

J. A. Sohn, S. Litwin, and C. Seeger, Mechanism for CCC DNA Synthesis in Hepadnaviruses, PLoS ONE, vol.4, issue.11, pp.1-6, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0008093.t002

L. Stoeckl, A. Funk, A. Kopitzki, B. Brandenburg, S. Oess et al., Identification of a structural motif crucial for infectivity of hepatitis B viruses, Proc. Natl, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00314a028

J. J. Sung, S. K. Tsui, C. Tse, E. Y. Ng, K. Leung et al., Genotype-Specific Genomic Markers Associated with Primary Hepatomas, Based on Complete Genomic Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.7, pp.3604-3611, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.01197-07

C. Sureau and J. Salisse, A conformational heparan sulfate binding site essential to infectivity overlaps with the conserved hepatitis B virus A-determinant, Hepatology, vol.35, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.985-994, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-5890(98)00110-2

S. Taffon, D. Genovese, M. Blasi, P. Pierotti, D. Esposti et al., HBV whole-genome mutation profile in HIV-1/HBV coinfected patients in a long-term follow-up study, Infection, vol.163, issue.4, pp.675-687, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.029

P. Tai, F. Suk, W. H. Gerlich, A. R. Neurath, and C. Shih, Hypermodification and Immune Escape of an Internally Deleted Middle-Envelope (M) Protein of Frequent and Predominant Hepatitis B Virus Variants, Virology, vol.292, issue.1, pp.44-58, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.2001.1239

R. B. Takkenberg, C. J. Weegink, H. L. Zaaijer, R. , and H. W. , New developments in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Vox Sang, pp.481-494, 2010.

K. Tatematsu, Y. Tanaka, F. Kurbanov, F. Sugauchi, S. Mano et al., A Genetic Variant of Hepatitis B Virus Divergent from Known Human and Ape Genotypes Isolated from a Japanese Patient and Provisionally Assigned to New Genotype J, Journal of Virology, vol.83, issue.20, pp.10538-10547, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00462-09

S. Thibault, R. Fromentin, M. R. Tardif, and M. J. Tremblay, TLR2 and TLR4 triggering exerts contrasting effects with regard to HIV-1 infection of human dendritic cells and subsequent virus transfer to CD4+ T cells, Retrovirology, vol.6, issue.1, p.42, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1742-4690-6-42

C. L. Thio, L. Smeaton, M. Saulynas, H. Hwang, S. Saravan et al., Characterization of HIV???HBV coinfection in a multinational HIV-infected cohort, AIDS, vol.27, issue.2, pp.191-201, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835a9984

J. Torresi, L. Earnest-silveira, G. Deliyannis, K. Edgtton, H. Zhuang et al., Reduced Antigenicity of the Hepatitis B Virus HBsAg Protein Arising as a Consequence of Sequence Changes in the Overlapping Polymerase Gene That Are Selected by Lamivudine Therapy, Virology, vol.293, issue.2, pp.305-313, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/viro.2001.1246

S. Urban, A. Schulze, M. Dandri, and J. Petersen, The replication cycle of hepatitis B virus, Journal of Hepatology, vol.52, issue.2, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.10.031

F. J. Van-hemert, B. Berkhout, and H. L. Zaaijer, Differential Binding of Tenofovir and Adefovir to Reverse Transcriptase of Hepatitis B Virus, PLoS ONE, vol.25, issue.9, pp.1-9, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0106324.s001

F. Van-heuverswyn, Y. Li, C. Neel, E. Bailes, B. F. Keele et al., SIV infection in wild gorillas, Nature, vol.18, issue.7116, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10329-003-0058-4

V. Velu, S. Saravanan, S. Nandakumar, E. Dhevahi, E. M. Shankar et al., Transmission of ?a ? determinant variants of hepatitis B virus in immunized babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers, Jpn. J. Infect. Dis, vol.61, pp.73-76, 2008.

T. Volz, L. Allweiss, M. B. Barek, M. Warlich, A. W. Lohse et al., The entry inhibitor Myrcludex-B efficiently blocks intrahepatic virus spreading in humanized mice previously infected with hepatitis B virus, Journal of Hepatology, vol.58, issue.5, pp.861-867, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.008

X. Wei, S. K. Ghosh, M. E. Taylor, V. A. Johnson, E. A. Emini et al., Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, Nature, vol.226, issue.6510, pp.117-122, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6095449

Y. Wei, C. Neuveut, P. Tiollais, and M. Buendia, Molecular biology of the hepatitis B virus and role of the X gene, Pathologie Biologie, vol.58, issue.4, pp.267-272, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.03.005

F. Xiao, J. A. Mckeating, and T. F. Baumert, A bile acid transporter as a candidate receptor for hepatitis B and D virus entry, Journal of Hepatology, vol.58, issue.6, pp.1246-1248, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.036

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00850914

H. Yan, G. Zhong, G. Xu, W. He, Z. Jing et al., Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus, p.49, 2012.

R. Zoutendijk, B. E. Hansen, A. J. Van-vuuren, C. A. Boucher, and H. L. Janssen, Serum HBsAg Decline During Long-term Potent Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B and Prediction of HBsAg Loss, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.52, issue.3, pp.415-418, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.23803

R. Zoutendijk, H. L. Zaaijer, T. E. De-vries-sluijs, J. G. Reijnders, J. W. Mulder et al., Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Declines and Clearance During Long-Term Tenofovir Therapy in Patients Coinfected With HBV and HIV, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.54, issue.6, pp.974-980, 2012.
DOI : 10.3851/IMP1887