30 A. Composition de l'équipe, p.31 ,
31 III ANNEXE 1), 34 IV. DONNEES ETUDIEES SUR LE DEVENIR DES PATIENTS NON ADMIS, p.35 ,
40 3. Motifs de non admission en réanimation, p.41 ,
45 A. Unités d'accueil des patients refusés à la réanimation, p.46 ,
51 2. Fiabilité pour les patients à gravité dépassée, p.52 ,
59 a. Proposition téléphonique, un facteur de refus, p.59 ,
67 1. Impact du refus d'admission sur la survie, p.67 ,
Parmi celles-ci, la défaillance respiratoire est la plus fréquemment observée et représente à elle seule, 38,2% des motifs de sollicitation dans le groupe de patients refusés et 24,5% dans le groupe des patients admis. Ensuite viennent par ordre de fréquence : Dans le groupe des patients refusés : Défaillances cardiaques, 2%) Pathologies infectieuses5%) Défaillances neurologiques3%) Défaillances rénales et métaboliques (5,5%) Hémorragies aiguës5%) ; tentatives d'autolyse (2,5%) Défaillances hépatiques3%) Défaillances hématologiques, p.3 ,
Défaillances cardiaques (24,5%) Pathologies infectieuses, 6%) Gestion péri-opératoire (8,6%) Défaillances neurologiques8%) Défaillances rénales et métaboliques (6,1%) Hémorragies aiguës (4,7%) Tentatives d'autolyse (2,4%) Défaillances hépatiques (1,2%) Maladies de système (1%) Défaillances hématologiques ,
Outcomes of patients considered for, but not admitted to, the intensive care unit*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.36, issue.3, pp.812-817, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0B013E318165FAC7
Rationing of Intensive Care Unit Services, JAMA, vol.255, issue.9, pp.1143-1146, 1986. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1986.03370090065021
Admission, discharge, and triage in critical care. Principles and practice, Crit Care Clin, vol.9, issue.3, pp.555-574, 1993. ,
Outcomes Research in Critical Care, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.45, issue.1, pp.358-367, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1991.430
Triage decisions for intensive care in terminally ill patients. Intensive Care Med, pp.1011-1014, 1997. ,
Decision-making process, outcome, and 1-year quality of life of octogenarians referred for intensive care unit admission, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.28, issue.7, pp.1045-1051, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb04452.x
Intensive care 1980-1995: change in patient characteristics, nursing workload and outcome. Intensive Care Med, pp.1165-1170, 1997. ,
Caring for HIV-Infected Patients in the ICU in The Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era, Current HIV Research, vol.7, issue.6, pp.569-579, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.2174/157016209789973592
Critical care of HIV infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Minerva Anestesiol, pp.635-645, 2007. ,
Critical care of immunocompromised patients: Human immunodeficiency virus, Critical Care Medicine, vol.34, issue.Suppl, pp.245-250, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000232491.15369.AB
Noninvasive Ventilation in Immunosuppressed Patients with Pulmonary Infiltrates, Fever, and Acute Respiratory Failure, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.344, issue.7, pp.481-487, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200102153440703
Should age limit admission to the intensive care unit? Am J Hosp Palliat Care, pp.63-66, 2007. ,
Should elderly patients be admitted to the intensive care unit? Intensive Care Med, pp.1252-1262, 2007. ,
Predictors of intensive care unit refusal in French intensive care units: A multiple-center study*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.33, issue.4, pp.750-755, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000157752.26180.F1
Population requirement for adult critical-care beds: a prospective quantitative and qualitative study, The Lancet, vol.355, issue.9204, pp.595-598, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)01265-4
The evolution of the intensivist: from health care provider to economic rationalist and ethicist, Med. J. Aust. 1996 mars, vol.4164, issue.5, pp.310-312 ,
Enjeux éthiques en réanimation, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4
Patient-related factors and circumstances surrounding decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment, including intensive care unit admission refusal*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.36, issue.7, pp.2076-2083, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817c0ea7
European attitudes towards ethical problems in intensive care medicine: Results of an ethical questionnaire, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.260, issue.4, pp.256-264, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-96-1-110
Forgoing life support in western European intensive care units, Critical Care Medicine, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1626-1633, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-199908000-00042
Evaluation of triage decisions for intensive care admission, Critical Care Medicine, vol.27, issue.6, pp.1073-1079, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-199906000-00021
Factors influencing ICU physicians in triage decisions of critically ill patients, Intensive Care Med, 2002. ,
Patients refused in admission to an intensive care unit ,
Initiating and Withdrawing Life Support, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.318, issue.1, pp.25-30, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198801073180106
Compliance with triage to intensive care recommendations, Critical Care Medicine, vol.29, issue.11, pp.2132-2136, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200111000-00014
The process of intensive care triage, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1441-1445, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-199402000-00031
Extent and determinants of error in doctors' prognoses in terminally ill patients: prospective cohort study Commentary: Why do doctors overestimate? Commentary: Prognoses should be based on proved indices not intuition, BMJ, vol.320, issue.7233, pp.469-472, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.320.7233.469
on ne doit pas refuser les malades en réanimation [Internet] Available from: http://www.outcomerea.org/Telecharger-document/186-Controverse-on-ne- doit-pas-refuser-les-malades-en-reanimation ,
Prospective evaluation of patients refused admission to an intensive care unit: triage, futility and outcome, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1459-1465, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s001340101041
Attitudes of European physicians, nurses, patients, and families regarding end-of-life decisions: the ETHICATT study, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.334, issue.1, pp.104-110, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1093/geronb/52B.2.S97
Outcome, functional autonomy, and quality of life of elderly patients with a long-term intensive care unit stay, Critical Care Medicine, vol.28, issue.10, pp.3389-3395, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200010000-00002
Power and limitations of daily prognostications of death in the medical intensive care unit, Critical Care Medicine, vol.39, issue.3 ,
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318205df9b
Triaging patients to the ICU: a pilot study of factors influencing admission decisions and patient outcomes, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.30, issue.5, pp.774-781, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200203000-00002
Mortality among appropriately referred patients refused admission to intensive-care units, The Lancet, vol.350, issue.9070, pp.7-11, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10018-0
[Refusal of care in the intensive care: how makes decision?]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, pp.954-961, 2009. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00561245
Rationing critical care --what happens to patients who are not admitted? Theor Surg, pp.208-211, 1994. ,
Les décisions d'admission ou de non-admission en réanimationAdmission or refusal decisions for intensive care. Réanimation, pp.679-684, 2001. ,
Mortality Probability Models (MPM II) Based on an International Cohort of Intensive Care Unit Patients, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.270, issue.20, pp.2478-2486, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1993.03510200084037
Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol.5, issue.6, pp.649-55, 1982. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00000421-198212000-00014
Rationing critical care beds: A systematic review*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.32, issue.7, pp.1588-1597, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000130175.38521.9F
Survival of critically ill patients hospitalized in and out of intensive care*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.35, issue.2, pp.449-457, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000253407.89594.15
Reasons for refusal of admission to intensive care and impact on mortality, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.10, issue.10, pp.1772-1779, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-003-1709-z
Some Characteristics of the Quality of Life in Old Age Illustrated by Means of Allardt's Concept, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, vol.4, issue.Suppl 1, pp.116-121, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-6712.1990.tb00046.x
End-of-life care: What do the American courts say?, Critical Care Medicine, vol.29, issue.Supplement, pp.40-45, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200102001-00008
Withdrawing treatment. Dans: Oxford textbook of critical care, pp.1039-1040, 1999. ,
The Rise and Fall of the Futility Movement, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.343, issue.4, pp.293-296, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200007273430411
Perceptions of "futile care" among caregivers in intensive care units, Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol.177, issue.10, pp.1201-1208 ,
DOI : 10.1503/cmaj.070144
Recent advances: Medical ethics, BMJ, vol.321, issue.7256, pp.282-285, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.321.7256.282
Intensive care decision making in the seriously ill and elderly*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.32, issue.3, pp.649-654, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000115636.29294.2F
Opinions about surrogate designation: A population survey in France*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.31, issue.6, pp.1711-1714, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000069828.15555.09
Prediction of poor outcome of intensive care unit patients admitted from the emergency department, Critical Care Medicine, vol.25, issue.11, pp.1801-1806, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-199711000-00016
Use of the Medical Futility Rationale in Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation Orders, JAMA, vol.273, issue.2, pp.124-128, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1995.03520260046031
Withholding and withdrawal of life support in intensive-care units in France: a prospective survey, The Lancet, vol.357, issue.9249, pp.9-14, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03564-9
French intensivists do not apply American recommendations regarding decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy, Critical Care Medicine, vol.29, issue.10, pp.1887-1892, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1097/00003246-200110000-00006
Intensive care physicians' attitudes concerning distribution of intensive care resources. A comparison of Israeli, North American and European cohorts. Intensive Care Med, pp.1140-1143, 2004. ,
Supply of medicines: paternalism, autonomy and reality., Journal of Medical Ethics, vol.24, issue.2, pp.93-98, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1136/jme.24.2.93
Rational non-interventional paternalism: why doctors ought to make judgments of what is best for their patients., Journal of Medical Ethics, vol.21, issue.6, pp.327-331, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1136/jme.21.6.327
Autonomy and paternalism in medicine, Med. J. Aust. déc, vol.6159, pp.11-12797, 1993. ,
Is refusal of futile treatment unjustified paternalism?, J Clin Ethics, vol.6, issue.2, pp.133-137, 1995. ,
Canadian Critical Care Society: Statement and service and admission and discharge policy available ,
Existential autonomy: why patients should make their own choices., Journal of Medical Ethics, vol.23, issue.4, pp.221-225, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1136/jme.23.4.221
URL : http://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/23/4/221.full.pdf
Attitudes of Oregon psychiatrists toward physician-assisted suicide, Am J Psychiatry, vol.153, issue.11, pp.1469-1475, 1996. ,
1111-6 Code de la Santé Publique [Internet]. [cité 2011 mai 14];Available from ,
Ability of family members to predict patient's consent to critical care research, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.330, issue.5, pp.807-813, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.38366.562685.8F
Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Family Members of Intensive Care Unit Patients, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.171, issue.9, pp.987-994, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.780
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in family members of intensive care unit patients before discharge or death. A prospective multicenter study, Journal of Critical Care, vol.20, issue.1, pp.90-96, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.11.004
Half the family members of intensive care unit patients do not want to share in the decision-making process: A study in 78 French intensive care units*, Critical Care Medicine, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1832-1838, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1097/01.CCM.0000139693.88931.59
Comment prendre la décision de ne pas admettre un patient en réanimation. Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation, pp.232-238, 2005. ,
Choc septique: des recommandations à la pratique. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, pp.376-380, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2007.01.002
Outcome of Cancer Patients Considered for Intensive Care Unit Admission: A Hospital-Wide Prospective Study, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.23, issue.19, pp.4406-4413, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.487
Consequences of discharges from intensive care at night. Lancet, pp.1138-1142, 2000. ,
Bench-to-bedside review: outcome predictions for critically ill patients in the emergency department. Crit Care, pp.376-383, 2005. ,