L. Vecchio, A. Zacur, and G. , Clostridium difficile infection, Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.1-9, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834bc9a9

V. Loo, A. Bourgault, L. Poirier, F. Lamothe, S. Michaud et al., Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization, Effectiveness of Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection -NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2012 Feb 9], 2011.

D. Enoch, M. Butler, S. Pai, S. Aliyu, and J. Karas, Clostridium difficile in children: Colonisation and disease, Journal of Infection, vol.63, issue.2, pp.105-118, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.05.016

J. Kim, J. Shaklee, S. Smathers, P. Prasad, L. Asti et al., Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Severe Clostridium difficile Infection in Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Feb, vol.31, issue.2, pp.134-142, 2012.

I. Hall, Intestinal flora in new-born infants with a description of a new pathogenic anaerobe, Bacillus difficilis. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Feb, vol.149, issue.2, p.390, 1935.

L. Smith and E. King, Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in infections of man, J. Bacteriol, vol.84, pp.65-72, 1962.

D. Hamre, G. Rake, C. Mckee, and H. Macphillamy, THE TOXICITY OF PENICILLIN AS PREPARED FOR CLINICAL USE, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol.206, issue.5, 1943.
DOI : 10.1097/00000441-194311000-00011

J. Finney, Gastro-enterostomy for cicatrizing ulcer of the pylorus

S. Childs and E. Beatty, FATAL ENTERITIS, A.M.A. Archives of Surgery, vol.68, issue.4, pp.486-90, 1954.
DOI : 10.1001/archsurg.1954.01260050488011

K. My and H. Wh, Staphylococcal enterocolitis--treatment with oral vancomycin. Annals of internal medicine, p.1, 1966.

F. Tedesco, R. Barton, and D. Alpers, Clindamycin-associated colitis. A prospective study

J. Bartlett, . Commentary, J. Bartlett, A. Onderdonk, R. Cisneros et al., Clindamycin-Associated Colitis Due to a Toxin-Producing Species of Clostridium in Hamsters, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.136, issue.5, pp.701202-701211, 1977.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/136.5.701

R. Green, The association of viral activation with penicillin toxicity in guinea pigs and hamsters, Yale J Biol Med, vol.47, issue.3, pp.166-81, 1974.

J. Bartlett, T. Chang, M. Gurwith, S. Gorbach, and A. Onderdonk, Antibiotic-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis Due to Toxin-Producing Clostridia, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.298, issue.10, pp.531-535, 1978.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM197803092981003

J. Bartlett, Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.s1, pp.4-11, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/521861

S. Hafiz and C. Oakley, Clostridium difficile: isolation and characteristics (Plate VIII), Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.129-165, 1976.
DOI : 10.1099/00222615-9-2-129

M. Shaughnessy, R. Micielli, D. Depestel, J. Arndt, C. Strachan et al., Conclusions., Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.03, pp.201-207, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/511640

D. Burns, J. Heap, and N. Minton, Clostridium difficile spore germination: an update, Research in Microbiology, vol.161, issue.9, pp.730-734, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.09.007

L. Mcfarland, M. Mulligan, R. Kwok, and W. Stamm, Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection, American Journal of Infection Control, vol.18, issue.1, pp.204-214, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0196-6553(90)90215-E

S. Cohen, D. Gerding, S. Johnson, M. Kelly, C. Loo et al., Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) ?. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, pp.431-55, 2010.

F. Lessa, C. Gould, and L. Mcdonald, Current Status of Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.32, issue.1, pp.65-70, 2012.
DOI : 10.1086/657633

A. Davies, A. Roberts, C. Shone, and K. Acharya, Super toxins from a super bug: structure and function of Clostridium difficile toxins, Biochemical Journal Jun, vol.15436, issue.3, pp.517-543, 2011.

C. Kelly and J. Lamont, ??? More Difficult Than Ever, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.359, issue.18, pp.1932-1972, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra0707500

C. Eckert and F. Barbut, Infections à Clostridium difficile. médecine/sciences, Feb, vol.1526, issue.2, pp.153-161, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491841

A. Shen, <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxins: Mediators of Inflammation, Journal of Innate Immunity, vol.103, issue.2, pp.149-58, 2012.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0604725103

J. Ng, S. Hirota, O. Gross, Y. Li, A. Ulke-lemee et al., Clostridium difficile Toxin???Induced Inflammation and Intestinal Injury Are Mediated by the Inflammasome, Gastroenterology, vol.139, issue.2, pp.542-552, 2010.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.005

I. Jarchum, M. Liu, L. Lipuma, and E. Pamer, ABSTRACT, Infection and Immunity, vol.79, issue.4, pp.1498-503, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.01196-10

J. Shim, S. Johnson, M. Samore, D. Bliss, and D. Gerding, Primary symptomless colonisation by Clostridium difficile and decreased risk of subsequent diarrhoea. Lancet, Feb, vol.28351, issue.9103, pp.633-639, 1998.

L. Kyne, M. Warny, A. Qamar, and C. Kelly, Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet, pp.189-93, 2001.

F. Zar, S. Bakkanagari, K. Moorthi, and M. Davis, A Comparison of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea, Stratified by Disease Severity, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.343, issue.26, pp.302-309, 2007.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200012283432604

S. Kawamoto, K. Horton, and E. Fishman, Pseudomembranous Colitis: Spectrum of Imaging Findings with Clinical and Pathologic Correlation, RadioGraphics, vol.19, issue.4, pp.887-97, 1999.
DOI : 10.1148/radiographics.19.4.g99jl07887

V. Masciullo, S. Mainenti, D. Lorusso, P. Margariti, and G. Scambia, Lethal Clostridium difficile Colitis Associated with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Chemotherapy in Ovarian Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature, Obstetrics and Gynecology International, vol.2010, pp.1-3, 2010.

M. Bulusu, S. Narayan, K. Shetler, and G. Triadafilopoulos, Leukocytosis as a harbinger and surrogate marker of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with diarrhea, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.86, issue.3
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199401273300406

V. Loo, L. Poirier, M. Miller, M. Oughton, M. Libman et al., ???Associated Diarrhea with High Morbidity and Mortality, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.353, issue.23, pp.2442-2451, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa051639

A. Anand and A. Glatt, Clostridium difficile Infection Associated with Antineoplastic Chemotherapy: A Review, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.17, issue.1, pp.109-122, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/17.1.109

S. Miller and H. Koornhof, Clostridium difficile colitis associated with the use of antineoplastic agents, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.143, issue.1, pp.10-13, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/143.1.42

M. Chamorro, R. , S. Blanch, R. , M. Vidal et al., Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, Clinical and Translational Oncology, vol.99, issue.2, pp.258-61, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)45635-5

M. Emoto, T. Kawarabayashi, M. Hachisuga, F. Eguchi, and K. Shirakawa, Clostridium difficileColitis Associated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients, Gynecologic Oncology, vol.61, issue.3, pp.369-72, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/gyno.1996.0158

J. Ansari, B. Choo, and I. Fernando, Fatal Clostridium difficile infection associated with vinorelbine chemotherapy: case report and literature review, Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, vol.16, issue.3, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10156-010-0041-0

B. Jarvis and Y. Shevchuk, Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea associated with mitoxantrone and etoposide: a case report and review, Pharmacotherapy, 1997.

A. Chang, L. Hui, R. Asbury, L. Boros, G. Garrow et al., Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) in metastatic and refractory breast cancer, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, vol.44, issue.0, pp.26-28, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002800051113

A. Ramos, V. Martínez-taboada, C. Fito, V. Rodriguéz-valverde, and V. Martínez-taboacla, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in rheumatoid arthritis patients who are receiving therapy with low-dose chlorambucil, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.17, issue.11, pp.2090-2091, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/17.1.109

H. Tsujimura, C. Sakai, A. Ishii, T. Takagi, and K. Kumagai, Fatal Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis during CHOP Therapy for Lymphoma: An Autopsy Case, Internal Medicine, vol.46, issue.7, pp.401-405, 2007.
DOI : 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.6072

URL : https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/46/7/46_7_401/_pdf

T. Chopra, G. Alangaden, and P. Chandrasekar, Clostridium difficile infection in cancer patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2010.

M. Gorschlüter, A. Glasmacher, C. Hahn, F. Schakowski, C. Ziske et al., Infection in Patients with Neutropenia, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.6, pp.786-91, 2001.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0404.980412

E. Castagnola, T. Battaglia, R. Bandettini, I. Caviglia, I. Baldelli et al., Clostridium difficile-associated disease in children with solid tumors. Support Care Cancer, 2009.

B. D. , S. S. , E. G. , M. A. Bradbury-r, and S. M. , A prospective study of Clostridium difficile infection and colonization in pediatric oncology patients, Journal, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1131-1135, 1997.

T. Sandora, M. Fung, K. Flaherty, L. Helsing, P. Scanlon et al., Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Infection in Children, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol.30, issue.7, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/INF.0b013e31820bfb29

E. Tai, L. Richardson, T. J. Howard, E. Mcdonald, and L. , Clostridium difficile Infection Among Children With Cancer, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol.30, issue.7, pp.610-612, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/INF.0b013e31820970d1

T. Sanchez, J. Brooks, P. Sullivan, M. Juhasz, E. Mintz et al., Bacterial Diarrhea in Persons with HIV Infection, United States, 1992-2002, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.179, issue.6, pp.1621-1628, 1992.
DOI : 10.1086/314749

A. Thibault, M. Miller, and C. Gaese, Risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhea during a hospital outbreak, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 1991.

D. Bliss, S. Johnson, K. Savik, C. Clabots, K. Willard et al., Acquisition of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Tube Feeding, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.129, issue.12, pp.1012-1021, 1998.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00004

S. Shah, A. Lewis, D. Leopold, F. Dunstan, and K. Woodhouse, Gastric acid suppression does not promote clostridial diarrhoea in the elderly, QJM, vol.93, issue.3, pp.175-81, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/qjmed/93.3.175

J. Ticehurst, D. Aird, L. Dam, A. Borek, J. Hargrove et al., Effective Detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile by a Two-Step Algorithm Including Tests for Antigen and Cytotoxin, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.44, issue.3, pp.1145-1154, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.44.3.1145-1149.2006

L. Mcdonald, M. Owings, and D. Jernigan, Infection in Patients Discharged from US Short-stay Hospitals, 1996???20031, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.12, issue.3, pp.409-424, 2006.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1205.051064

B. Miller, L. Chen, D. Sexton, and D. Anderson, Comparison of the Burdens of Hospital-Onset, Healthcare Facility-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection and of Healthcare-Associated Infection due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Community Hospitals, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol.32, issue.04, pp.387-90, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/430311

M. Pokorn, A. Radsel, M. Cizman, M. Jereb, P. Karner et al., SEVERE CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE???ASSOCIATED DISEASE IN CHILDREN, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol.27, issue.10, pp.944-950, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181723d32

M. Zilberberg, G. Tillotson, and C. Mcdonald, Infections among Hospitalized Children, United States, 1997???2006, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.4, pp.604-613, 1997.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1604.090680

K. Chen, D. Stephens, E. Anderson, R. Acton, D. Saltzman et al., Clostridium difficile infection in the pediatric surgery population, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol.47, issue.7, pp.1385-1394, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.12.001

H. El-mahallawy, N. El-din, F. Salah, M. El-arousy, and S. El-naga, Epidemiologic profile of symptomatic gastroenteritis in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer, pp.338-380, 2004.

I. Schuller, V. Saha, L. Lin, J. Kingston, T. Eden et al., Investigation and management of Clostridium difficile colonisation in a paediatric oncology unit., Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol.72, issue.3, 1995.
DOI : 10.1136/adc.72.3.219

W. Alston and J. Ahern, Increase in the rate of nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea during shortages of piperacillin-tazobactam and piperacillin, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.53, issue.3, pp.549-50, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkh127

D. Musher, S. Aslam, N. Logan, S. Nallacheru, I. Bhaila et al., Relatively Poor Outcome after Treatment of Clostridium difficile Colitis with Metronidazole, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.22, issue.3, pp.1586-90, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.71.3.1608-1610.2003

M. Wilcox and R. Howe, : response time for treatment with metronidazole and vancomycin, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.36, issue.4, pp.673-682, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/36.4.673

T. Louie, M. Miller, K. Mullane, K. Weiss, A. Lentnek et al., Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridium difficile Infection, New England Journal of Medicine Feb, vol.3364, issue.5, pp.422-453, 2011.

O. Cornely, D. Crook, R. Esposito, A. Poirier, M. Somero et al., Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial, The Lancet Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2012 Feb, pp.1473-309970374
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70374-7

D. Musher, N. Logan, A. Bressler, D. Johnson, and J. Rossignol, Nitazoxanide versus vancomycin in Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized, double-blind study, Clin. Infect. Dis. Feb, vol.1548, issue.4, pp.41-46, 2009.

S. Johnson, C. Schriever, M. Galang, C. Kelly, and D. Gerding, Interruption of Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea Episodes by Serial Therapy with Vancomycin and Rifaximin, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.46, issue.4, pp.846-854, 2007.
DOI : 10.1159/000007297

C. Wenisch, B. Parschalk, M. Hasenhündl, A. Hirschl, and W. Graninger, Comparison of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Metronidazole, and Fusidic Acid for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile--Associated Diarrhea, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.22, issue.5, pp.813-821, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/22.5.813

A. Bourgault, F. Lamothe, V. Loo, and L. Poirier, In Vitro Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile Clinical Isolates from a Multi-Institutional Outbreak in Southern Quebec, Canada, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.10, pp.3473-3478, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00479-06

T. Noren, M. Wullt, T. Akerlund, E. Back, I. Odenholt et al., Frequent Emergence of Resistance in Clostridium difficile during Treatment of C. difficile-Associated Diarrhea with Fusidic Acid, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.9, pp.3028-3060, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00019-06

B. Herpers, B. Vlaminckx, O. Burkhardt, H. Blom, H. Biemond-moeniralam et al., Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.48, issue.12, pp.1732-1737, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/599224

J. Bartlett, New antimicrobial agents for patients with Clostridium difficile infections, Current Infectious Disease Reports, vol.36, issue.Pt2, pp.21-29, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/141.1.92

I. Critchley, L. Green, C. Young, J. Bullard, R. Evans et al., Spectrum of activity and mode of action of REP3123, a new antibiotic to treat Clostridium difficile infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.52, issue.8, pp.954-63, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00342-08

C. Mascio, L. Mortin, K. Howland, V. Praagh, A. Zhang et al., In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of CB-183,315, a Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotic for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy [Internet], 2012.

M. Moncino and J. Falletta, Multiple Relapses of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in a Cancer Patient Successful Control with Long-Term Cholestyramine Therapy, Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, vol.14, issue.4, pp.361-365, 1992.
DOI : 10.1097/00043426-199211000-00015

T. Louie, J. Peppe, C. Watt, D. Johnson, R. Mohammed et al., Tolevamer, a Novel Nonantibiotic Polymer, Compared with Vancomycin in the Treatment of Mild to Moderately Severe Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.366, issue.9491, pp.411-431, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67420-X

M. Kotowska, P. Albrecht, and H. Szajewska, Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol.46, issue.1, pp.583-90, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5340-5343.2003

A. Pillai and R. Nelson, Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol.51, issue.6, p.4611, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkg254

L. Mcfarland, C. Surawicz, R. Greenberg, R. Fekety, G. Elmer et al., A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in Combination With Standard Antibiotics for Clostridium difficile Disease, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.271, issue.24, pp.1913-1921, 1994.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1994.03510480037031

I. Castagliuolo, M. Riegler, L. Valenick, J. Lamont, and C. Pothoulakis, Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin a and b-induced effects in human colonic mucosa, Gastroenterology, vol.114, issue.1, pp.302-309, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)83862-6

J. Thygesen, H. Glerup, and B. Tarp, Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia caused by treatment with a probioticum Available from, BMJ Case Rep, vol.2012, 2012.

A. Mehta, S. Rangarajan, and U. Borate, A cautionary tale for probiotic use in hematopoietic SCT patients???Lactobacillus acidophilus sepsis in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma undergoing hematopoietic SCT, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.3, issue.3, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.019

G. Russell, J. Kaplan, M. Ferraro, and I. Michelow, Fecal Bacteriotherapy for Relapsing Clostridium difficile Infection in a Child: A Proposed Treatment Protocol, PEDIATRICS, vol.126, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2009-3363

M. Abougergi and J. Kwon, Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection: A Review, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol.44, issue.Suppl 2, pp.19-26, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91781-X

S. Mcpherson, C. Rees, R. Ellis, S. Soo, and S. Panter, Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Severe, Refractory, and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Diarrhea, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.49, issue.5, pp.640-645, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10350-006-0511-8

I. Lowy, D. Molrine, B. Leav, B. Blair, R. Baxter et al., Toxins, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.362, issue.3, pp.197-205, 2010.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0907635

S. Péchiné, C. Janoir, H. Boureau, A. Gleizes, N. Tsapis et al., Diminished intestinal colonization by Clostridium difficile and immune response in mice after mucosal immunization with surface proteins of Clostridium difficile. Vaccine, pp.3946-54, 2007.

F. Lamontagne, A. Labbé, O. Haeck, O. Lesur, M. Lalancette et al., Impact of Emergency Colectomy on Survival of Patients With Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis During an Epidemic Caused by a Hypervirulent Strain, Annals of Surgery, vol.245, issue.2, pp.267-72, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.sla.0000236628.79550.e5

A. Simon, R. Ammann, U. Bode, G. Fleischhack, H. Wenchel et al., Healthcare-associated infections in pediatric cancer patients: results of a prospective surveillance study from university hospitals in Germany and Switzerland, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.19, issue.3, p.70, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idc.2005.05.002

S. Oskarsdóttir, L. Mellander, I. Márky, and S. Seeberg, Clostridium Difficile in Children with Malignant Disease, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, vol.151, issue.3, pp.269-72, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-5379(85)90008-2

W. Goldman, A. Avicolli, and S. Lutwick, Clostridium difficile colitis, N. Engl. J. Med. Jun, vol.16330, issue.24, p.1755, 1994.

L. Benson, X. Song, J. Campos, and N. Singh, Conclusion., Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol.71, issue.11, pp.1233-1238, 2007.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00012

E. Dubberke, K. Reske, Y. Yan, M. Olsen, L. Mcdonald et al., Clostridium difficile--Associated Disease in a Setting of Endemicity: Identification of Novel Risk Factors, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.28, issue.2, pp.1543-1552, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/511793

M. Wolfhagen, K. Meijer, A. Fluit, R. Torensma, R. Bruinsma et al., Clinical significance of Clostridium difficile and its toxins in faeces of immunocompromised children., Gut, vol.35, issue.11, pp.1608-1620, 1994.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.35.11.1608

G. Brito, G. Sullivan, W. Ciesla, . Jr, H. Carper et al., Toxin A Alters In Vitro???Adherent Neutrophil Morphology and Function, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.185, issue.9, pp.1297-306, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/340236

N. Modi, N. Gulati, K. Solomon, T. Monaghan, A. Robins et al., Differential Binding and Internalization of Clostridium difficile Toxin A by Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes, Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol.357, issue.3, pp.264-71, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03592-3

K. Garey, S. Sethi, Y. Yadav, and H. Dupont, Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.70, issue.4, pp.298-304, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.08.012

V. Morinville and J. Mcdonald, Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea in 200 Canadian Children, Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.19, issue.8, pp.497-501, 2005.
DOI : 10.1155/2005/326296

V. Morinville and J. Mcdonald, Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea in 200 Canadian Children, Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.19, issue.8, pp.497-501, 2005.
DOI : 10.1155/2005/326296

URL : http://doi.org/10.1155/2005/326296

L. Mcfarland, G. Elmer, and C. Surawicz, Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.78, issue.7, pp.1769-75, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2762-2765.2001

D. Drekonja, M. Butler, R. Macdonald, D. Bliss, G. Filice et al., Treatments, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.155, issue.12, pp.839-886, 2011.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-155-12-201112200-00007

A. 5. Classification, L. De, and . Mucite, Classification d'après l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 1979.