W. Barth, G. Guerif, J. Padet, J. Chabanon, L. et al., Prolapsus rectal et incontinence anale associée, C, vol.81, pp.245-248, 1985.

S. Fan, J. , A. , and J. , Rectal prolapse. Surgical treatment and functionnal outcome, Coloproctology, vol.Il, pp.358-363, 1989.

K. Jc, Treatment of complete rectal prolapse : to narrow, to wrap , to suspend, to encirele, to plicate or to resect?, World J Surg, vol.16, pp.826-830, 1992.

A. Parks, Anorectal incontinence, Proc ofthe Roy Soc Med, vol.68, pp.681-690, 1975.

A. Parks, M. Swash, and H. Urich, Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse., Gut, vol.18, issue.8, pp.656-665, 1977.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.18.8.656

F. Marchal, Trouble de la statique rectale; Etude d'une série chirurgicale, p.170, 1995.

D. Gallot and P. Lehur, Troubles de la statique rectale de l'adulte: Rapport présenté au 104e Congrès français de chirurgie. Paris , 3-5 octobre 2002, Monographie de l'Association Française de Chirurgie, Amette, vol.188, 2002.

P. Chapuis, L. Bokey, M. Fahrer, G. Sinclair, and N. Bogduk, Mobilization of the Rectum, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.45, issue.1, pp.1-9, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10350-004-6104-5

A. Richardson, The Rectovaginal Septum Revisited: Its Relationship to Rectocele and Its Importance in Rectocele Repair, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.976-983, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00003081-199312000-00022

A. Mellgren, S. Bremmer, C. Johansson, A. Dolk, R. Uden et al., Defecography, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.37, issue.11, pp.1133-1141, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02049817

J. Stoker, S. Halligan, and C. Bartam, Pelvic Floor Imaging, Radiology, vol.218, issue.3, pp.621-641, 2001.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.218.3.r01mr26621

J. Fleshman, D. Kodner, and R. Fry, Internal intussusception of the rectum a changing perspective, Neth J Surg, vol.41, pp.145-148, 1989.

F. Lazorthes, A. Liagre, and F. Iovino, Prolapsus rectal, J Chir, vol.137, pp.76-81, 2000.

V. Tets, W. Kuijpers, and J. , Internal rectal intussusception???Fact or fancy?, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.38, issue.10, pp.1080-1083, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02133982

E. Mackle and T. Parks, Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: Aetiology, Investigation and Management, Digestive Diseases, vol.8, issue.5, pp.294-304, 1990.
DOI : 10.1159/000171261

P. Shorvon, S. Mchugh, N. Diamant, S. Somers, and G. Stevenson, Defecography in normal volunteers: results and implications., Gut, vol.30, issue.12, pp.1737-1749, 1989.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.30.12.1737

F. Agac-han, J. Pfeifer, and S. Wexner, Defecography and proctography, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.39, issue.8, pp.899-905, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02053989

A. Parks, N. Porter, and J. Hardcastle, The syndrome of descending perineum, Proc of the Roy Soc Med, vol.59, issue.2, pp.477-525, 1966.

D. Bartolo, A. Roe, J. Virjee, N. Mortens-en, and L. Je, An analysis of rectal morphology in obstructed defaecation, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol.1, issue.Suppl, pp.17-22, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01649677

T. Thre, Intussusception of the rectum and the solitary ulcer syndrome, Ann Med, vol.22, pp.419-423, 1990.

K. Rutter and R. Riddell, The solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum, Clin Gastroenterol, vol.4, pp.505-530, 1975.

D. Fenner, Diagnosis and assessment of sigmoidoceles, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.175, issue.6, pp.1438-1441, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70087-X

A. Smith, Role of connective tissu e and muscle in pelvic floor dysfunction, CUIT Opin Obstet Gynecol, vol.6, pp.317-319, 1994.

P. Norton, Pelvic Floor Disorders: The Role of Fascia and Ligaments, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.926-938, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00003081-199312000-00017

J. Myllyharju and K. Kivirikko, Collagens and collagen-related diseases, Annals of Medicine, vol.317, issue.1, pp.7-21, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4736

S. Halligan, R. Nicholls, and C. Bartam, Evacuation proctography in patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: anatomic abnormalities and frequency of impaired emptying and prolapse., American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.164, issue.1, pp.91-95, 1995.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998576

M. Mal-ik, J. Stratton, and W. Sweeney, Rectal prolapse associated with bulimia nervosa, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.40, issue.11, pp.1382-138, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02050827

F. Beersiek, A. Parks, and M. Swash, Pathogenesis of ano-rectal incontinence, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.42, issue.1, pp.111-112, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-510X(79)90156-4

J. Hamel-roy, G. Devroede, P. Archan, L. Tetreault, A. Duranceau et al., Comparative Esophageal and Anorectal Motility in Scleroderma, Gastroenterology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(85)80124-4

J. Leighton, M. Valdovinos, J. Pemberton, D. Rath, and M. Camilleri, Anorectal dysfunction and rectal prolapse in progressive systemic sclerosis, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.36, issue.2, pp.182-185, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02051176

C. Johansson, B. Nilsson, B. Holmstrom, A. Dolk, and A. Mellgren, Association between rectocele and paradoxical sphincter response, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.35, issue.5, pp.503-509, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02049410

E. Mackle and T. Parks, The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of rectal prolapse and solitary ulcer syndrome, Clin Gastroenterol, vol.15, pp.985-1002, 1986.

A. Ryhammer, S. Laurberg, and A. Hermann, Long-term effect of vaginal deliveries on anorectal function in normal perimenopausal women, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.39, issue.8, pp.852-859, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02053982

K. Spettell and C. , The role of parity and hysterectomy on the development of pel vic floor abnormalities revealed by defecography, Am J Roentgenol, vol.169, pp.1555-1558, 1997.

K. Spettell and C. , Defecography : does parity play a role ln the development of rectal prolapse?, Eur J Radiol, vol.9, pp.450-453, 1999.

C. Hudson, Female genital prolapse and pelvic floor deficiency, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol.60, issue.3, pp.181-185, 1988.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1951.tb04075.x

J. Van-dam, M. Gosselink, A. Drogendijk, W. Hop, and W. Schouten, Changes in bowel function after hysterectomy, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.40, issue.11, pp.1342-1347, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02050820

B. Broden-band-snellman, Procidentia of the rectum studied with cineradiography : a contribution of causative mechanism, Dis Colon Rectum, vol.Il, pp.330-347, 1968.

P. Mathieu, J. Pringot, and P. Bodart, Defecography: I. Description of a new procedure and results in normal patients, Gastrointestinal Radiology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.247-272, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01887845

F. Poon, J. Lauder, and I. Finlay, Technical report: Evacuating proctography ??? A simplified technique, Clinical Radiology, vol.44, issue.2, pp.113-116, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9260(05)80508-2

F. Poon, J. Lauder, and I. Finlay, Perineal herniation, Clinical Radiology, vol.47, issue.1, pp.49-51, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9260(05)81214-0

M. Kasbool, C. Hauge, and M. Nielsen, Impaired rectal emptying caused by perineal herniation of the rectum: defaecographic demonstration using oblique projections, The British Journal of Radiology, vol.41, issue.782, pp.171-188, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01660711

D. Bartholo, N. Read, J. Jarrat, M. Read, T. Donelly et al., Differences in anal sphincter function and clinical presentation in patients with pel vic floor descent, Gastroenterology, vol.85, pp.68-75, 1983.

A. Mellgren, . Schultz-l, C. Johansson, and A. Dolk, Internal rectal intussusception seldom develops into total rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.40, issue.7, pp.817-820, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02055439

M. Pinho, K. Yoshioka, J. Ortiz, M. Oya, and M. Keighley, The effect of age on pelvic floor dynamics, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol.59, issue.4, pp.207-208, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00303277

E. Skomorowska, V. Hegedus, and J. Christiansen, Evaluation of perineal descent by defaecography, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol.12, issue.4, pp.191-194, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01660711

J. Jorge, S. Wexner, G. Geer, V. Salanga, N. Jl et al., Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.36, issue.7, pp.668-676, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02238594

P. Ahran, G. Devroede, B. Jehannin, M. Lanza, C. Faverdin et al., Segmental colonie transit time, Dis Colon Rectum, vol.24, pp.625-629, 1981.

R. Villet, J. Buzelin, L. F. Villet, and R. , Explorations fonctionnelles, Les troubles de la statique pelvi-périn éale de la femme, pp.57-97, 1995.

S. Chaussade, A. Gosselin, J. Hostein, M. Leman, and T. Ponsot, Détermination du temps de transit colique global et segmentaire dans une population de 96 volontaires sains, Gastroenterol Clin Biol, vol.14, pp.95-97, 1990.

P. Ducrotte, B. Rodomanska, and W. , Colonic transit time of radiopaque markers and rectoanal manometry in patients complaining of constipation, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.29, issue.10, pp.630-634, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02560322

A. Metcalf, S. Philipps, A. Zinsmeister, K. Mccarty, R. Beart et al., Simplified assessment of segmental colonic transit, Gastroenterology, vol.92, issue.1, pp.40-47, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-5085(87)90837-7

J. Watts, D. Rothenberger, G. Bul-s, and S. Goldberg, The management of procidentia, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.28, issue.2, pp.96-102
DOI : 10.1007/BF02552654

W. Kmiot, D. Sou-za, N. Zbar, and A. , Endorectal magnetic imagin g In Surgery of the colon and rectum, Churchill Livingstone, pp.135-139, 1997.

A. Yang, J. Mostwin, N. Rozensh, and E. Zerhouni, Pelvic floor descent in women: dynamic evaluation with fast MR imaging and cinematic display., Radiology, vol.179, issue.1, pp.25-33, 1991.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.179.1.2006286

R. Kruyt, J. Delemare, J. Doombos, and H. Vogel, Normal anorectum: dynamic MR imaging anatomy., Radiology, vol.179, issue.1, pp.159-163, 1991.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.179.1.2006269

J. Delemare, R. Kruyt, J. Doombos, M. Bu-yze-westerweel, and J. Trimbos, Anterior rectocele:, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.37, issue.3, pp.249-259, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02048163

A. Lienemann, A. Anthuber, A. Baro, P. Kohz, and M. Reiser, Dynamic MR colpocystorectography assessing pelvic-floor descent, European Radiology, vol.7, issue.8, pp.1309-1310, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s003300050294

D. Vanbeckevoort, L. Van-hoe, R. Oyen, E. Ponette, D. De-ridder et al., Pelvic floor descent in females: Comparative study of colpocystodefecography and dynamic fast MR imaging, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.34, issue.3, pp.373-377, 1999.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.179.1.2006286

H. Kaufman, J. Buller, J. Thompson, H. Pannu, S. De-meester et al., Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and cystocolpoproctography alter surgical management of pelvic floor disorders, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.44, issue.11, pp.1575-1584, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02234374

M. Keighley and J. Fielding, Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment, British Journal of Surgery, vol.69, issue.8, pp.463-468, 1983.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800700806

M. Keighley and D. Matheson, Results of treatment for rectal prolapse and fecal incontinence, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.24, issue.6, pp.44-53, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02626780

D. Gallot, P. Honi-gman, I. , C. Ard, X. Seze-ur et al., Rectopexie selon Orr-Loygue dans le prolapsus total du rectum, Annales de Chirurgie, vol.125, issue.1, pp.40-44, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0001-4001(00)99114-1

R. Mollen, J. Kuij-pers, V. Hoek, and F. , Effects of rectal mobilization and lateral ligaments division on colonic and anorectal function, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.43, issue.9, pp.1283-1284, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02237437

A. Arninev and J. Malysher, Rectal prolaps e, Am J Pro ctol, vol.15, pp.355-390, 1964.

J. Briel, W. Schouten, and M. Boerma, Long-term results of suture rectopexy in patients with fecal incontinence associated with incomplete rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.40, issue.10, pp.1228-1232, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02055169

A. Husa, P. Sainio, V. Smitten, and K. , Abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Fryckman-Goldberg operation) for rectal prolapse, Acta Chir Scand, vol.154, pp.22-23, 1988.

O. Jones, N. Smeulders, . Wiseman-0, and R. Miller, Lateral ligaments of the rectum: an anatomical study, British Journal of Surgery, vol.50, issue.4, pp.487-489, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2168.1997.02826.x

C. Küpfer and G. Je, One hundred consecutive cases of complete prolapse of the rectum treated by operation, British Journal of Surgery, vol.55, issue.7, pp.481-487, 1970.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800570702

G. Blatchford, R. Perry, A. Thorson, and M. Chrïstensen, Rectopexy without resection for rectal prolapse, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.158, issue.6, pp.574-576, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90196-7

J. Loygue and G. Cerbonnet, Traitement chirurgical du prolapsus total du rectum par rectopexie selon le procédé d'Orr, Mem Acad Chir, vol.83, pp.325-329, 1957.

J. Dulucq, Traitement des prolapsus du rectum par laparos copie Encycl Med Chir , Techniques chirurgicales -Appareil digestif, pp.40-771, 1998.

R. Douard and R. Parc, Etude des résultats fonctionnels après intervention d'Orr- Loygue pour prolapsus total du rectum, 1999.

J. Loygue, M. Huguier, M. Malafosse, and H. Bitois, Complete prolapse of the rectum a report on 140 cases treated by rectopexy, British Journal of Surgery, vol.171, issue.11, pp.847-848, 1971.
DOI : 10.1001/archsurg.1965.01320090015004

J. Loygue, B. Nordlinger, C. 0. Malafosse, M. Huguet, C. Parc et al., Rectopexy to the promontory for the treatment of rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.27, issue.6, pp.356-359, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02552998

. Sielezneff-l, J. Bulgare, B. Sastre, and J. Sarles, Résultats du traitement chirurgical du prolapsus rectal extériorisé de l'adulte. Une expérience de 21 ans, Ann Chir, vol.49, pp.396-402, 1995.

C. Ripstein, Treatment of massive rectal prolapse, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.83, issue.1, pp.68-70, 1952.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9610(52)90161-X

C. Ripstein, Surgical care of massive rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.8, issue.1, pp.34-38, 1965.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02617037

J. Mcmahan and C. Ripstein, Rectal prolapse an update on the rectal sling procedure, Am Surg, vol.53, pp.37-40, 1987.

J. Lechaux, Traitement du prolapsus rectal complet de l'adulte. Encycl Med Chir, Techniques chirurgicales -Appareil digestif, pp.40-710, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/s0246-0424(02)00042-0

P. Aitola, K. Hiltunen, and M. Matikainen, Functional results of operative treatment of rectal prolapse over an 11-year period, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.42, issue.5, pp.655-660, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02234145

J. Mccue and J. Thomson, Clinical and functional results of abdominal rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse, British Journal of Surgery, vol.21, issue.8, pp.921-923, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800780808

G. Duthie and B. Dce, Abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse: a comparison of techniques, British Journal of Surgery, vol.76, issue.2, pp.107-113, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800790205

G. Costa-lat, J. Garrigues, F. Dravet, P. Noël, P. Lopez et al., Rectopexie antéropostérieure pour troubles de la statique rectale. Résultats cliniques et radiologiques

R. Theuerkauf, O. H. Beahrs, and H. J. , Rectal Prolapse, Annals of Surgery, vol.171, issue.6, pp.819-823, 1970.
DOI : 10.1097/00000658-197006010-00002

R. Schlinkert, R. Beart, B. Wolff, and J. Pemberton, Anterior resection for complete rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.28, issue.6, pp.409-413, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02560226

W. Cirocco and A. Brown, Anterior resection for the treatment of rectal prolapse : a 20 year experience, Am Surg, vol.59, pp.265-269, 1993.

R. Nicholls and A. Banerjee, Rectal prolapse and the solitary ulcer syndrome Surgery of the colon and rectum, Churchill Livingstone, pp.709-738, 1997.

H. Frykman and S. Goldberg, The surgical treatment of rectal procidentia, Surg Gynecol Obstet, vol.129, pp.1225-1230, 1969.

R. Madoff, J. Williams, W. Wong, D. Rothenberger, and S. Goldberg, Longterm functional results of colon resection and rectopexy for overt rectal prolapse, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.57, pp.101-104, 1992.

D. Kim, C. Tsang, W. Wong, A. Lowry, S. Goldberg et al., Complete rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.42, issue.4, pp.460-466, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02234167

S. Athanasiadas, J. Weygand, I. Heiligers, L. Heumuller, and L. Barthelmes, The risk of infection of three synthetic materials used in rectopexy with or without colonie resection for rectal prolapse, Int J Colorectal Dis, vol.Il, pp.42-44, 1996.

S. Fan, J. Pinho, M. Alexander-williams, J. Keighley, and M. , Sutured posterior abdominal rectopexy with sigmoidectomy compared with Marlex rectopexy for rectal prolapse, Br J Surg, vol.77, pp.143-145, 1990.

P. Luukkonen, D. Mikkonen, and H. Jarvinen, Abdominal rectopexy with sigmoidectomy vs. rectopexy alone for rectal prolapse: A prospective, randomized study, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol.33, issue.4, pp.219-222, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00341225

A. Cuschieri, S. Shimi, V. Velpen, G. Banting, S. Wood et al., Laparoscopic prosthesis fixation rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse, British Journal of Surgery, vol.79, issue.1, pp.138-139, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800810150

R. Ratelle, S. Vollant, A. Péloquin, and D. Gravel, La rectopexie au promontoire (Orr- Loygue) dans le prolapsus rectal : approche coelioscopique ou chirurgie conventionnelle, Ann Chir, vol.48, pp.679-684, 1994.

A. Darzi, M. Henry, P. Guillou, P. Shorvon, and J. Monson, Stapled laparoscopie rectopexy for rectal prolapse, Surg Endosc, vol.9, pp.301-303, 1995.

A. Poen, D. Brauw, M. Felt-bersma, R. , D. Jong et al., Laparoscopic rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.10, issue.9, pp.904-908, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00188480

S. Ml and A. Eyers, Laparoscopie rectopexy using mesh fixation with a spiked chromium staple, Dis Colon Rectum, vol.39, pp.279-281, 1996.

A. Steve-nson, R. El, W. Lurnley, and I. , Laparoscopic-as sisted resectionrectopexy for rectal prolapse : Earl y and medium follow -up, Dis Colon Rectum, vol.4, issue.1, pp.46-54, 1998.

H. Kessler, B. Jerby, and I. Milsom, Successful treatment of rectal prolapse by laparoscopic suture rectopexy, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.13, issue.9, pp.858-861, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004649901119

F. Caronia, E. Cort-ese, and H. Mo-sni-er, Laparoscopie rectopexy : our experience in the treatment of complete rectal pro1apse, G Chir, vol.20, pp.311-342, 1999.

J. Himpens, G. Cadi-Ère, J. Bruyns, and M. Vertruyen, Laparoscopic rectopexy according to Wells, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.13, issue.2, pp.139-140, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004649900923

P. Boc-casanta, R. Rosati, M. Venturi, D. Cioffi, D. Simone et al., Surgical Treatment of Complete Rectal Prolapse: Results of Abdominal and Perineal Approaches, Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol.9, issue.3, pp.235-238, 1999.
DOI : 10.1089/lap.1999.9.235

K. Il-l, J. Vironen, and T. Scheinin, Laparoscopie repair of rectal prolapse : a prospective stud y evaluating surgical outcome and changes in symptoms and bowel function, Surg Endosc, vol.14, pp.63-67, 2000.

S. Heah, J. Hartley, J. Hurley, G. Duthie, and R. Monson, Laparoscopic suture rectopexy without resection is effective treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.43, issue.5, pp.638-643, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02235579

M. Kairaluoma, M. Viljakka, and K. Oe, Open vs. Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.46, issue.3, pp.353-360, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s10350-004-6555-8

G. Ballantyne, Robotic surgery, telerobotic surgery, telepresence, and telemonitoring, Surg Endosc, vol.25, pp.1389-1402, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00464-001-8283-7

G. Cadière and J. Himpens, Germay 0 , et al. Feasibility of robotic laparoscopie surgery : 146 cases, World J Surg, vol.200, issue.25, pp.1467-1468

. Horgan-sand and D. Vanuno, Robots in laparoscopie surgery, J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech, vol.200, issue.1, pp.4-15

M. Hashizume, M. Shimada, and M. Tomikawa, Early experiences of endoscopic procedures in general surgery assisted by a computer-enhanced surgical system, Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques, vol.16, issue.8, pp.1187-119, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s004640080154

M. Talamani, K. Campbell, and C. Stanfield, Robotic Gastrointestinal Surgery: Early Experience and System Description, Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol.12, issue.4, pp.225-232, 2002.
DOI : 10.1089/109264202760267970

W. Melvin, B. Needleman, and K. Krause, Computer-enhanced robotic telesurgery, Surgical Endoscopy, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1790-1792, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00464-001-8192-9

I. Lechaux, D. Lechaux, and M. Perez, Results of Delorme's procedure for rectal prolapse, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.38, issue.3, pp.301-307, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02055608

S. Tobin and S. Lli, Delorme operation for rectal prolapse, British Journal of Surgery, vol.34, issue.11, pp.1681-1697, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)44685-2

A. Watts and M. Thomp-son, Evaluation of Delorme's procedure as a treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse, British Journal of Surgery, vol.78, issue.2, pp.218-222, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.1800780808

J. Lechaux, P. Atienza, E. Husson, D. Lechaux, and B. , Traitement du prolapsus rectal complet par rectopexie au plancher pelvien avec prothèse et résection du sigmoïde. Résultats anatomo-cliniques d'une étude prospecti ve, Chiru rgie, vol.123, issue.1, pp.35-36, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0001-4001(98)80004-4

P. Lehur, V. Guiberteau-canfrere, S. Bruley-des-varannes, J. Moyon, L. Borgne et al., Rect opexie sacrée -sigmoïdectornie dans le traitement du syndrome du prolap sus rectal, Gastroenterol Clin Biol, vol.20, pp.172-177, 1996.

I. Bennan, Sutureless laparoscopie rectopexy for procidentia, Dis Colon Rectum, vol.35, pp.689-693, 1992.

C. Prof-esseu-r, . Burlet, . De, . These, . Le et al., INTRODUCTION: Le but de cette étude rétrospective est de montrer l'évolution du traitement du prolapsus total du rectum (PTR) sur deux périod es différentes. PATIENTS ET METHODES: Nous avons inclus et comparé les résultats de tous les patients opérés dans le service pour un PTR entre le 1er jan vier 1978 et le 31 décembre 1993 et entre le l " janvier 1995 et le 31 décembre RESULTATS: Cinquante quatre patients ont été opérés d'un PTR durant la première période, Nous avons réalisé 24 Delorme et 30, pp.20-94, 2002.

. Loygue, Soixante sept patients ont été opérés d'un PTR, 52 femmes et 9 hommes durant la seconde période, d'âge moyen était de 62 ans (21-93) Nous avons réalisé 35 Delorme

. Frykman-goldberg and 8. La-mortalité-dans-le-groupe-delorme-Était-respectivement-de, La mortalité était nulle pour les groupes Orr-Loygue et Frykman-Goldberg. La Morbidité était respectivement de 4% (1) et 26% (9) dans le groupe Delorme10) dans le groupe Orr-Loygue, et de 18% (2) dans le groupe Frykman-Goldberg. Aucun patient sur les deux périodes de l'étude dans le groupe Delorme ne présentait l'apparition ou l'aggravation d'une constipation, Loygue, ces chiffres étaient respecti vement de 10% (3) et 33% (6), et de 9% après un Frykman-Golberg. Le taux de récidive était respectivement de 25% (6) et 40% (14) dans le groupe Delorme, de 10% (3) et nul dans le groupe Orr-Loygue, et nul dans le groupe Frykman-Goldberg. CONCLUSION: L'intervention de Delorme doit être réservée aux sujets récusés pour une voie abdominale. Si le patient est incontinent et opérable par voie haute, nous choisissons une intervention d'Orr-Loygue. S'il est constipé, nous préférons réaliser une intervention de Frykman- Goldberg. Ces deux dernières techniques sont réalisables par laparoscopie et sous assistance robotisée, pp.13-17