.. Applications-cliniques, 81 C.2.2.1) Monitorage hémodynamique et respiratoire, ., p.83

S. Le and .. Vers-une-nouvelle-approche-multiparamétrique, 85 D.1) Développement et évolution du concept 85 D.1.1) L'étude princeps, Evolution du concept, p.91
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187550

N. Matériel and M. , 100 E.1) Objectifs de l'étude.. 100 E.2.1) Sélection des patients et définition de l'échantillon, 100 E.2.2) Procédure

J. Snow, Use of Chloroform, BMJ, vol.2, issue.1, pp.50-55, 1849.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.s2-1.1.50

R. Keenan and M. Sullivan, EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE, Survey of Anesthesiology, vol.22, issue.4, pp.650-65, 1977.
DOI : 10.1097/00132586-197808000-00018

K. F. , E. As, and P. G. , The grave spinal cord paralyses caused by spinal anesthesia, Surg Gynecol Obstet, vol.91, pp.385-98, 1950.

L. Js, Trends in anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, vol.11, pp.238-282, 1950.

B. Jj, Regional anesthesis in private practice, Anesthesiology, vol.21, pp.554-560, 1960.

G. Tc and W. F. , The development and use of muscle relaxants in the United Kingdom, Anesthesiology, vol.20, pp.519-548, 1959.

A. Guedel, Inhalation Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.16, issue.1, 1937.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-193701000-00041

D. Longrois, Monitorage de la profondeur de l'anesthésie.[Congrès national d''anesthésie et de réanimation, 2008.

E. John and L. Prichep, The Anesthetic Cascade, Anesthesiology, vol.102, issue.2, pp.447-71, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200502000-00030

G. Mashour, Consciousness Unbound, Anesthesiology, vol.100, issue.2, pp.428-461, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200402000-00035

L. Velly, M. Rey, and N. Bruder, Differential Dynamic of Action on Cortical and Subcortical Structures of Anesthetic Agents during Induction of Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.107, issue.2, pp.202-214, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.anes.0000270734.99298.b4

M. Pinsker, Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.65, issue.7, pp.819-839, 1986.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-198607000-00021

C. Prys-roberts, ANAESTHESIA: A PRACTICAL OR IMPRACTICAL CONSTRUCT?, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.59, issue.11, pp.1341-1346, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/59.11.1341

I. Kissin, General Anesthetic Action, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.76, issue.2, pp.215-223, 1993.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-199302000-00002

URL : http://pdfs.journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/1993/02000/General_Anesthetic_Action__An_Obsolete_Notion__.2.pdf?token=method|ExpireAbsolute;source|Journals;ttl|1506498673145;payload|mY8D3u1TCCsNvP5E421JYK6N6XICDamxByyYpaNzk7FKjTaa1Yz22MivkHZqjGP4kdS2v0J76WGAnHACH69s21Csk0OpQi3YbjEMdSoz2UhVybFqQxA7lKwSUlA502zQZr96TQRwhVlocEp/sJ586aVbcBFlltKNKo+tbuMfL73hiPqJliudqs17cHeLcLbV/CqjlP3IO0jGHlHQtJWcICDdAyGJMnpi6RlbEJaRheGeh5z5uvqz3FLHgPKVXJzdOHIHwDOSay4QvwGGy628kxAyigTJEWkDCNVCSNnT56M+icP/sYt/0wmkyL7qBwej;hash|JrJgNhrzawHW/H82ItoIsQ==

E. Eger, Age, Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration, and Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration-Awake, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.93, issue.4, pp.947-53, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000539-200110000-00029

T. Schnider, C. Minto, and S. Shafer, The Influence of Age on Propofol Pharmacodynamics, Anesthesiology, vol.90, issue.6, pp.1502-1518, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199906000-00003

B. Chortkoff, C. Gonsowski, and H. Bennett, Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and propofol suppress recall of emotionally charged information, Anesth Analg, vol.81, pp.728-764, 1995.

R. Veselis, R. Reinsel, V. Feshchenko, and M. Wronski, The Comparative Amnestic Effects of Midazolam, Propofol, Thiopental, and Fentanyl at Equisedative Concentrations, Anesthesiology, vol.87, issue.4, pp.749-64, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00007

R. Veselis, R. Reinsel, and B. Beattie, Midazolam Changes Cerebral Blood Flow in Discrete Brain Regions, Anesthesiology, vol.87, issue.5, pp.1106-1123, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199711000-00015

R. Veselis, R. Reinsel, V. Feshchenko, and A. Dnistrian, A Neuroanatomical Construct for the Amnesic Effects of Propofol, Anesthesiology, vol.97, issue.2, pp.329-366, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200208000-00008

J. Osterman, J. Hopper, and W. Heran, Awareness under anesthesia and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder???, General Hospital Psychiatry, vol.23, issue.4, pp.198-204, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00142-6

O. Nordstrom, A. Engstrom, S. Persson, and R. Sandin, Incidence of awareness in total i.v. anaesthesia based on propofol, alfentanil and neuromuscular blockade, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.76, issue.8, pp.978-84, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/76.5.699

D. Brice, R. Hetherington, and J. Utting, A SIMPLE STUDY OF AWARENESS AND DREAMING DURING ANAESTHESIA, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.42, issue.6, pp.535-577, 1970.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/42.6.535

M. Ghoneim, Awareness during Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.92, issue.2, pp.597-602, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200002000-00043

W. Liu, T. Thorp, S. Graham, and A. Aitkenhead, Incidence of awareness with recall during general anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, vol.61, issue.6, pp.435-442, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/42.6.535

M. Ghoneim and R. Block, Learning and consciousness during general anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.76, pp.279-305, 1992.

K. Domino, K. Posner, R. Caplan, and F. Cheney, Awareness during Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.90, issue.4, pp.1053-61, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199904000-00019

P. Myles, D. Williams, and M. Hendrata, Patient satisfaction after anaesthesia and surgery: results of a prospective survey of 10,811 patients, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.84, issue.1, pp.6-10, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013383

C. Leclerc, J. Gerard, and H. Bricard, M??morisation perop??ratoire.??valuation de l???incidence chez 326 patients au d??cours d???une anesth??sie g??n??rale, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.20, issue.7, pp.592-601, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0750-7658(01)00446-4

T. Kazama, K. Ikeda, and K. Morita, The Pharmacodynamic Interaction between Propofol and Fentanyl with Respect to the Suppression of Somatic or Hemodynamic Responses to Skin Incision, Peritoneum Incision, and Abdominal Wall Retraction, Anesthesiology, vol.89, issue.4, pp.894-906, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199810000-00014

P. Myles, K. Leslie, and J. Mcneil, Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial, The Lancet, vol.363, issue.9423, pp.1757-63, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16300-9

M. Avidan, L. Zhang, and B. Burnside, Anesthesia Awareness and the Bispectral Index, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.11, pp.1097-108, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0707361

J. Bruhn, P. Myles, R. Sneyd, and M. Struys, Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: what???s available, what???s validated and what???s next?, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.97, issue.1, pp.85-94, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael120

M. Roizen, R. Horrigan, and B. Frazer, Anesthetic Doses Blocking Adrenergic (Stress) and Cardiovascular Responses to Incision???MAC BAR, Anesthesiology, vol.54, issue.5, pp.390-398, 1981.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-198105000-00008

J. Desborough, The stress response to trauma and surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.85, issue.1, pp.109-126, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/85.1.109

L. Lidberg and B. Wallin, Sympathetic Skin Nerve Discharges in Relation to Amplitude of Skin Resistance Responses, Psychophysiology, vol.33, issue.3, pp.268-70, 1981.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb03033.x

H. Storm, K. Myre, and M. Rostrup, Skin conductance correlates with perioperative stress, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.26, issue.2, pp.887-95, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s001340051171

URL : http://www.med-storm.com/pdf/SCperioperativestress.pdf

H. Storm, M. Shafiei, K. Myre, and J. Raeder, Palmar skin conductance compared to a developed stress score and to noxious and awakening stimuli on patients in anaesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.18, issue.3, pp.798-803, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00951.x

T. Ledowski, J. Preuss, and A. Ford, New parameters of skin conductance compared with bispectral index ?? monitoring to assess emergence from total intravenous anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.99, issue.4, pp.547-51, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem189

T. Ledowski, J. Bromilow, and M. Paech, Skin conductance monitoring compared with Bispectral Index ?? to assess emergence from total i.v. anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.97, issue.6, pp.817-838, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael278

A. Gjerstad, H. Storm, and R. Hagen, Comparison of skin conductance with entropy during intubation, tetanic stimulation and emergence from general anaesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.80, issue.3, pp.8-15, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.00322.x

R. Spector, The pupils Clinical Methods: The History, Physical and Laboratory Examinations, pp.300-304, 1990.

M. Larson, D. Sessler, and M. Ozaki, Pupillary Assessment of Sensory Block Level during Combined Epidural/General Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.79, issue.1, pp.42-50, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199307000-00009

M. Larson, A. Kurz, and D. Sessler, Alfentanil Blocks Reflex Pupillary Dilation in Response to Noxious Stimulation But Does Not Diminish the Light Reflex, Anesthesiology, vol.87, issue.4, pp.849-55, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00019

K. Leslie, D. Sessler, and W. Smith, Prediction of Movement during Propofol/Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.52-63, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199601000-00006

L. Barvais, E. Engelman, and J. Eba, Effect site concentrations of remifentanil and pupil response to noxious stimulation, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.91, issue.3, pp.347-52, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aeg178

I. Constant, M. Nghe, and L. Boudet, Reflex pupillary dilatation in response to skin incision and alfentanil in children anaesthetized with sevoflurane: a more sensitive measure of noxious stimulation than the commonly used variables, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.96, issue.5, pp.614-623, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael073

I. Huybrechts, L. Barvais, and A. Ducart, Assessment of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia During General Anesthesia Using Pupillary Reflex Dilation: A Preliminary Study, Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol.20, issue.5, pp.664-671, 2006.
DOI : 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.04.004

B. Guignard, Monitoring analgesia, Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, vol.20, issue.1, pp.161-80, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpa.2005.09.002

R. Johnson and J. Shore, Wich is the better entropy expression for speech processing: S log S or log S? IEEE Trans Accoust 1 A, pp.129-166

J. Bruhn, H. Ropcke, and A. Hoeft, Approximate Entropy as an Electroencephalographic Measure of Anesthetic Drug Effect during Desflurane Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.92, issue.3, pp.715-741, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200003000-00016

C. Shannon and W. Warren, The mathematical theory of communication, 1949.

H. Viertio-oja, V. Maja, and M. Sarkela, Description of the Entropytm algorithm as applied in the Datex-Ohmeda S/5tm Entropy Module, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.7, issue.379, pp.154-61, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1016393904439

R. Ellerkmann, V. Liermann, and T. Alves, Spectral Entropy and Bispectral Index as Measures of the Electroencephalographic Effects of Sevoflurane, Anesthesiology, vol.101, pp.1275-82, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200412000-00006

A. Vanluchene, H. Vereecke, and O. Thas, Spectral Entropy as an Electroencephalographic Measure of Anesthetic Drug Effect, Anesthesiology, vol.101, issue.1, pp.34-42, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200407000-00008

A. Vakkuri, A. Yli-hankala, and R. Sandin, Spectral Entropy Monitoring Is Associated with Reduced Propofol Use and Faster Emergence in Propofol???Nitrous Oxide???Alfentanil Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.103, issue.2, pp.274-283, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200508000-00010

A. Vanluchene, M. Struys, B. Heyse, and E. Mortier, Spectral entropy measurement of patient responsiveness during propofol and remifentanil. A comparison with the bispectral index ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.93, issue.5, pp.645-54, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aeh251

I. Takamatsu, M. Ozaki, and T. Kazama, Entropy indices vs the bispectral index??? for estimating nociception during sevoflurane anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.96, issue.5, pp.620-626, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael050

M. Valjus, J. Ahonen, R. Jokela, and K. Korttila, Response Entropy??? is not more sensitive than State Entropy??? in distinguishing the use of esmolol instead of remifentanil in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.90, issue.1, pp.32-41, 2006.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-200102000-00014

A. Aho, A. Yli-hankala, L. Lyytikainen, and V. Jantti, Facial muscle activity, Response Entropy, and State Entropy indices during noxious stimuli in propofol???nitrous oxide or propofol???nitrous oxide???remifentanil anaesthesia without neuromuscular block, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.102, issue.2, pp.227-260, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aen356

V. Baughman, W. Hoffman, and H. Koenig, Recovery from Paralysis with Succinylcholine Increased Response Entropy and Emg but not State Entropy, Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, vol.97, issue.3, pp.201-206, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10877-005-3373-z

J. Evans, J. Bithell, and I. Vlachonikolis, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOWER OESOPHAGEAL CONTRACTILITY, CLINICAL SIGNS AND HALOTHANE CONCENTRATION DURING GENERAL ANAESTHESIA AND SURGERY IN MAN, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.59, issue.11, pp.1346-55, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/59.11.1346

D. Sessler, R. Stoen, C. Olofsson, and F. Chow, Lower Esophageal Contractility Predicts Movement during Skin Incision in Patients Anesthetized with Halothane, but Not with Nitrous Oxide and Alfentanil, Anesthesiology, vol.70, issue.1, pp.42-48, 1989.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-198901000-00010

P. Isaac and M. Rosen, LOWER OESOPHAGEAL CONTRACTILITY AND DETECTION OF AWARENESS DURING ANAESTHESIA ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.65, issue.3, pp.319-343, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/65.3.319

M. Appel, R. Berger, and J. Saul, Beat to beat variability in cardiovascular variables: Noise or music?, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.14, issue.5, pp.1139-1187, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90408-7

L. Cloarec-blanchard, Heart rate and blood pressure variability in cardiac diseases: pharmacological implications, Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, vol.33, issue.1, pp.19-28, 1997.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.83.4.1210

S. Akselrod, D. Gordon, and F. Ubel, Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control, Science, vol.213, issue.4504, pp.220-222, 1981.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6166045

D. Galletly and P. Larsen, Cardioventilatory coupling in heart rate variability: methods for qualitative and quantitative determination, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.87, issue.6, pp.827-860, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/87.6.827

H. Robbe, L. Mulder, and H. Ruddel, Assessment of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity by means of spectral analysis, Hypertension, vol.10, issue.5, pp.538-581, 1987.
DOI : 10.1161/01.HYP.10.5.538

V. Yeragani, E. Sobolewski, and V. Jampala, Fractal dimension and approximate entropy of heart period and heart rate: awake versus sleep differences and methodological issues, Clinical Science, vol.95, issue.3, pp.295-301, 1998.
DOI : 10.1042/cs0950295

V. Yeragani, K. Srinivasan, and S. Vempati, Fractal dimension of heart rate time series: an effective measure of autonomic function, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.75, issue.6, pp.2429-2467, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2429

J. Perkiomaki, T. Makikallio, and H. Huikuri, Fractal and Complexity Measures of Heart Rate Variability, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, vol.271, issue.3, pp.149-58, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00298.x

A. Schubert, J. Palazzolo, and J. Brum, Heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure during perioperative stressor events in abdominal surgery, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol.9, issue.1, pp.52-60, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0952-8180(96)00208-5

J. Sleigh and J. Donovan, Comparison of bispectral index, 95% spectral edge frequency and approximate entropy of the EEG, with changes in heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.82, issue.5, pp.666-71, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/82.5.666

M. Luginbuhl, H. Ypparila-wolters, and M. Rufenacht, Heart rate variability does not discriminate between different levels of haemodynamic responsiveness during surgical anaesthesia ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.98, issue.6, pp.728-764, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem085

M. Luginbuhl, F. Reichlin, and G. Sigurdsson, Prediction of the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: comparison of laser-Doppler skin vasomotor reflex and pulse wave reflex, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.89, issue.3, pp.389-97, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/89.3.389

M. Luginbuhl, M. Rufenacht, and I. Korhonen, Stimulation induced variability of pulse plethysmography does not discriminate responsiveness to intubation, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.96, issue.3, pp.323-332, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aei315

T. Ledowski, B. Bein, and R. Hanss, Neuroendocrine Stress Response and Heart Rate Variability: A Comparison of Total Intravenous Versus Balanced Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.101, pp.1700-1705, 2005.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000184041.32175.14

M. Rantanen, H. Ypparila-wolters, and M. Van-gils, Tetanic stimulus of ulnar nerve as a predictor of heart rate response to skin incision in propofol remifentanil anaesthesia

A. Ekman, R. Flink, and E. Sundman, Neuromuscular block and the electroencephalogram during sevoflurane anaesthesia, NeuroReport, vol.18, issue.17, pp.1817-1837, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f13e11

A. Challoner, Photoelectric plethysmography for estimating cutaneous blood flow. Non-Invasive Physiological Measurements, pp.125-51, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/19/3/003

J. Allen, Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement, Physiological Measurement, vol.28, issue.3, pp.1-39, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/R01

I. Korhonen and A. Yli-hankala, Photoplethysmography and nociception, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.476, issue.8, pp.975-85, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02026.x

E. Seitsonen, I. Korhonen, and M. Van-gils, EEG spectral entropy, heart rate, photoplethysmography and motor responses to skin incision during sevoflurane anaesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.316, issue.3, pp.284-92, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236

E. Tur, M. Tur, H. Maibach, and R. Guy, Basal Perfusion of the Cutaneous Microcirculation: Measurements as a Function of Anatomic Position, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.81, issue.5, pp.442-448, 1983.
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12522619

A. Reisner, P. Shaltis, D. Mccombie, and H. Asada, Utility of the Photoplethysmogram in Circulatory Monitoring, Anesthesiology, vol.108, issue.5, pp.950-958, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816c89e1

X. Teng and Y. Zhang, The effect of contacting force on photoplethysmographic signals, Physiological Measurement, vol.25, issue.5, pp.1323-1358, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/0967-3334/25/5/020

K. Shelley, Photoplethysmography: Beyond the Calculation of Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.105, issue.On Line Suppl., pp.31-37, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000269512.82836.c9

J. Ahonen, R. Jokela, K. Uutela, and M. Huiku, Surgical stress index reflects surgical stress in gynaecological laparoscopic day-case surgery ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.98, issue.4, pp.456-61, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem035

P. Kyriacou, Pulse oximetry in the oesophagus, Physiological Measurement, vol.27, issue.1, pp.1-35, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/0967-3334/27/1/R01

C. Alexander, L. Teller, and J. Gross, Principles of Pulse Oximetry, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.68, issue.3, pp.368-76, 1989.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-198903000-00035

B. Imholz, W. Wieling, G. Van-montfrans, and K. Wesseling, Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology, Cardiovascular Research, vol.38, issue.3, pp.605-621, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00067-4

E. Tam, K. Azabji, and M. Cautero, Correction of cardiac output obtained by Modelflow?? from finger pulse pressure profiles with a respiratory method in humans, Clinical Science, vol.106, issue.4, pp.371-377, 2004.
DOI : 10.1042/CS20030302

R. De-wilde, B. Geerts, and J. Cui, Performance of three minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring systems, Anaesthesia, vol.10, issue.Suppl. I, pp.762-771, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8

J. Remmen, W. Aengevaeren, and F. Verheugt, Finapres arterial pulse wave analysis with Modelflow is not a reliable non-invasive method for assessment of cardiac output, Clin Sci (Lond), vol.103, pp.143-152, 2002.

L. Nilsson, A. Johansson, and S. Kalman, Monitoring of respiratory rate in postoperative care using a new photoplethysmographic technique, Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, vol.16, issue.4, pp.309-324, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011424732717

P. Osmundson, O. Fallon, W. Clements, and I. , Reproducibility of noninvasive tests of peripheral occlusive arterial disease, Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol.2, issue.5, pp.678-83, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0741-5214(85)90037-0

K. Kvernebo, J. Megerman, G. Hamilton, and W. Abbott, Response of skin photoplethysmography, laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous oxygen tensiometry to stenosis-induced reductions in limb blood flow, European Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol.3, issue.2, pp.113-133, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0950-821X(89)80005-2

E. Cooke, S. Bowcock, and A. Smith, Photoplethysmography of the Distal Pulp in the Assessment of the Vasospastic Hand, Angiology, vol.124, issue.1, pp.33-40, 1985.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1967.23.5.613

C. Minto, T. Schnider, and T. Egan, Influence of Age and Gender on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Remifentanil, Anesthesiology, vol.86, issue.1, pp.10-23, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199701000-00004

S. Kern, G. Xie, J. White, and T. Egan, A Response Surface Analysis of Propofol???Remifentanil Pharmacodynamic Interaction in Volunteers, Anesthesiology, vol.100, issue.6, pp.1373-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200406000-00007

C. Hofer, A. Zollinger, and S. Buchi, Patient well-being after general anaesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled multi-centre trial comparing intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.91, issue.5, pp.631-638, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aeg243

H. Vinik and I. Kissin, Rapid development of tolerance to analgesia during remifentanil infusion in humans, Anesth Analg, vol.86, pp.1307-1318, 1998.

M. Rantanen, A. Yli-hankala, and M. Van-gils, Novel multiparameter approach for measurement of nociception at skin incision during general anaesthesia ??? ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.96, issue.3, pp.367-76, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael005

D. Chernik, D. Gillings, and H. Laine, Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam, J Clin Psychopharmacol, vol.10, pp.244-51, 1990.

M. Huiku, K. Uutela, and M. Van-gils, Assessment of surgical stress during general anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.98, issue.4, pp.447-55, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem004

T. Bouillon, J. Bruhn, and L. Radulescu, Pharmacodynamic Interaction between Propofol and Remifentanil Regarding Hypnosis, Tolerance of Laryngoscopy, Bispectral Index, and Electroencephalographic Approximate Entropy, Anesthesiology, vol.100, issue.6, pp.1353-72, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200406000-00006

M. Mertens, E. Olofsen, and F. Engbers, Propofol Reduces Perioperative Remifentanil Requirements in a Synergistic Manner, Anesthesiology, vol.99, issue.2, pp.347-59, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200308000-00016

H. Kehlet, Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.78, issue.5, pp.606-623, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/78.5.606

M. Coloma, J. Chiu, P. White, and S. Armbruster, The Use of Esmolol as an Alternative to Remifentanil During Desflurane Anesthesia for Fast-Track Outpatient Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery, Anesthesia and Analgesia, vol.92, issue.2, pp.352-359, 2001.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-200102000-00014

M. Struys, C. Vanpeteghem, and M. Huiku, Changes in a surgical stress index in response to standardized pain stimuli during propofol???remifentanil infusion, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.99, issue.3, pp.359-67, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem173

S. Yeo, A. Holdcroft, S. Yentis, and A. Stewart, Analgesia with sevoflurane during labour: I. Determination of the optimum concentration ??? ???, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.98, issue.1, pp.105-114, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/ael326

J. Wennervirta, M. Hynynen, and A. Koivusalo, Surgical stress index as a measure of nociception/antinociception balance during general anesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.105, issue.8, pp.1038-1083, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236

S. Landsverk, P. Kvandal, and T. Kjelstrup, Human Skin Microcirculation after Brachial Plexus Block Evaluated by Wavelet Transform of the Laser Doppler Flowmetry Signal, Anesthesiology, vol.105, issue.3, pp.478-84, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200609000-00010

E. Eger and J. Sonner, Anaesthesia defined (Gentlemen, this is no humbug), Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, vol.20, issue.1, pp.23-32, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpa.2005.07.011

P. Glass, M. Bloom, and L. Kearse, Bispectral Analysis Measures Sedation and Memory Effects of Propofol, Midazolam, Isoflurane, and Alfentanil in Healthy Volunteers, Anesthesiology, vol.86, issue.4, pp.836-883, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199704000-00014

A. Vakkuri, A. Yli-hankala, and P. Talja, Time-frequency balanced spectral entropy as a measure of anesthetic drug effect in central nervous system during sevoflurane, propofol, and thiopental anesthesia, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.6, issue.379, pp.145-53, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-199904000-00019

M. Struys, E. Jensen, and W. Smith, Performance of the ARX-derived Auditory Evoked Potential Index as an Indicator of Anesthetic Depth, Anesthesiology, vol.96, issue.4, pp.803-819, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200204000-00006

P. White, H. Kehlet, and J. Neal, The Role of the Anesthesiologist in Fast-Track Surgery: From Multimodal Analgesia to Perioperative Medical Care, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.104, issue.6, pp.1380-96, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000263034.96885.e1

M. Struys, D. Smet, T. Versichelen, and L. , Comparison of Closed-loop Controlled Administration of Propofol Using Bispectral Index as the Controlled Variable versus ???Standard Practice??? Controlled Administration, Anesthesiology, vol.95, issue.1, pp.6-17, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200107000-00007

D. Smet, T. Struys, M. Greenwald, and S. , Estimation of Optimal Modeling Weights for a Bayesian-Based Closed-Loop System for Propofol Administration Using the Bispectral Index as a Controlled Variable: A Simulation Study, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.105, issue.6, pp.1629-1667, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000287269.06170.0f

D. Smet, T. Struys, M. Neckebroek, and M. , The Accuracy and Clinical Feasibility of a New Bayesian-Based Closed-Loop Control System for Propofol Administration Using the Bispectral Index as a Controlled Variable, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.107, issue.4, pp.1200-1210, 2008.
DOI : 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817bd1a6

M. Luginbuhl, C. Bieniok, and D. Leibundgut, Closed-loop Control of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure during Surgery with Alfentanil, Anesthesiology, vol.105, issue.3, pp.462-70, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200609000-00008

H. Kallio, L. Lindberg, and A. Majander, Measurement of surgical stress in anaesthetized children, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.101, issue.3, pp.383-392, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aen204

A. J. Aho, K. Uutela, M. Huiku, and M. And-rantanen, Surgical Stress Index during moderate intraoperative hypothermia Ref Type: Abstract, Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand, pp.2-2

S. Mustola and J. Toivonen, Effect-site concentration of remifentanil attenuating surgical stress index responses to intubation of the trachea, Anaesthesia, vol.101, issue.6, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06329.x

M. Luginbuhl, P. Schumacher, and P. Vuilleumier, Noxious Stimulation Response Index, Anesthesiology, vol.112, issue.4, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181d40368

S. Hoymork, Antinociceptive monitors: tools or fools?, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.105, issue.8, pp.1035-1042, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01716.x