S. Cesaro, A. Brugiolo, M. Faraci, C. Uderzo, R. Rondelli et al., Incidence and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children given hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a survey from the Italian association of pediatric hematology oncology???bone marrow transplantation group, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.27, issue.9, pp.32-925, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703077

J. Vose, E. Reed, G. Pippert, J. Anderson, P. Bierman et al., Mesna compared with continuous bladder irrigation as uroprotection during high-dose chemotherapy and transplantation: a randomized trial., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.11, issue.7, pp.1-1306, 1993.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.7.1306

S. Nevo, V. Swan, C. Enger, K. Wojno, R. Bitton et al., Acute bleeding after bone marrow transplantation (BMT)-incidence and effect on survival. A quantitative analysis in 1402 patients, Blood, issue.4, pp.91-1469, 1998.

L. Brugieres, O. Hartmann, J. Travagli, E. Benhamou, J. Pico et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis following high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in children with malignancies: incidence, clinical course, and outcome., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.7, issue.2, pp.194-203, 1989.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.2.194

M. Kondo, S. Kojima, K. Kato, and T. Matsuyama, Late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.22, issue.10, pp.22-995, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701482

URL : http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v22/n10/pdf/1701482a.pdf

A. Seber, X. Shu, T. Defor, S. Sencer, and N. Ramsay, Risk factors for severe hemorrhagic cystitis following BMT, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.23, issue.1, pp.35-40, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701523

URL : http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v23/n1/pdf/1701523a.pdf

M. El-zimaity, R. Saliba, K. Chan, M. Shahjahan, A. Carrasco et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: donor type matters, Blood, vol.103, issue.12, pp.4674-80, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2815

URL : http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/103/12/4674.full.pdf

S. Sencer, W. Haake, and D. Weisdorf, HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS, Transplantation, vol.56, issue.4, pp.875-884, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-199310000-00020

G. Lee, J. Lee, S. Choi, S. Kim, M. Seol et al., Hemorrhagic Cystitis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Journal of Korean Medical Science, vol.18, issue.2, pp.191-196, 2003.
DOI : 10.3346/jkms.2003.18.2.191

URL : http://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0063JKMS/jkms-18-191.pdf

R. Childs, C. Sanchez, H. Engler, J. Preuss, S. Rosenfeld et al., High incidence of adenoand polyomavirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow allotransplantation for hematological malignancy following T cell depletion and cyclosporine, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.9, pp.22-889, 1998.

A. Leung, R. Mak, A. Lie, and K. Yuen, Clinicopathological features and risk factors of clinically overt haemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.30, issue.6, pp.509-514, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/313809

G. Hale, R. Rochester, H. Heslop, R. Krance, J. Gingrich et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children: clinical characteristics and outcome, Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, vol.9, issue.11, pp.698-705, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1083-8791(03)00269-6

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1083-8791(03)00269-6

S. Russel, M. Vowels, and Y. Vale, Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients : an association with infective agents, GVHD and prior cyclophosphamide, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.13, pp.533-539, 1994.

K. Tsuboi, K. Kishi, K. Ohmachi, Y. Yasuda, T. Shimizu et al., Multivariate analysis of risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.9, pp.32-903, 2003.

A. Thomas, J. Patterson, H. Prentice, M. Brenner, M. Ganczakowski et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplantation patients : possible increased risk associated with prior busulphan therapy, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.1, issue.4, pp.347-55, 1987.

R. Millard, Busulfan-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, Urology, vol.18, issue.2, pp.143-147, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-4295(81)90424-6

H. Glucksberg, R. Storb, and A. Fefer, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN HUMAN RECIPIENTS OF MARROW FROM HL-A-MATCHED SIBLING DONOR,S, Transplantation, vol.18, issue.4, pp.295-304, 1974.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-197410000-00001

D. Przepiorka, D. Weisdorf, P. Martin, H. Klingemann, and P. Beatty, Consensus conference on acute GVHD grading, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.15, pp.825-828, 1995.

P. Rowlings, D. Przepiorka, and J. Klein, IBMTR Severity Index for grading acute grafiversus-host disease : retrospective comparison with Glucksberg grade, Br J Haematol, pp.97-855, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.1112925.x

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.1112925.x/pdf

S. Nevo, C. Enger, V. Swan, K. Wojno, A. Fuller et al., Acute bleeding after allogeneic bone manow transplantation : association with graft versus host disease and effect on survival, Transplantation, vol.67, issue.5, pp.68-69, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-199903150-00007

S. Bearman, F. Appelbaum, and C. Buckner, Regimen-related toxicity in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.6, issue.10, pp.1562-1568, 1988.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.10.1562

H. Akiyama, T. Kurosu, C. Sakashita, T. Inoue, S. Mori et al., Adenovirus Is a Key Pathogen in Hemorrhagic Cystitis Associated with Bone Marrow Transplantation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.312, issue.9, pp.32-1325, 2001.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198502283120901

M. Mccarville, F. Hoffer, J. Gingrich, and J. Jenkins, Imaging findings of hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric oncology patients, Pediatric Radiology, vol.30, issue.3, pp.1-8, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002470050031

C. Cartoni, W. Arcese, G. Avvisati, L. Corinto, A. Capua et al., Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of hemorrhagic cystitis afier bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.9, pp.12463-12470, 1993.

S. Al-rawithi, A. El-yazigi, P. Ernst, F. Al-fiar, and P. Nicholls, Urinary excretion and pharmacokinetics of acrolein and its parent drug cyclophosphamide in bone marrow transplant patients, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.22, issue.5, pp.22485-90, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701355

L. Turkeri, L. Lum, J. Uberti, E. Abella, F. Momin et al., Prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic bone marrow transplant preparative regimens with cyciophosphamide and busulfan : role ofcontinuous 'Pladder irrigation. . i Uroi, pp.995-53

M. Echavarria, S. Ray, R. Ambinder, J. Dumler, and P. Charache, PCR detection of adenovirus in a bone marrow transplant recipient : hemorrhagic cystitis as a presenting manifestation of disseminated disease, J Clin Microbiol, issue.3, pp.37-686, 1999.

W. Xu, M. Macdonough, and D. Erdman, Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay, J Clin Microbiol, vol.384, pp.1-14, 2000.

Z. Gu, S. Elzer, and C. Gibson, Multiplexed, Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Detection of Human Adenovirus, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.41, issue.10, pp.4636-4641, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4636-4641.2003

U. Moens, T. Johansen, J. Johnsen, O. Setemes, and T. Traavik, Noncoding control region of naturally occurring BK virus variants: Sequence comparison and functional analysis, Virus Genes, vol.76, issue.3, pp.261-75, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/169.5.1175

R. Markowitz and W. Dynan, Binding of cellular proteins to the regulatory region of BK virus DNA, J Virol, vol.62, issue.9, pp.3388-98, 1988.

A. Stolt, K. Sasnauskas, P. Koskela, M. Lehtinen, and J. Dillner, Seroepidemiology of the human polyomaviruses, Journal of General Virology, vol.84, issue.6, pp.1499-504, 2003.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.18842-0

R. Arthur, K. Shah, S. Baust, G. Santos, and R. Sara1, Association of BK Viruria with Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Recipients of Bone Marrow Transplants, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.315, issue.4, pp.3-15, 1986.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198607243150405

G. Bogdanovic, P. Ljungman, F. Wang, and T. Dalianis, Presence of human polyomavirus DNA in the peripheral circulation of bone marrow transplant patients with and without hemorrhagic cystitis, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.17, issue.4, pp.573-579, 1996.

A. Dolei, V. Pietropaolo, E. Gomes, D. Taranto, C. Ziccheddu et al., Polyomavirus persistence in lymphocytes: prevalence in lymphocytes from blood donors and healthy personnel of a blood transfusion centre, Journal of General Virology, vol.94, issue.8, pp.81-1967, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410310426

A. Leung, K. Yuen, and Y. Kwong, Polyoma BK virus and haemorrhagic cystitis in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a changing paradigm, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.53, issue.Part 1, pp.929-966, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ju.0000137723.38685.ff

P. Priftakis, G. Bogdanovic, P. Kokhaei, H. Mellstedt, and T. Dalianis, BK virus (BKV) quantification in urine samples of bone marrow transplanted patients is helpful for diagnosis of hemorrhagic cystitis, although wide individual variations exist, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.26, issue.1, pp.26-71, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00040-9

G. Giraud, G. Bogdanovic, P. Priftakis, M. Remberger, B. Svahn et al., The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis and BK-viruria in allogeneic hematopoietic stem ce11 recipients according to intensity of the conditioning regimen, Haematologica, issue.3, pp.91-401, 2006.

F. Peinemann, E. De-villiers, K. Dorries, O. Adams, T. Vogeli et al., Clinical course and treatment of haemorrhagic cystitis associated with BK type of human polyomavirus in nine paediatric recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants, European Journal of Pediatrics, vol.159, issue.3, pp.159-182, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s004310050047

D. Cheuk, T. Lee, A. Chiang, S. Ha, Y. Lau et al., Risk factors and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children who undenvent hematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation, Transpl Int, issue.l, pp.20-73, 2007.

H. Xu, J. Fang, S. Huang, D. Zhou, C. Chen et al., Risk factors and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children post hematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation], pp.126-156

E. Gorczynska, D. Turkiewicz, K. Rybka, J. Toporski, K. Kalwak et al., Incidence, clinical outcome, and management of virus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents after a!!ogeneic hematopoietic ce!! trzr,sp!aatation, Eiol Blocd Mmow Trmsplant, pp.1-797, 2005.

A. Tomonari, S. Takahashi, J. Ooi, K. Fukuno, K. Takasugi et al., Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Adults after Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation: A Single-Institution Experience in Japan, International Journal of Hematology, vol.84, issue.3, pp.268-71, 2006.
DOI : 10.1532/IJH97.05169

R. Yamamoto, E. Kusumi, M. Kami, K. Yuji, T. Hamaki et al., Late hemorrhagic cystitis after reduced-intensity hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIST), Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.18, issue.11, pp.1089-95, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-4295(81)90424-6

Y. Asano, Y. Kanda, N. Ogawa, M. Sakata-yanagimoto, M. Nakagawa et al., Male predominance among Japanese adult patients with late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.358, issue.12, pp.32-175, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05580-5

B. Erer, E. Angelucci, D. Baronciani, M. Tomasucci, C. Giardini et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.12, issue.1, pp.93-98, 1993.

N. Sladek, J. Priest, D. Doeden, C. Mirocha, S. Pathre et al., Plasma half-life and urinary excretion of cyclophospharnide in children, Cancer Treat Rep, vol.64, issue.10, pp.1061-1067, 1980.

B. Armstrong, M. Resnick, and F. Richard, Delayed cystitis due to cyclophosphamide, N Engl J Med, p.30045, 1979.

R. Pihusch, C. Salat, E. Schmidt, P. Gohring, M. Pihusch et al., Hemostatic complications in bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective analysis of 447 patients, Transplantation, vol.74, issue.9, pp.74-1303, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-200211150-00018

N. Kroger, T. Zabelina, W. Kruger, H. Renges, N. Stute et al., Comparison of total body irradiation vs busulfan in combination with cyclophosphamide as conditioning for unrelated stem ce11 transplantation in CML patients, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.4, pp.27-349, 2001.

J. Shepherd, L. Pringle, M. Barnett, H. Klingemann, D. Reece et al., Mesna versus hyperhydration for the prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplantation., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.9, issue.11, pp.16-20
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.11.2016

J. Hows, A. Mehta, L. Ward, K. Woods, R. Perez et al., Comparison of mesna with forced diuresis to prevent cyclophosphamide induced haemorrhagic cystitis in marrow transplantation: a prospective randomised study, British Journal of Cancer, vol.50, issue.6, pp.50-753, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1984.252

. Nilsen-1, T. Flaegstad, and T. Traavik, Detection of specific IgA antibodies against BK virus by ELISA, Journal of Medical Virology, vol.1, issue.2, pp.89-94, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/128.6.784

W. Knowles, M. Woosdorf, A. Porter, and S. Gardner, An indirect immunofluorescence method for detection of infectious BK virus in urine, Journal of Virological Methods, vol.26, issue.3, pp.35-36, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-0934(89)90118-3

G. Giraldo, E. Beth, J. Lee, E. De-harven, and M. Chernesky, Solid-phase immune electron microscopydouble-antibody technique for rapid detectior, of papovaviruses, J Clic Microbiol, vol.5, issue.23, pp.517-538

E. Kwak, R. Vilchez, P. Randhawa, R. Shapiro, J. Bute1 et al., Pathogenesis and msagement of po!yomavims infection in transplant recipients, Clin Infect Dis, issue.9, pp.35-1081, 2002.

S. Chakrabarti, H. Osman, K. Collingham, and D. Millingan, Polyoma viruria following T-celldepleted ~illogenic transplmts r?sing Campath-1I-I : incidence and outcorne in relation to g a f t manipulation, donor type and conditionning, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.1, issue.3, pp.379-386, 2003.

H. Rabenau, W. Preiser, S. Franck, S. Schwerdtfeger, and H. Doerr, Polyomavirus Viruria in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: Lack of Correlation with Clinical Symptoms, Infection, vol.30, issue.2, pp.91-94, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s15010-002-2010-8

D. Whiley, T. Mackay, and T. Sloots, Detection and Differentiation of Human Polyomaviruses JC and BK by LightCycler PCR, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.39, issue.12, pp.39-4357, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4357-4361.2001

A. Mcnees, Z. White, P. Zanwar, R. Vilchez, and J. Bute1, Specific and quantitative detection of human polyomaviruses BKV, JCV, and SV40 by real time PCR, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.34-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.018

S. Biel, T. Held, O. Landt, M. Niedrig, H. Gelderblom et al., Rapid quantification and differentiation of human polyomavirus DNA in undiluted urine from patients after bone marrow transplantation, J Clin Microbiol, pp.38-3689, 2000.

G. Bogdanovic, M. Brytting, P. Cinque, M. Grandien, E. Fridell et al., Nested PCR for detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA, Clinical and Diagnostic Virology, vol.2, issue.2, pp.127-163, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0928-0197(94)90045-0

A. Azzi, R. Fanci, A. Bosi, S. Ciappi, K. Zakrzewska et al., Monitoring of polyomavirus BK viruria in bone marrow transplantation patients by DNA hybridization assay and by polymerase chain reaction: an approach to assess the relationship between BK viniria and hemorrhagic cystitis, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.2, pp.14-235, 1994.

A. Leung, C. Suen, A. Lie, R. Liang, K. Yuen et al., Quantification of polyoma BK viruria in hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation, Blood, vol.98, issue.6, pp.98-1971, 2001.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V98.6.1971

G. Bogdanovic, P. Priftakis, G. Giraud, M. Kuzniar, R. Ferraldeschi et al., Association between a High BK Virus Load in Urine Samples of Patients with Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Development of Hemorrhagic Cystitis after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.42, issue.11, pp.42-5394, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5394-5396.2004

V. Erard, H. Kim, L. Corey, A. Limaye, M. Huang et al., BK DNA viral load in plasma: evidence for an association with hemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, Blood, vol.106, issue.3, pp.106-1130, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4988

V. Erard, B. Storer, L. Corey, J. Nollkamper, M. Huang et al., BK virus infection in hematopoietic stem ce11 transplant recipients : fiequency, risk factors and association with postengraftment hemorrhagic cystitis, Clin Infect Dis, issue.12, pp.39-1861, 2004.

M. Hakki, S. Riddell, J. Storek, R. Carter, T. Stevens-ayers et al., Immune reconstitution to cytomegalovinis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem celi transplantation : impact of host factors, drug therapy and subclinical reactivation, Blood, issue.8, pp.102-3060, 2003.

G. Pari, S. Jeor, and S. , Human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene product can induce SV40 DNA replication in human embryonic h n g cells, Virology, vol.179, pp.758-794, 1990.

S. Biel, . Na, H. Bae, W. Ebell, H. Gelderblom et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation neither quantitatively nor qualitatively correly to the urinary excretion of pn!i~mzviruses, N Eng! i Med, issue.2, pp.2-02624

M. Carr, G. Mccormack, K. Mutton, and B. Crowley, Unique BK virus non-coding control region (NCCR) variants in hematopoietic stem ce11 transplant recipients with and without hemorrhagic cystitis, J Med Vir~l, issue.4, pp.78-485, 2006.

E. Yin, V. Pietropaolo, J. Booth, K. Ward, and D. Brown, Prevalence and distribution of BK virus subtypes in healthy people and immunocompromised patients detected by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis, Clin Diagn Virol, vol.3, issue.3, pp.285-95, 1995.

D. Fioriti, A. Degener, M. Mischitelli, M. Videtta, A. Arancio et al., BKV Infection and Hemorrhagic Cystitis after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant, International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.309-325, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/039463200301600313

P. Priftakis, G. Bogdanovic, M. Kalantari, and T. Dalianis, Overrepresentation of point mutations in the Spl site of the non-coding control region of BK virus in bone marrow transplanted patients with haemorrhagic cystitis, J Clin Virol, issue.l, pp.21-22, 2001.

A. Leung, M. Chan, and Y. Kwong, Genotyping of the noncoding control region of BK virus in patients with haemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.5, pp.35-53, 2005.

M. Negrini, S. Sabbioni, R. Arthur, A. Castagnoli, and G. Barbanti-brodano, Prevalence of the archetypal regulatory region and sequence polymorphisms in nonpassaged BK virus variants, J Virol, vol.199, issue.19, pp.65-5092

D. Spach, J. Bauwens, D. Myerson, M. Mustafa, and R. Bowden, Cytomegalovirus-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis Following Bone Marrow Transplantation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.1, pp.16-142, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/16.1.142

S. Tutuncuoglu, S. Yanovich, and M. Ozdemirli, CMV-induced hemorrhagic cystitis as a complication of peripheral blood stem ce11 transplantation : case report, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.3, pp.36-265, 2005.

Z. Hassan, M. Remberger, P. Svenberg, M. Elbander, B. Omazic et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis: a retrospective single-center survey, Clinical Transplantation, vol.62, issue.5, pp.659-67, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.tp.0000214462.63943.14

T. Held, S. Biel, A. Nitsche, A. Kurth, S. Chen et al., Treatment of BK virusassociated hemorrhagic cystitis and simultaneous CMV reactivation with cidofovir, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.3, pp.26-347, 2000.

B. Wielorai, L. Shulman, G. Rechavi, and A. Toren, CMV reactivation induced BK virus-associated late onset hemorrhagic cystitis after peripheral blood stem ce11 transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.6, pp.28-613, 2001.

A. Kristoffersen, J. Johnsen, O. Seternes, H. Rollag, M. Degre et al., The human polyomavirus BK T antigen induces gene expression in human cytomegalovirus, Virus Research, vol.52, issue.1, pp.52-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00100-7

L. Rosa, A. Champlin, R. Mirza, N. Gajewski, J. Giralt et al., Adenovirus Infections in Adult Recipients of Blood and Marrow Transplants, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.26, issue.4, pp.32-871, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/517647

G. Hale, !. Hes, H. Îp, K. Brenner, M. Jayawardene et al., Adenovirus infection after pediatric bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.23, issue.3, pp.277-82, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701563

URL : http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v23/n3/pdf/1701563a.pdf

K. Mufscn and E. Rn, review cf adenorir~ses ir, the eticlogy of a c ~ t e hemonhagic cystitis

Y. Numazaki, S. Shigeta, and T. Kumasaka, Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Children, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.278, issue.13, pp.700-704, 1968.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM196803282781303

A. Shields, R. Hackman, K. Fife, L. Corey, and J. Meyers, Adenovirus Infections in Patients Undergoing Bone-Marrow Transplantation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.312, issue.9, pp.3-12, 1985.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198502283120901

R. Ambinder, W. Burns, M. Forman, P. Charache, R. Arthur et al., Hemorrhagic cystitis associated with adenovirus infection in bone marrow transplantation, Arch Intern Med, issue.7, pp.146-1400, 1986.

A. Leung, A. Wong, G. Chan, K. Yuen, and Y. Kwong, Urinary reactivation of polyoma BK virus but not adenovirus in paediatric and adolescent patients after haematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.6, pp.37-62, 2006.

T. Walls, A. Shankar, and D. Shingadia, Adenovirus: an increasingly important pathogen in paediatric bone marrow transplant patients, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.3, issue.2, pp.79-86, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00515-2

T. Ruutu, M. Ruutu, L. Volin, and R. Leskinen, Severe cystitis as a manifestation of chronic graftversus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation, Br J Urol, vol.6, issue.6, pp.62-74, 1988.

L. Ost, B. Lonnqvist, L. Eriksson, P. Ljungman, and O. Ringden, Hemorrhagic cystitis-a manifestation of grafi versus host disease?, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.2, pp.19-25, 1987.

E. Mukamel, A. Lupu, and J. Denerkion, Alum Irrigation for Severe Bladder Hemorrhage, The Journal of Urology, vol.135, issue.4, pp.784-85, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45852-6

A. Goel, M. Rao, . Bhagwat, and . Ag, Intravesical Irrigation with Alum for the Control of Massive Bladder Hemorrhage, The Journal of Urology, vol.133, issue.6, pp.956-57, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49330-X

M. Perazella and E. Brown, Acute Aluminum Toxicity and Alum Bladder Irrigation in Patients With Renal Failure, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol.21, issue.1, pp.44-50, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80719-0

J. Miller, G. Burfield, and K. Moretti, Oral Conjugated Estrogen Therapy for Treatment of Hemorrhagic Cystitis, The Journal of Urology, vol.151, issue.5, pp.15-16, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35249-7

Y. Liu, J. Harty, G. Steinbock, H. Holt, . Jr et al., Treatment of Radiation or Cyclophosphamide Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis using Conjugated Estrogen, The Journal of Urology, vol.144, issue.1, pp.144-185, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39361-8

R. Ordemann, R. Naumann, G. Geissler, M. Bornhauser, U. Schuler et al., Encouraging results in the treatment of haemorrhagic cystitis with estrogen-report of 10 cases and review of the Iiterature, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.9, pp.25-981, 2000.

J. Heath, S. Mishra, S. Mitchell, K. Waters, and K. Tiedemann, Estrogen as treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents undergoing bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.70, issue.5, pp.37-523, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-200012270-00023

R. Brown, A method of management of inoperable carcinoma of the bladder, Med J Aust, issue.1, p.23, 1969.

B. Shah and D. Albert, Intravesical Instillation of Formalin for the Management of Intractable Hematuria, The Journal of Urology, vol.110, issue.5, pp.19-20, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60267-2

L. Donahüe and D. Frank, Intravesical fornalin for hemorrhzgir cystitis : malysis of therapy

S. Choong, M. Walkden, and R. Kirby, The management of intractable haematuria, BJU International, vol.149, issue.9, pp.95-96, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36192-X

J. Garat, E. Martinez, and F. Aragona, Open Instillation of Formalin for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in a Child, European Urology, vol.11, issue.3, pp.11-192, 1985.
DOI : 10.1159/000472489

J. Vicente, G. Rios, and J. Caffaratti, Intravesical Formalin for the Treatment of Massive Hemorrhagic Cystitis: Retrospective Review of 25 Cases, European Urology, vol.18, issue.3, pp.204-210, 1990.
DOI : 10.1159/000463910

J. Redman and M. Kletzel, Cutaneous Vesicostomy with Direct Intravesical Application of Formalin: Management of Severe Vesical Hemorrhage Resulting From High Dose Cyclophosphamide in Boys, The Journal of Urology, vol.151, issue.4, pp.1048-50, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35175-3

R. Mathews, N. Rajan, and L. Josefson, HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR RADIATION INDUCED HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS, The Journal of Urology, vol.161, issue.2, pp.435-472, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61914-1

I. Shameen, T. Shimabukoro, and S. Shirataki, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Control of Intractable Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis, European Urology, vol.22, issue.3, pp.263-64, 1992.
DOI : 10.1159/000474767

A. Hughes, A. Schwarer, and I. Millar, Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of refractory haemorrhagic cystitis, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.22, issue.6, pp.585-86, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701376

K. Hattori, M. Yabe, M. Matsumoto, Y. Kudo, Y. Yasuda et al., Successful hyperbaric oxygen treatment of life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.22, issue.12, pp.15-22
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701376

D. Baronciani, E. Angelucci, B. Erer, G. Fabrizi, M. Galimberti et al., Suprapubic cystotomy as treatment for severe hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.2, pp.16-267, 1995.

L. Garderet, H. Bittencourt, P. Sebe, A. Kaliski, J. Claisse et al., Cystectomy for severe hemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic stem ce11 transplant recipients, Transplantation, issue.12, pp.70-1807, 2000.

S. Koc, H. Hagglund, R. Ireton, J. Perez-simon, S. Collins et al., Successful treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis with cystectomy following matched donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.162, issue.8, pp.26-899, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00005392-199907000-00019

S. Hart, E. Skinner, and B. Meyeriwtz, QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY FOR BLADDER CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH AN ILEAL CONDUIT, OR CUTANEOUS OR URETHRAL KOCK POUCH, The Journal of Urology, vol.162, issue.1, pp.77-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00005392-199907000-00019

F. Palandri, F. Bonifazi, C. Rossi, S. Falcioni, M. Arpinati et al., Successful treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis with selective vesical artery embolization, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.31, issue.5, pp.529-559, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703954

E. Gine, M. M. Rovira, J. Montana, and E. Carreras, Successful treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis after hemopoietic ceIl transplantation by selective embolization of the vesical arteries, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.1 3, pp.1-923, 2003.

M. Trigg, J. O-'reilly, and S. Rumelhart, Prostaglandin E1 Bladder Instillations to Control Severe Hemorrhagic Cystitis, The Journal of Urology, vol.143, issue.1, pp.92-94, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39875-0

D. Laszlo, A. Bosi, S. Guidi, R. Saccardi, A. Vannucchi et al., Prostaglandin E2 bladder instillation for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Haematologica, vol.80, issue.5, pp.42-43, 1995.

L. Levine and D. Jarrard, Treatment of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis with Intravesical Carboprost Tromethamine, The Journal of Urology, vol.149, issue.4, pp.19-23, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36192-X

C. Ippoliti, D. Przepiorka, R. Mehra, J. Neumann, J. Wood et al., Intravesicular carboprost for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis after marrow transplantation, Urology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.46-81, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80349-5

A. Lakhani, A. Raptis, D. Frame, D. Simpson, L. Berkahn et al., Intravesicular instillation of E-aminocaproic acid for patients with adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.24, issue.11, pp.1259-60, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702040

J. Vela-ojeda, F. Tripp-villanueva, E. Sanchez-cortes, M. Ayala-sanchez, G. Esparza et al., Intravesical rhGM-CSF for the treatment of late onset hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplant, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.24, issue.12, pp.24-1307, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702070

E. Dorticos, V. Pavon, J. Jaime, M. Reboredo, L. Saura et al., Successful application of epidermal growth factor for treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.7, issue.7, pp.3-4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.2.194

N. Raghavaiah and M. Soloway, Anuria Following Silver Nitrate Irrigation for Intractable Bladder Hemorrhage, The Journal of Urology, vol.118, issue.4, pp.1-682, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58154-9

L. Susan and R. Marsh, Phenolization of bladder in treatement of massive intractable hematuria, Urology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.19-21, 1975.

J. Purves, M. Graham, and S. Ramakumar, Application of fibrin glue to damaged bladder mucosa in a case of BK viral hemorrhagic cystitis, Urology, vol.66, issue.3, pp.66-641, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.037

M. Miodosky, A. Abdul-hai, P. Tsirigotis, R. Or, M. Bitan et al., Treatment of posthematopoietic stem ceIl transplantation hemorrhagic cystitis with intravesicular sodium hyaluronate, Bone Marrow Transplant, issue.7, pp.38-507, 2006.

D. Focosi and R. Kast, Hyaluronate and risperidone for hemorrhagic cystitis, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.8, issue.1, pp.39-57, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/13550280260422758

H. Sakuma, T. Satoh, E. Matsumoto, H. Kanno, M. Watanabe et al., The clinical effect of factor XIII on drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis], Rinsho Ketsueki, issue.3, pp.35-279, 1994.

M. Karimi, M. Zakerinia, H. Khojasteh, M. Ramzi, and E. Ahmad, Successful treatment of cyclophosphamide induced intractable hemorrhagic cystitis with recombinant FVIIa (Novoseven) after allogenic bone marrow transplantation, J Thromb Haemost, issue.21, pp.1853-1858, 2004.

J. Blatt, S. Gold, J. Wiley, P. Monahan, H. Cooper et al., Off-label use of recombinant factor VIIa in patients following bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.11, issue.4, pp.405-412, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00001721-200004001-00023

C. Seabra, J. Perez-simon, M. Sierra, J. Marcos, and M. Caballero, Intra-muscular vidarabine therapy for polyomavirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.20, issue.11, pp.1229-1259, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700923

M. Kawakami, S. Ueda, T. Maeda, T. Karasuno, H. Teshima et al., Vidarabine therapy for virus-associated cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.20, issue.6, pp.20-485, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700923

N. Vianelli, M. Renga, A. Azzi, D. Santis, R. Bandini et al., Sequential vidarabine infusion in the treatment of polyoma virus-associated acute haemorrhagic cystitis late afier allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.3, issue.3, pp.25-44, 2000.

P. Ljungman, Treatment of adenovirus infections in the immunocompromised host, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.23, issue.8, pp.583-591, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10096-004-1165-x

P. Bordigoni, A. Carret, V. Venard, F. Witz, L. Faou et al., Treatment of Adenovirus Infections in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.47, issue.11, pp.32-1290, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.47.11.973

N. Hatakeyama, N. Suzuki, T. Kudoh, T. Hori, N. Mizue et al., Successful cidofovir treatment of adenovirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis and renal dysfunction after allogenic bone marrow transplant, Pediatr Infect Dis J, pp.22-928, 2003.

K. Nagafuji, . Ak, H. Henzan, K. Kato, T. Miyamoto et al., Cidofovir for treating adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.118, issue.10, pp.34-909, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03515.x

U. Yusuf, G. Hale, J. Carr, Z. Gu, E. Benaim et al., Cidofovir for the Treatment of Adenoviral Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients, Transplantation, vol.81, issue.10, pp.1-1398, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.tp.0000209195.95115.8e

D. Clerc and E. , In search of a selective antiviral chemotherapy, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.10, pp.674-693, 1997.

M. Gonzalez-fraile, C. Canizo, D. Caballero, R. Hernandez, L. Vazquez et al., Cidofovir treatment of human polyomavirus-associated acute haemorrhagic cystitis, Transplant Infectious Disease, vol.2, issue.1, pp.3-44, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s001150050601

M. Savona, D. Newton, D. Frame, J. Levine, S. Mineishi et al., Low-dose cidofovir treatment of BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.40, issue.12, pp.39-783, 2007.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-126-4-199702150-00001

P. Fanourgiakis, A. Georgala, M. Vekemans, A. Triffet, D. Bruyn et al., Intravesical Instillation of Cidofovir in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Cystitis Caused by Adenovirus Type 11 in a Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.58, issue.2, pp.40-199, 2005.
DOI : 10.2165/00003495-199958020-00015

B. Bridges, S. Donegan, and A. Badros, Cidofovir biadder instillation for the treatment of BK hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Am J Hematol, issue.7, pp.81-535, 2006.

K. Miyamura, M. Hamaguchi, H. Taji, T. Kanie, A. Kohno et al., Successful ribavirin therapy for severe adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic marrow transplant from close HLA donors rather than distant donors, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.70, issue.5, pp.25-545, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0163-4453(98)80021-2

J. Gavin, Intravenous Ribavirin Treatment for Severe Adenovirus Disease in Immunocompromised Children, PEDIATRICS, vol.110, issue.1, p.9, 2002.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.110.1.e9

W. Cassano, Intravenous ribavirin therapy for adenovirus cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, vol.3, pp.247-255, 1991.

G. Murphy, D. Wood, . Jr, J. Mcroberts, and P. Henslee-downey, Adenovirus-Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis Treated with Intravenous Ribavirin, The Journal of Urology, vol.149, issue.3, pp.149-565, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36149-9

F. Chen, R. Liangs, and J. Lo, Treatment of adenovirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis with ganciclovir, Bone Marrow Transplantation, vol.20, issue.11, pp.997-99, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700997

A. Leung, M. Chan, K. Yuen, V. Cheng, K. Chan et al., Ciprofloxacin decreased polyoma BK virus load in patients who undenvent allogeneic hematopoietic stem ce11 transplantation, Clin Infect Dis, issue.4, pp.40-528, 2005.

E. Ferrazi, M. Perrachi, M. Biasolo, O. Faggionato, S. Stefanelli et al., Antiviral activity of gyrase inhibitors norfloxacin,coumermycin A1 and nalidixic acid, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1885-1891, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90495-9

J. Williams, B. Javaid, and P. Kadambi, Leflunomide for Polyomavirus Type BK Nephropathy, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.352, issue.11, pp.1157-58, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200503173521125

W. Waldman, D. Knight, L. Blinder, J. Shen, N. Lurain et al., Inhibition of cytomegalovirus in vitro and in vivo by the experimental immunosuppressive agent leflunomide, Intervirology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.5-6, 1999.

L. Letendre, H. Hoagland, and M. Gertz, Hemorrhagic Cystitis Complicating Bone Marrow Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol.67, issue.2, pp.128-158, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61312-3