B. Aufauvre, G. Herzberg, J. Garret, E. Berthonneaud, and D. , Une nouvelle m??thode radiographique pour l'??valuation de la position du carpe dans le plan coronal : r??sultats chez des sujets normaux, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.60, issue.6, pp.383-388, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80032-2

L. Barnard, S. , and S. , STYLOIDECTOMY OF THE RADIUS IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NON-UNION OF THE CARPAL NAVICULAR, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.30, issue.1, pp.98-102, 1948.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-194830010-00011

T. H. Baxamusa, W. , and C. S. , Capsulodesis of the Wrist for Scapholunate Dissociation, Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, vol.9, issue.1, pp.35-41, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.bth.0000151863.31790.fa

R. A. Berger, The ligaments of the wrist. A current overview of anatomy with considerations of their potential functions, Hand Clin, vol.13, issue.1, pp.63-82, 1997.

R. A. Berger, A. T. Bishop, and P. C. Bettinger, New Dorsal Capsulotomy for the Surgical Exposure of the Wrist, Annals of Plastic Surgery, vol.35, issue.1, pp.54-63, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00000637-199507000-00011

R. A. Berger, R. D. Crowninshield, and A. E. Flatt, The Three-dimensional Rotational Behaviors of the Carpal Bones, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.167, pp.67-303, 1982.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198207000-00047

R. A. Berger, T. Imeada, L. Berglund, and K. N. An, Constraint and material properties of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.24, issue.5, pp.953-62, 1999.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.1999.0953

G. Blatt, Capsulodesis in reconstructive hand surgery. Dorsal capsulodesis for the unstable scaphoid and volar capsulodesis following excision of the distal ulna, Hand Clin, vol.3, issue.1, pp.81-102, 1987.

;. A. Rnahinh, Uiihlmann 1 N nnti U n n n r i P -T h o r l ; r t o l 1

G. Blatt, Capsulodesis in reconstructive hand surgery. Dorsal capsulodesis for the unstable scaphoid and volar capsulodesis following excision of the distal ulna, Hand Clin, vol.3, issue.1, pp.81-102, 1987.

A. Boabighi, J. N. Kuhlmann, and C. Kenesi, The Distal Ligamentous Complex of the Scaphoid and the Scapho-Lunate Ligament. An Anatomic, Histological and Biomechanical study, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.70, issue.3, pp.65-74, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-7681(90)90014-U

F. Bonnel, A. , and Y. , Les articulations radio-cubito-carpienne et m??dio-carpienne, Annales de Chirurgie de la Main, vol.3, issue.4, pp.287-96, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/S0753-9053(84)80002-2

R. H. Brumfield, C. , and J. A. , A Biomechanical Study of Normal Functional Wrist Motion, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.187, pp.23-28, 1984.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198407000-00004

G. A. Brunelli and G. A. Brunelli, Carpal instability with scapho-lunate dissociation treated using the flexor carpi radialis and scaphoid-trapezoid ligament repair: foundations, technique and results of preliminary series, Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, vol.89, issue.2, pp.152-159, 2003.

G. A. Brunelli and G. R. Brunelli, A new technique to correct carpal instability with scaphoid rotary subluxation: A preliminary report, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.3, pp.20-82, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(95)80175-8

G. A. Brunelli and G. R. Brunelli, A new technique to correct carpal instability with scaphoid rotary subluxation: A preliminary report, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.3, pp.82-87, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(95)80175-8

J. E. Budoff and G. Gable, Ulnar translation of scaphocapitate arthrodeses in Kienb??ck???s disease???two case reports, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.30, issue.1, pp.65-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.08.001

E. Camus, Aspect biomécanique et conséquences des arthrodeses intra-carpiennes, arthrose péri-scaphoïdienne, pp.165-177, 2006.

E. J. Camus, F. Millot, J. Lariviere, S. Raoult, and M. Rtaimate, Kinematics of the wrist using 2D and 3D analysis: biomechanical and clinical deductions, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.26, issue.5, pp.399-403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00276-004-0260-0

C. Fontaine, Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for chronic scapholunate instability: a retrospective study of 13 cases, Chir Main, vol.24, issue.2, pp.79-83, 2005.

G. Chick and J. Y. Alnot, L'arthrodèse scapho-lunaire dans la dissociation scapho-lunaire, Cours européen de pathologie chirurgicale du membre supérieur et de la main -2007, pp.205-213, 2007.

L. Darbelley, Instabilité scapholunaire post-traumatique du carpe : place de la ligamentoplastie de Peter Weiss, à propos d'une série de 15 cas, Thèse, faculté de médecine de, 2004.

G. Dautel, L'arthroscopie du poignet. ln La main traumatique. Tome 2, chirurgie secondaire, le poignet traumatique, pp.1-397, 1995.

G. Dautel and A. Blum, La place de l'arthroscanner et de l'arthroscopie dans le diagnostic des instabilités du poignet, Imagerie de la main et du poignet, pp.157-167

G. Dautel, M. , and M. , Tests dynamiques arthroscopiques pour le diagnostic des instabilit??s scapho-lunaires, Annales de Chirurgie de la Main et du Membre Sup??rieur, vol.12, issue.3, pp.206-215, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0753-9053(05)80103-6

G. Dautel and P. Voche, Instabilités et lésions ligamentaires post-traumatiques du carpe, La main traumatique. Tome 2, chirurgie secondaire, le poignet traumatique, pp.399-422, 1995.

C. A. Davis, R. W. Culp, E. L. Hume, and A. L. Osterman, Reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament in a cadaver model using a bone-ligament-bone autograft from the foot, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.23, issue.5, pp.884-92, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80168-8

D. Smet, L. , V. Hoonacker, and P. , Treatment of chronic static scapholunate dissociation with the modified Brunelli technique : preliminary results and Trail, 1. A.: Blatt's capsulodesis for chronic scapholunate dissociation, Acta Orrhop Belg J Hand Surg, vol.73, issue.2, pp.188-207, 1999.

S. C. Deshrnukh, P. Givissis, D. Belloso, and J. K. Stanley, and Trail, 1. A.: Blatt's capsulodesis for chronic scapholunate dissociation, J Hand Surg, issue.2, pp.24-26, 1999.

J. Diligent, T. George, G. Navez, D. Bellan, A. Dederichs et al., Le Picon, la boisson des champions. Mythe ou réalité ? Etude clinique et documentaire vidéo, 2007.

D. P. Douglas, C. A. Peimer, and M. P. Koniuch, Motion of the wrist after simulated fimited intercarpal arthrodeses. An experimental study, J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol.69, issue.9, pp.1413-1421, 1987.

N. Dreant and G. Dautel, ??laboration d???un score de s??v??rit?? arthroscopique pour les instabilit??s scapholunaires, Chirurgie de la Main, vol.22, issue.2, pp.90-94, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1297-3203(03)00018-0

T. Dubert, P. Voche, C. Dumontier, and A. Dinh, Le questionnaire DASH. Adaptation fran??aise d'un outil d'??valuation international, Chirurgie de la Main, vol.20, issue.4, pp.294-302, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1297-3203(01)00049-X

C. Dumontier, Instabilités du carpe, Imagerie en traumatologie du sport, pp.15-327, 1996.

J. F. Eckenrode, D. S. Louis, and T. L. Greene, Scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid fusion in the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.11, issue.4, pp.497-502, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(86)80183-6

P. T. Fortin, L. , and D. S. , Long-term follow-up of scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.18, issue.4, pp.675-683, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(93)90317-V

E. B. Frykman, F. Af-ekenstam, and K. Wadin, Triscaphoid arthrodesis and its complications, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.13, issue.6, pp.844-853, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(88)90258-4

V. K. Gajendran, B. Peterson, R. R. Slater, . Jr, and R. M. Szabo, Long-Term Outcomes of Dorsal Intercarpal Ligament Capsulodesis for Chronic Scapholunate Dissociation, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1323-1356, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.07.016

M. Garcia-elias, W. P. Cooney, K. N. An, R. L. Linscheid, and E. Y. Chao, Wrist kinematics after limited intercarpal arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.14, issue.5, pp.79-80, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(89)80077-2

M. Garcia-elias and W. B. Geissler, Carpal instability dissociative, GREEN'S OPERATIVE HAND SURGERY, pp.554-583, 2005.

M. Garcia-elias, A. L. Lluch, and J. K. Stanley, Three-Ligament Tenodesis for the Treatment of Scapholunate Dissociation: Indications and Surgical Technique, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.31, issue.1, pp.125-134, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.10.011

W. B. Geissler, Arthroscopie management of scapholunate instability, Chir Main, p.25

H. Gellman, D. Kauffman, M. Lenihan, M. J. Botte, and A. Sarmiento, An in vitro analysis of wrist motion: The effect of limited intercarpal arthrodesis and the contributions of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.13, issue.3, pp.378-83, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(88)80013-3

E. Cenda and E. Horii, Theoretical stress analysis in wrist joint-neutral position and functional position, J Hand Surg, vol.25, issue.3, pp.292-295, 2000.

W. W. Gilford, R. H. Bolton, and C. Lambrinudi, The mechanism of thr wrist joint with special reference to fractures of the scaphoid. Guy's Hosp Rep, pp.52-59, 1943.

C. A. Goldfarb, J. Hsu, R. H. Gelberman, and M. Boyer, The Lichtman classification for Kienb??ck's disease: An assessment of reliability, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.28, issue.1, pp.74-80, 2003.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2003.50035

O. Graner, E. Lopes, B. C. Carvalho, and S. Atlas, Arthrodesis of the Carpal Bones in the Treatment of Kienb??ck??s Disease, Painful Ununited Fractures of the Navicular and Lunate Bones with Avascular Necrosis, and Old Fracture-Dislocations of Carpal Bones, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.48, issue.4, pp.767-74, 1966.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-196648040-00008

C. Ozcan, O. Uyulgan, B. Baran, O. Arman, C. Karatosun et al., Biomechanical analysis of load transmission characteristics of limited carpal fusions used to treat kenbock's disease, Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, vol.1, issue.394, pp.35-36, 2005.

T. Hara, E. Horii, K. N. An, W. P. Cooney, R. L. Linscheid et al., Force distribution across wrist joint: application of pressure-sensitive conductive rubber. J Biomechanical analysis of load transmission characteristics of limited carpal fusions used to treat kenbock's disease, Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, vol.39, issue.4, pp.35-36, 2005.

T. Hara, E. Horii, K. N. An, W. P. Cooney, R. L. Linscheid et al., Force distribution across wrist joint: Application of pressure-sensitive conductive rubber, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.17, issue.2, pp.339-386, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(92)90417-N

E. J. Harvey and D. P. Hanel, Bone-Ligament???Bone Reconstruction for Scapholunate Disruption, Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, vol.6, issue.1, pp.2-5, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00130911-200203000-00002

E. J. Harvey, M. Sen, and P. Martineau, A vascularized technique for bone-tissuebone repair in scapholunate dissociation, Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg, vol.lO, issue.3, pp.166-72, 2006.

D. E. Hastings and R. L. Silver, Intercarpal arthrodesis in the management of chronic carpal instability after trauma, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.9, issue.6, pp.834-874, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(84)80060-X

A. J. Helfet, A new operation for ununited fracture of the scaphoid, J Bone Joint Surg, vol.34, p.329, 1952.

T. J. Herbert, R. G. Faithfull, D. J. Mccann, and J. Ireland, Bilateral arthrography of the wrist, The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, vol.15, issue.2, pp.233-238, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-7681(90)90129-R

S. Hom, R. , and L. K. , Attempted scapholunate arthrodesis for chronic scapholunate dissociation, J Hand Surg [Am], vol.16, issue.1, pp.334-343

E. Horii, M. Garcia-elias, A. T. Bishop, W. P. Cooney, R. L. Linscheid et al., Effect on force transmission across the carpus in procedures used to treat Kienb??ck's disease, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.15, issue.3, pp.5-393
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(90)90049-W

O. Ishida and T. M. Tsai, Complications and Results of Scapho-Trapezio-Trapezoid Arthrodesis, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.287, pp.125-155, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-199302000-00020

J. Ishikawa, W. P. Cooney, G. Niebur, K. N. An, A. Minami et al., The effects of wrist distraction on carpal kinematics, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.24, issue.1, pp.113-133, 1999.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.1999.jhsu24a0113

N. Iwasaki, A. Minami, T. Miyazawa, and K. Kaneda, Force distribution through the wrist joint in patients with different stages of Kienb??ck's disease: Using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.25, issue.5, pp.870-876, 2000.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2000.16353

R. P. Johnson, The Acutely Injured Wrist and its Residuals, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.149, pp.33-44, 1980.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198006000-00005

K. Kalb, V. Fuchs, U. Bartelmann, R. Schmitt, and B. Landsleitner, Experiences with the STT (scapho-trapezio-trapezoid) arthrodesis. A retrospective evaluation

A. Kapandji, Biom??canique du carpe et du poignet, Annales de Chirurgie de la Main, vol.6, issue.2, pp.147-169, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0753-9053(87)80031-5

1. A. Karnezis and E. G. Fragkiadakis, Association between objective clinical variables and patient-rated disability of the wrist, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol.84, issue.7, pp.967-70, 2002.
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.84B7.12673

J. M. Kauer, Functional Anatomy of the Wrist, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.149, pp.9-20, 1980.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198006000-00003

R. Kaufmann, J. Pfaeffle, B. Blankenhorn, K. Stabile, D. Robertson et al., Kinematics of the Midcarpal and Radiocarpal Joints in Radioulnar Deviation: An In Vitro Study, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.30, issue.5, pp.937-979, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.05.016

R. Goitz, Kinematics of the inidcarpal and radiocarpal joint in flexion and extension: an in vitro study, J Hand Surg [Am], issue.7, pp.1-142, 2006.

W. B. Kleinman, Management of chronic rotary subluxation of the scaphoid by scaphotrapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis. Rationale for the technique, postoperative changes in biomechanics, and results, Hand Clin, vol.3, issue.1, pp.113-146, 1987.

W. B. Kleinman, C. , and C. , Scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis for treatment of chronic static and dynamic scapho-lunate instability: A 10-year perspective on pitfalls and complications, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.15, issue.3, pp.408-422, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(90)90051-R

W. B. Klan-'man, and ~ a r r o l l , ' ~ . t.; scapho-trapezio'trapezoid arthrodesis for treatmen; of chronic static and dynamic scapho-lunate instability: a 10-year perspective on pitfalls and complications, J Hand Surg [Am], vol.15, issue.3, pp.408-422, 1990.

M. Kobayashi, R. A. Berger, L. Nagy, R. L. Linscheid, S. Uchiyama et al., Normal kinernatics of carpal bones: a three-dimensional analysis of carpal bone motion relative to the radius, J Biomech, issue.8, pp.30-787, 1997.

J. D. Krakauer, A. T. Bishop, and W. P. Cooney, Surgical treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.19, issue.5, pp.75-76, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(94)90178-3

J. N. Kuhlmann, Fahed, 1.; and Baux, S.: Luno-triquetral angle and dislocation of the wrist, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.63, issue.4, pp.262-269, 1997.

C. F. Larsen and V. Brondum, Posttraumatic carpal instability: A 9-year follow-up of 18 patients, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, vol.149, issue.3, pp.465-473, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(88)80014-5

C. J. Lavernia, M. S. Cohen, and J. Taleisnik, Treatment of scapholunate dissociation by ligamentous repair and capsulodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.17, issue.2, pp.354-363, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(92)90419-P

L. Nen, D. And-laulaun, and J. , Séméiologie de la main et du poignet., Sauramps médical

E. M. Levinsohn and A. K. Palmer, Arthrography of the traumatized wrist. Correlation with radiography and the carpal instability series., Radiology, vol.146, issue.3, pp.647-51, 1983.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.146.3.6828677

R. L. Linscheid, Kinematic Considerations of the Wrist, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.202, pp.27-39, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198601000-00005

R. L. Linscheid and J. H. Dobyns, Treatment of scapholunate dissociation. Rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid, Hand Clin, vol.8, issue.4, pp.645-52, 1992.

R. L. Linscheid, J. H. Dobyns, J. W. Beabout, and R. S. Bryan, Traumatic Instability of the Wrist, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.54, issue.8, pp.1612-1644, 1972.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197254080-00003

J. C. Macdermid, R. S. Richards, A. Donner, N. Bellamy, R. et al., Responsiveness of the short form-36, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire, patient-rated wrist evaluation, and physical impairment measurements in evaluating recovery after a distal radius fracture, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.25, issue.2, pp.330-370, 2000.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0330

J. C. Macdermid and V. Tottenham, Responsiveness of the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) and patient-rated wristlhand evaluation (PRWHE) in evaluating change after hand therapy, J Hand Ther, issue.1, pp.17-18, 2004.

A. Marcuzzi, A. Leti-acciaro, G. Caserta, and A. Landi, Ligamentous Reconstruction of Scapholunate Dislocation through a Double Dorsal and Palmar Approach, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.4, pp.445-454, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80145-5

E. Masrnejean, D. Bennouna, and J. Y. Alnot, Traitement de la dissociation scapholunaire ancienne par arthrodèse scapho-lunaire, 21ème cours de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, pp.1-64, 2000.

E. Maurice, P. Mettais, S. Barbary, and G. Dautel, Résultats à court terme des arthrodèses scaphocapitales du poignet sous arthroscopie, Chir Main, vol.24, pp.3-19, 2005.

J. K. Mayfield, Mechanism of Carpal Injuries, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.149, pp.45-54, 1980.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-198006000-00006

J. K. Mayfield, Patterns of injury to carpal ligaments. A spectrum, Clin Orthop Relat Res, issue.187, pp.36-42, 1984.

J. K. Mayfield, R. P. Johnson, and R. F. Kilcoyne, The ligaments of the human wrist and their functional significance, The Anatomical Record, vol.15, issue.3, pp.4-17, 1976.
DOI : 10.1002/ar.1091860307

J. A. Mcauliffe, P. C. Dell, and R. Jaffe, Complications of intercarpal arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1-121, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(93)90413-W

T. D. Meade, L. H. Schneider, and K. Cherry, Radiographic analysis of selective lionment cectinnino a t the r a m a l cranhnirl-a rarlaver ctiirlv 1 Hnnd

J. A. Mcauliffe, P. C. Dell, and R. Jaffe, Complications of intercarpal arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1-12, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(93)90413-W

T. D. Meade, L. H. Schneider, and K. Cherry, Radiographic analysis of selective ligament sectioning at the carpal scaphoid: A cadaver study, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.15, issue.6, pp.855-62, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(90)90003-A

R. Meier, M. Van-griensven, and H. Krimmer, Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT)-Arthrodesis in Kienb??ck???s Disease, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.27, issue.3, pp.580-584, 2004.
DOI : 10.1054/JHSB.1999.0066

M. Merle, G. Dautel, and P. Voche, L'arthroscopie du poignet. Instabilités et lésions . ligamentaires post-traumatiques du carpe, La main traumatique. Tome 2, chirurgie secondaire, le poignet traumatique, pp.397-422, 1995.

E. M. Meyerdierks, J. F. Mosher, and F. W. Werner, Limited wrist arthrodesis: A laboratory study, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.12, issue.4, pp.526-535, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(87)80201-0

P. Y. Milliez, Arthrodèses scapho-lunaires, A propos de 11 cas, pp.35-40, 2003.

A. Minami, T. Kirnura, and K. Suzuki, Long-term results of Kienbock's disease treated by tnscaphe arthrodesis and excisional arthroplasty with a coiled palmaris longus tendon, J Hand Surg [Am], vol.19, issue.2, pp.2-19, 1994.

A. Minami, T. Ogino, and M. Minami, Limited wrist fusions, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.13, issue.5, pp.660-667, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(88)80119-9

Y. Minamikawa, C. A. Peirner, T. Yamaguchi, J. Medige, and F. S. Sherwin, Ideal scaphoid angle for intercarpal arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.17, issue.2, pp.370-375, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(92)90421-K

H. Mitsuyasu, R. M. Patterson, M. A. Shah, W. L. Buford, Y. Iwamoto et al., The role of the dorsal intercarpal ligament in dynamic and static scapholunate instability, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.29, issue.2, pp.279-88, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2003.11.004

S. L. Moran, W. P. Cooney, R. A. Berger, and J. Strickland, Capsulodesis for the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.30, issue.1, pp.16-23, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.07.021

S. L. Moran, K. S. Ford, C. A. Wulf, and W. P. Cooney, Outcomes of Dorsal Capsulodesis and Tenodesis for Treatment of Scapholunate Instability, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.31, issue.9, pp.1438-1484, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.08.002

H. Moritomo, In Vivo Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Midcarpal Joint of the Wrisr, J Bone Joint Surg, vol.88, issue.3, 1921.

S. Muerrnans, L. De-srnet, and H. Van-ransbeeck, Blatt dorsal capsulodesis for scapholunate instability, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.65, issue.4, pp.434-439, 1999.

F. H. Netter, Atlas of human anatomy, version française, 1997.

A. K. Palmer, F. W. Werner, D. Murphy, and R. Glisson, Functional wrist motion: A biomechanical study, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.10, issue.1, pp.39-46, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(85)80246-X

. High-speed, three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the normal wrist, J Hand Surg [Am], vol.23, issue.3, pp.446-53, 1998.

H. A. Peterson and P. R. Lipscomp, Intercarpal Arthrodesis, Archives of Surgery, vol.95, issue.1, pp.127-134, 1967.
DOI : 10.1001/archsurg.1967.01330130129026

K. Pettersson and P. Wagnsjo, Arthrodesis for chronic static scapholunate dissociation: a prospective study in 12 patients, Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, vol.23, issue.3, pp.166-173, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(09)91118-2

S. M. Pisano, C. A. Peirner, D. R. Wheeler, and F. Sherwin, Scaphocapitate intercarpal arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.16, issue.2, pp.328-361, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(10)80121-2

J. Pomerance, Outcome After Repair of the Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament and Dorsal Capsulodesis for Dynamic Scapholunate Instability Due to Trauma, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.31, issue.8, pp.1380-1381, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.07.005

M. J. Ritt, R. A. Berger, A. T. Bishop, and K. N. An, The capitohamate ligaments. A comparison of biomechanical properties, J Hand Surg [Br], issue.4, pp.45-46, 1996.

M. J. Ritt, R. A. Berger, A. T. Bishop, and K. N. An, The capitohamate ligaments. A comparison of biomechanical properties, J Hand Surg [Br], issue.4, pp.45-46, 1996.

M. J. Ritt, R. A. Berger, and J. M. Kauer, The gross and histologie anatomy of the ligaments of the capitohamate joint, J Hand Surg [Am], issue.6, pp.1022-1030, 1996.

M. J. Ritt, R. L. Linscheid, W. P. Cooney, R. A. Berger, and K. N. An, The lunotriquetral joint: Kinematic effects of sequential ligament sectioning, ligament repair, and arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.23, issue.3, pp.432-477, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80461-7

W. D. Rogers and H. K. Watson, Radial styloid impingement after triscaphe arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.14, issue.2, pp.297-327, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(89)90025-7

M. P. Rosenwasser, K. C. Miyasajsa, and R. J. Strauch, The RASL Procedure, Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery, vol.1, issue.4, pp.263-72, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00130911-199712000-00007

M. B. Rotman, P. R. Manske, D. L. Pruitt, and J. Szerzinski, Scaphocapitolunate arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.18, issue.1, pp.26-33, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(93)90240-4

L. K. Ruby, K. N. An, R. L. Linscheid, W. P. Cooney, and E. Y. Chao, The effect of scapholunate ligament section on scapholunate motion, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.12, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(87)80065-5

L. K. Ruby, W. P. Cooney, K. N. An, R. L. Linscheid, and E. Y. Chao, Relative motion of selected carpal bones: A kinematic analysis of the normal wrist, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.13, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(88)90189-X

T. Russel, Intercarpal dislocations and fractures dislocations, J Bone Joint Surg, vol.31, pp.524-53, 1949.

P. Saffar, Arthrodèse scapho-capitale In Cours européen de pathologie chirurgicale du membre supérieur et de la main -2007, pp.199-204, 2007.

P. Saffar and P. , Imagerie et considérations thérapeutiques, Maladie de Kienbock Imagerie de la main et du poignet, pp.205-207, 2001.

P. Saffar, C. Sokolow, and L. Duclos, Soft tissue stabilization in the management of chronic scapholunate instability without osteoarthritis. A 15-year series, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.65, issue.4, pp.424-457, 1999.

S. K. Sarrafian, J. L. Melamed, and G. M. Goshgarian, Study of Wrist Motion in Flexion and Extension, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.126, pp.153-162, 1977.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-197707000-00025

S. Satoh, Load transmission through the wrist joint: a biomechanical study companng the normal and pathological wrist, Journal of Japanese Orthopaedic Association, vol.69, pp.470-483, 1995.

M. Sauerbier, M. Trankle, D. Erdmann, H. Menke, and G. Germann, Functional outcome with scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis in the treatment of Kienbock's disease stage 111, Ann Plast Surg, vol.44, issue.6, pp.6-18, 2000.

N. Saupe, C. W. Pfirrrnann, M. R. Schmid, T. Schertler, M. Nlanestar et al., MR imaging of cartilage in cadaveric wrists: comparison between imaging at 1.5 and 3.0 T and gross pathologic inspection Human carpal ligament recruitment and three-dimensional carpal motion, Radiology J Orthop Res, vol.243, issue.95, pp.180-187, 1991.

R. J. Scheck, C. Kubitzek, R. Hierner, U. Szeimies, T. Pfluger et al., The scapholunate interosseous ligament in MR arthrography of the wrist: correlation with non-enhanced MRI and wrist arthroscopy, Skeletal Radiology, vol.26, issue.5, pp.263-71, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s002560050233

R. Schmitt, Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the carpus, Der Radiologe, vol.205, issue.8, pp.638-686, 2006.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.205.3.9393549

R. Schmitt, G. Christopoulos, R. Meier, G. Coblenz, S. Frohner et al., Direct MR arthrography of the wrist in comparison with arthroscopy: a prospective shidy on 125 patients, Rofo, vol.175, issue.7, pp.9-10, 2003.

F. Schuind, W. P. Cooney, R. L. Linscheid, K. N. An, E. Y. Chao et al., Force and nressiire transmissinn thrniirrh t h e nnrmal wrist A thenretical twn-d i m e n ~ i n n a l qtiidv Krirnmer, H.: Direct MR arthrography of the wrist in comparison with arthroscopy: a prospective study on 125 patients Force and pressure transmission through the normal wrist. A theoretical two-dimensional study in the posteroanterior plane, Rofo J Biomech, vol.1759, issue.28, pp.587-601, 1995.

A. Schweizer and R. Steiger, Long-term results after repair and augmentation ligamentoplasty of rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.27, issue.4, pp.674-84, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2002.34320

G. R. Sennwald and H. Ufenast, Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for the treatment of Kineb??ck's disease, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.3, pp.506-507, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80119-4

W. H. Short, F. W. Werner, M. D. Fortino, and A. K. Palmer, Distribution of pressures and forces on the wrist after simulated intercarpal fusion and Kienb??ck's disease, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.17, issue.3, pp.443-452, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(92)90345-P

W. H. Short, F. W. Werner, J. K. Green, and S. Masaoka, Biomechanical evaluation of ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.27, issue.6, pp.99-100, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2002.35878

W. H. Short, F. W. Werner, J. K. Green, and S. Masaoka, Biomechanical evaluation of ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.27, issue.6, pp.24-34, 2005.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2002.35878

D. B. Siegel and R. H. Gelberman, Radial styloidectomy: An anatomical study with special reference to radiocarpal intracapsular ligamentous morphology, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.16, issue.1, pp.40-44, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(10)80010-3

J. M. Siegel, R. , and L. K. , A critical look at intercarpal arthrodesis: Review of the literature, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.21, issue.4, pp.7-17, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(96)80037-2

R. R. Siater, . Jr, and R. M. Szabo, Scapholunate dissociation: treatment with the dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis: Scapholunate interosseous ligament of the wrist: MR appearances in asymptoinatic volunteers and arthrographically normal wrists, Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg Radiology, vol.3, issue.1921, pp.222-230, 1994.

C. V. Sutro, Treatment of nonunion of the carpal navicular bone, Surgery, vol.20, pp.536-576, 1946.

S. J. Svoboda, W. A. Eglseder, . Jr, and S. M. Belkoff, Autografts from the foot for reconstruction of the scapholunate interosseous ligament, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.6, pp.980-985, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80146-7

R. M. Szabo, R. R. Slater, . Jr, C. F. Palumbo, and T. Gerlach, Dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis for chronic, static scapholunate dissociation: Clinical results, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.27, issue.6, pp.978-84, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2002.36523

Y. Taniguchi, T. Tamaki, T. Honda, and M. Yoshida, Rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid in Kienb??ck's disease is not a cause of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) in the wrist, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol.84, issue.5, pp.684-691, 2002.
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.84B5.12746

D. J. Trudell and D. Resnick, Extrinsic carpal ligaments: normal MR arthrographic appearance in cadavers, Radiology, vol.226, issue.1, pp.17-18, 2003.

M. M. Tomaino and R. J. Nliller, Scapholunate advanced collapse wrist: Proximal row carpectomy or limited wrist arthrodesis with scaphoid excision?, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.19, issue.1, pp.134-176, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(94)90237-2

S. M. Totterman, R. Miller, B. Wasserman, J. S. Blebea, D. J. Rubens et al., lntrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments: evaluation by three-dimensional Fourier transform MR imaging; and Trail, 1. A.: Early results of a modified Brunelli procedure for scapholunate instability 258- f i snco Intrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments: evaluation by three-dimensional Fourier transform MR imaging A.: Early results of a modified Brunelli procedure for scapholunate instability, AJR Am J Roentgenol J Hand Surg [Br] AJR Am J Roentgenol C.; Stanley, J. K.; and Trail J Hand SurgBr], vol.160, issue.232, pp.1-17, 1993.

S. Van-den-dungen, M. Dury, G. Foucher, F. Marin-braun, and P. Lorea, Conservative treatment versus scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis for??Kienbock's disease. A??retrospective??study, Chirurgie de la Main, vol.25, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.main.2006.07.030

S. F. Viegas, Limited arthrodesis for scaphoid nonunion, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.19, issue.1, pp.127-160, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(94)90236-4

D. Hokanson and J. A. , Evaluation of the biomechanical efficacy of limited intercarpal fusions for the treatment of scapho-lunate dissociation, J Hand Surg [Am], vol.15, issue.1, pp.120-128, 1990.

S. F. Viegas, S. Yamaguchi, N. L. Boyd, and R. M. Patterson, The dorsal ligaments of the wrist: Anatomy, mechanical properties, and function, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.24, issue.3, pp.456-68, 1999.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.1999.0456

P. Voche, Arthrodèses partielles dans les instabilités et l'arthrose post-traumatique du poignet, La main traumatique. Tome 2, chirurgie secondaire, le poignet traumatique, pp.423-434, 1995.

P. Voche, C. Bour, M. , and M. , Scapho-Trapezio-Trapezoid Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Kienb??ck???s Disease, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.60, issue.3, pp.5-6, 1992.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197860040-00001

P. Voche, C. Bour, M. Merle, and A. Spaite, L'arthrodèse scapho-trapézotrapézoïdale ou arthrodèse triscaphoïde. Eiude de 36 cas revus, Rev Chir Orthop, vol.79, pp.456-463, 1991.

P. Voche, T. Dubert, C. Laffargue, and A. Gosp-server, Patient-rated wrist questionnaire: preliminary report on a proposed French version of a North American questionnaire designed to assess wrist pain and function, Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, vol.89, issue.5, pp.443-451, 2003.

K. Watanabe, R. Nakamura, E. Horii, and T. Miura, Biomechanical analysis of radial wedge osteotomy for the treatment of Kienb??ck's disease, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.18, issue.4, pp.686-690, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0363-5023(93)90319-X

H. Watson, L. Ottoni, E. C. Pitts, and A. G. Handal, Rotary Subluxation of the Scaphoid: A Spectrum of Instability, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.13, issue.5, pp.62-66, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(88)80118-7

H. K. Watson and F. L. Ballet, The SLAC wrist: Scapholunate advanced collapse pattern of degenerative arthritis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.9, issue.3, pp.358-65, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(84)80223-3

H. K. Watson and D. M. Black, Instabilities of the wrist, Hand Clin, vol.3, issue.1, pp.103-104, 1987.

H. K. Watson, D. M. Monacelli, R. S. Milford, and D. Ashmead, Treatment of Kienb??ck's disease with scaphotrapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.21, issue.1, pp.9-15, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(96)80148-1

H. K. Watson, J. Ryu, and E. Akelman, Limited triscaphoid intercarpal arthrodesis for rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.68, issue.3, pp.345-354, 1986.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-198668030-00005

H. K. Watson, J. Ryu, and A. Dibella, An approach to Kienb??ck's disease: Triscaphe arthrodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.10, issue.2, pp.179-87, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(85)80101-5

H. K. Watson, J. Weinzweig, P. M. Guidera, J. Zeppieri, and D. Ashmead, One Thousand Intercarpal Arthrodeses, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.6, issue.3, pp.307-308, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(81)80074-3

E. R. Weber, Concepts governing the rotational shift of the intercaled segment of the carpus, Orthop Clin North Am, vol.15, issue.2, pp.193-207, 1984.

A. P. Weiss, Scapholunate ligament reconstruction using a bone-retinaculum-bone autograft, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.23, issue.2, pp.205-207, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80115-9

E. R. Weber, Concepts governing the rotational shift of the intercaled segment of the carpus, Orthop Clin North Am, vol.15, issue.2, pp.193-207, 1984.

A. P. Weiss, Scapholunate ligament reconstruction using a bone-retinaculum-bone autograft, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.23, issue.2, pp.205-207, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80115-9

A. P. Weiss, K. Sachar, and K. A. Glowacki, Arthroscopic debridement alone for intercarpal ligament tears, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.22, issue.2, pp.344-353, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(97)80176-1

F. W. Werner, W. H. Short, M. D. Fortino, and A. K. Palmer, The relative contribution of selected carpal bones to global wrist motion during simulated planar and out-of-plane wrist motion, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.22, issue.4, pp.708-721, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(97)80133-5

T. L. Whipple, The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of scapholunate instability, Hand Clin, issue.11, pp.37-40, 1995.

B. Wintman, R. H. Gelberman, and J. N. Katz, Dynamic scapholunate instability: Results of operative treatment with dorsal capsulodesis, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.20, issue.6, pp.971-979, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80145-5

S. W. Wolfe, J. J. Crisco, and L. D. Katz, A Non-Invasive Method for Studying in Vivo Carpal Kinematics, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.60, issue.2, pp.147-52, 1997.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197860040-00001

S. W. Wolfe, C. Neu, and J. J. Crisco, In vivo scaphoid, lunate, and capitate kinematics in flexion and in extension, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.25, issue.5, pp.860-869, 2000.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2000.9423

J. D. Wyrick, B. D. Youse, and T. R. Kiefhaber, Scapholunate Ligament Repair and Capsulodesis for the Treatment of Static Scapholunate Dissociation, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.68, issue.6, pp.776-80, 1998.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-198668030-00005

Y. Youm, R. Y. Mcmurthy, A. E. Flatt, and T. E. Gillespie, Kinematics of the wrist. I. An experimental study of radial-ulnar deviation and flexion-extension., The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, vol.60, issue.4, pp.423-426, 1978.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-197860040-00001

Y. Szalay, M. D. , P. C. , C. , and H. , Long-term results of scaphocapitate intercarpal arthrodesis, Paper presented ut ASSH annual meeting

Y. Szalay, M. D. Peimer, and C. A. , Scaphocapitate Arthrodesis, Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, vol.6, issue.2, pp.56-60, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00130911-200206000-00003

A. I. Zubairy and W. A. Jones, Scapholunate Fusion in Chronic Symptomatic Scapholunate Instability, Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.68, issue.4, pp.3-4, 2003.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-198668030-00005