L. Sévérité-de-la, dysplasie est évaluée en fonction des perturbations architecturales de l'épithélium et du degré d'atypie cellulaire. La classification des différents stades de dysplasies sera abordée ultérieurement

T. Amagasa, E. Yokoo, K. Sato, N. Tanaka, S. Shioda et al., A study of the clinical characteristics and treatment of oral carcinoma in situ, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, vol.60, issue.1, pp.50-55, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4220(85)90215-4

P. Arwidson, C. Leon, and J. Guillemont, Consommation annuelle d'alcool déclarée, France, Bull Epid Heb, pp.34-35, 2005.

M. Ascencio, P. Collinet, M. Cosson, D. Vinatier, and S. Mordon, Int??r??t et place de la th??rapie photodynamique en gyn??cologie, Gyn??cologie Obst??trique & Fertilit??, vol.35, issue.11, pp.1155-1165, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.07.035

A. Auluck, P. Miriam, Z. Lewi, and K. Sumanth, Oral submucous fibrosis, clinically benign disease but potentially malignant disease: report of 3 cases and review of literature, pp.74-735, 2008.

J. Batsakis, A. Hood, and G. Mirowski, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related lesions, Oral Oncology, vol.35, issue.4, pp.354-363, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1368-8375(99)00007-X

M. Baudet-pommel, Prévention et diagnostic précoce des cancers de la cavité buccale : rôle et responsabilité du chirurgien-dentiste. Le Chirurgien dentiste de France, 1997.

J. Bremmer, B. Braakhuis, and H. Ruijter-schippers, PD.66 A non-invasive genetic screening test to detect oral preneoplastic lesions, Oral Oncology Supplement, vol.1, issue.1, pp.1481-1489, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1744-7895(05)80190-7

R. Cabay, T. Morton, and J. Epstein, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: a review of the literature, Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol.34, issue.5, pp.255-61, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1368-8375(98)80007-9

S. Chbicheb, E. Wady, and W. , Lichen plan buccal, EMC

D. Costa, J. Saranath, D. Dedhia, and P. , Detection of HPV-16 genome in human oral cancers and potentially malignant lesions from India, Oral Oncology, vol.34, issue.5, pp.413-433, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1368-8375(98)00028-1

D. Nuncques, M. Depercy, D. Nawrocki, and L. , Traitement des lésions blanches non détachables de la muqueuse buccale par laser CO? : étude rétrospective et prospective

A. Eckardt, O. Starcke, M. Stadler, C. Reuter, and B. Hertenstein, Severe oral chronic graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: highly effective treatment with topical tacrolimus, Oral Oncology, vol.40, issue.8, pp.811-814, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.02.003

D. Elsen, The evaluation of cutaneous, genital, scalp, nail, esophageal and ocular involvement in patients with oral lichen planus, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol.88, pp.431-437, 1999.

J. Epstein, M. Gorsky, S. Lonky, S. Jr, S. Epstein et al., The efficacy of oral lumenoscopy??? (ViziLite??) in visualizing oral mucosal lesions, Special Care in Dentistry, vol.55, issue.2, pp.171-175, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70185-2

J. Epstein, S. Jr, S. Epstein, J. Lonky, S. Bride et al., Analysis of oral lesion biopsies identified and evaluated by visual examination, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue, Oral Oncology, vol.44, issue.6, pp.538-544, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.08.011

F. Femiano, F. Gombos, and C. Scully, Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL); open trial of surgery compared with combined therapy using surgery and methisoprinol in papillomavirus-related PVL, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol.30, issue.4, pp.318-340, 2001.
DOI : 10.1054/ijom.2001.0066

D. Gauzeran and B. Lalonde, Cancers de la cavité buccale : tests diagnostics

D. Gauzeran, Lésions à risque et cancers de la bouche

L. Giovanelli, G. Campisi, and A. Lama, Human Papillomavirus DNA in Oral Mucosal Lesions, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.185, issue.6, pp.33-39, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/339193

R. Gopalakrishnan, C. Werghorst, and T. Lehman, Mutated and wild-type p53 expression and HPV integration in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol.83, issue.4
DOI : 10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90148-7

A. Grimoud, J. Tworkowski, S. Cousty, and J. Lodter, Prélèvements en pratique clinique: microbiologie, cytologie, histologie et immunologie, Encycl Med Chir (Editions Scientifiques et Médicales-Elsevier SAS Odontologie, vol.12, pp.23-738, 2002.

P. Gupta, F. Mehta, and D. Daftary, Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.283-333, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4220(79)90097-5

L. Hansen, J. Olson, and S. Silverman, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, vol.60, issue.3, pp.285-98, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-4220(85)90313-5

V. Hazarey, D. Edward, K. Mundhe, and S. Ughade, Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central India, Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol.160, issue.Suppl., pp.12-19, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1968.76

P. Holmstrup and J. Pindborg, Erythroplakia lesions in relation to oral lichen planus, Acta Dermatovenerol, vol.59, pp.77-84, 1979.

P. Holmstrup, P. Verdtofte, J. Reibel, and K. Stoltze, Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions, Oral Oncology, vol.42, issue.5, pp.461-74, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.08.011

M. Huber, S. Bsoul, and G. Terezhalmy, Acetic acid wash and chemiluminescent illumination as an adjunct to conventional oral soft tissue examination for the detection of dysplasia: a pilot study, Quintessence Int, vol.35, issue.5, pp.378-84, 2004.

R. Kannan, G. Bijur, and S. Mallery, Transforming growth factor-alpha overexpression in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol.82, issue.1, pp.69-74, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S1079-2104(96)80379-9

A. Kerr, D. Sirois, and J. Epstein, Clinical evaluation of chemiluminescent lighting : an adjunct for oral mucosal examinations, J Clin Dent, vol.17, issue.3, pp.59-63, 2006.

R. Kuffer and G. Fiore-donno, Affections pré-épithéliomateuses de la muqueuse buccale : essai de classification, Acta Stomatologica Belgica, vol.72, issue.3, pp.385-391, 1975.

O. Kujan, R. Oliver, A. Khattab, S. Roberts, N. Thakker et al., Evaluation of a new binary system of grading oral epithelial dysplasia for prediction of malignant transformation, Oral Oncology, vol.42, issue.10
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.014

M. Salaspuro, Acetaldehyde production from ethanol by oral streptococci, Oral Oncol, vol.43, pp.181-186, 2007.

K. Lay, M. Sein, A. Myint, S. Ko, and J. Pindborg, Epidemiologic study of 6000 villagers of oral precancerous lesions in Bilugyun: preliminary report, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol.8, issue.3, pp.152-157, 1982.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb01341.x

L. Charpentier, Y. Auriol, and M. , Histopathologie bucco-dentaire et maxillo-faciale, 1997.

M. Lingen, J. Kalmar, T. Karrison, and P. Speight, Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer, Oral Oncology, vol.44, issue.1, pp.10-22, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.06.011

G. Lodi, C. Scully, M. Carrozzo, M. Griffiths, P. Sugerman et al., Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. Part 1. Viral infections and etiopathogenesis, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol.100, issue.1, pp.40-51, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.077

T. Lombardi, J. Samson, and R. Kuffer, Biopsie de la muqueuse buccale, Réalités Cliniques, vol.10, issue.3, pp.339-348, 1999.

S. Lysitsa, A. Najm, S. Lombardi, T. Samson, and J. , Lichen plan buccal : histoire naturelle et transformation maligne, M??decine Buccale Chirurgie Buccale, vol.13, issue.1, pp.19-29, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/mbcb/2007001

URL : http://www.mbcb-journal.org/10.1051/mbcb/2007001/pdf

E. Maladière, F. Bado, and J. Meningaud, Examen clinique en Stomatologie, Stomatologie/Odontologie, pp.22-32, 1999.

A. Mashberg, I. Mackenzie, E. Dabelsteen, and C. Squier, Clinical features of oral malignancy in relation to prognosis, Oral premalignancy. Proceedings of the first Dows symposium, pp.292-303, 1980.

M. Mignogna, S. Fedele, and L. Russo, Dysplasia/neoplasia surveillance in oral lichen planus patients: A description of clinical criteria adopted at a single centre and their impact on prognosis, Oral Oncology, vol.42, issue.8, pp.819-824, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.11.022

M. Mignogna, S. Fedele, L. Russo, L. Muzio, and E. Bucci, Immune activation and chronic inflammation as the cause of malignancy in oral lichen planus: is there any evidence ?, Oral Oncology, vol.40, issue.2, pp.120-150, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.001

C. Miller and B. Johnstone, Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis, 1982-1997, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol.91, issue.6, pp.622-657, 2001.
DOI : 10.1067/moe.2001.115392

T. Morton, R. Cabay, and J. Epstein, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: report of three cases, Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol.105, issue.5, pp.315-323, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00499.x

E. Oh and D. Laskin, Efficacy of the ViziLite System in the Identification of Oral Lesions, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol.65, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/j.joms.2006.10.055

J. Palefsky, S. Jr, S. Abdel-salaam, M. Daniels, T. Greenspan et al., Association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and infection with human papillomavirus type 16, Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine, vol.21, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/0266-4356(92)90263-I

C. Peytral, A. Hazan, E. Chevalier, A. Korniloff, and B. Goddet, Laser en ORL (Avantages compares. Utilisation. Indications courantes), Oto-rhinolaryngologie, pp.20-802, 1995.

E. Piette and H. Reychler, Lésions blanches de la muqueuse buccale et des lèvres, EMC, pp.22-045, 2006.

P. Reichart and H. Philipsen, Oral erythroplakia???a review, Oral Oncology, vol.41, issue.6, pp.551-561, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.12.003

C. Righini, A. Karkas, N. Morel, E. Soriano, and E. Reyt, Facteurs de risque des cancers de la cavit?? buccale, du pharynx (cavum exclu) et du larynx, La Presse M??dicale, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1229-1240, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.03.010

J. Samson, D. Duran, and J. Carrel, Lésions précancéreuses et précurseurs du carcinome épidermoide de la cavité buccale, Réalités Cliniques, vol.10, issue.3, pp.373-387, 1999.

W. Shafer and C. Waldron, Erythroplakia of the oral cavity, Cancer, vol.17, issue.3, pp.1021-1029, 1975.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.1948.01520210094014

M. Schoelch, N. Sekandari, J. Regezi, S. Jr, and S. , Laser management of oral leukoplakias: A follow-up study of 70 patients, The Laryngoscope, vol.1880, issue.6, pp.949-53, 1999.
DOI : 10.1177/000348948609500601

K. Syrjanen and S. Syrjanen, Papillomavirus infections in human disease, pp.1-615, 2000.

S. Syrjanen, Human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol.32, pp.59-66, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.11.017

H. Szpirglas, B. Slama, and L. , Pathologie de la muqueuse buccale, Encycl Med Chir, vol.307, 1999.

M. Thoné, P. Mahy, and H. Reychler, Séméiologie, examen et diagnostic des lésions de la muqueuse orale, Rev Belge Med Dent, vol.3, pp.239-244, 2000.

P. Thompson, Field change and oral cancer: new evidence for widespread carcinogenesis?

M. Vallejo, G. Huerta, R. Cerero, and J. Seoane, Anxiety and Depression as Risk Factors for Oral Lichen planus, Dermatology, vol.203, issue.4, pp.303-310, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000051777

E. Van-der-meij and H. Most, The possible premalignant character of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A prospective five-year follow-up study of 192 patients, Oral Oncology, vol.43, issue.8, pp.742-748, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.09.006

I. Van-der-waal and T. Axell, Oral leukoplakia: a proposal for uniform reporting, Oral Oncology, vol.38, issue.6, pp.521-526, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1368-8375(01)00125-7

I. Van-der-waal, Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia revisited, Oral Oncology, vol.44, issue.8, pp.719-721, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.09.010

S. Warnakulasuriya and W. Newell, Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa, Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol.42, issue.10, pp.575-80, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1079-2104(03)00305-6

S. Warnakulasuriya, J. Reibel, and J. Bouquot, Oral epithelial dysplasia classification systems: predictive value, utility, weaknesses and scope for improvement, Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, vol.8, issue.3, pp.127-133, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1368-8375(98)80007-9

L. Barnes, J. Eveson, P. Reichart, and D. Sidransky, Pathology and Genetics. Head and neck Tumours, Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), vol.2005, pp.177-186

J. Xiaowen and H. Jung, Drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: review of literature, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.67, pp.1510-1525, 2009.

J. Xue, M. Fan, S. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Li et al., A clinical study of 674 patients with oral lichen planus in China, Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine, vol.55, issue.8, pp.467-72, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0001-6519(04)78481-2

R. Zain, N. Ikeda, I. Razak, T. Axell, Z. Majid et al., A national epidemiological survey of oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol.10, issue.5, pp.377-83, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00959.x

J. O~r-titre, « Les lésions précancéreuses de la muqueuse buccale. Rôle de l'Odontologiste : dépistage et prise en charge

L. Président-du-jury and J. Louis, Autorise à soutenir et imprimer la thèse 3-\ ' 7

L. Président-de-l-'université and H. Poincaré, Nancy-l Jlml1 ~r l'r<'~id('nj ('~ p111 Dn~t:11i011, l~, Vjr~·:rJ'fcSidfntr du C(>ll~l'ii (ifL);',1UOtH'J dr la \lf l'l1;\'cr:;il:;i)c, J-P. ~I~~L~t Mel\O~, ~l t Çj:A LF, p.0