S. C. Booth, M. L. Workentine, J. Wen, R. Shaykhutdinov, and H. J. Vogel,

M. , Differences in metabolism between the biofilm and planktonic response to metal stress, 2011.

, J. Proteome Res, vol.10, issue.7, pp.3190-3199

I. H. Brümmer and W. Fehr, Biofilm Community Structure in Polluted Rivers: Abundance of Dominant Phylogenetic Groups over a Complete Annual Cycle, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.66, issue.7, pp.66-3078, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.66.7.3078-3082.2000

F. J. Cervantes, W. Dijksma, T. Duong-dac, A. Ivanova, G. Lettinga et al., Anaerobic Mineralization of Toluene by Enriched Sediments with Quinones and Humus as Terminal Electron Acceptors, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.67, issue.10, pp.4471-4478, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4471-4478.2001

F. J. Cervantes, L. Vu-thi-thu, G. Lettinga, and J. A. Field, Quinone-respiration improves dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by anaerobic sludge, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.64, issue.5, pp.702-711, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00253-004-1564-z

S. K. Chaudhuri and D. R. Lovley, Electricity generation by direct oxidation of glucose in mediatorless microbial fuel cells, Nature Biotechnology, vol.51, issue.40, pp.1229-1232, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/bit.10501

H. Chung, Y. Son, T. K. Yoon, S. Kim, and W. Kim, The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on soil microbial activity, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol.74, issue.4, pp.569-75, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.004

J. W. Costerton, Z. Lewandowski, D. Debeer, D. Caldwell, and D. Korber, Biofilms, the customized microniche., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.176, issue.8, pp.2137-2142, 1994.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.176.8.2137-2142.1994

T. Cui and W. Xue, Assembling three-dimensional carbon nanotube-based cantilever arrays, SPIE Newsroom, 2007.
DOI : 10.1117/2.1200710.0901

R. J. Karreman, E. Dague, F. Gaboriaud, F. Quilès, J. F. Duval et al., The stress response protein Hsp12p increases the flexibility of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics, vol.1774, issue.1, pp.131-137, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.10.009

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02165648

R. M. Donlan, Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.9, pp.881-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0809.020063

A. Dumitru, A. Morozan, M. Ghiurea, K. Scott, and S. Vulpe, Biofilm growth from wastewater on MWNTs and carbon aerogels, physica status solidi (a), vol.52, issue.11, pp.1484-1491, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/pssa.200778136

Y. M. El-naggar, G. Wanger, K. M. Leung, T. D. Yuzvinsky, G. Southam et al., Electrical transport along bacterial nanowires from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.44, issue.7, pp.18127-18131, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/es903043p

J. P. Folsom, L. Richards, B. Pitts, F. Roe, G. D. Ehrlich et al., Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms as revealed by transcriptome analysis, BMC Microbiology, vol.10, issue.1, p.294, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2180-10-294

C. A. Francis, K. L. Casciotti, and B. M. Tebo, Localization of Mn (II)-oxydizing activity and the putative multicopper oxidase, MnxdG, to the exosporium of the marine Bacillus, 2002.

, Arch. Microbiol, vol.178, pp.450-456

Y. Furukawa and J. R. Dale, The surface properties of Shewanella putrefaciens 200 and S. oneidensis MR-1: the effect of pH and terminal electron acceptors, Geochemical Transactions, vol.14, issue.1, p.3, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00027-003-0687-0

W. Ghash, M. Etienne, P. Billard, F. Jorand, and A. Walcarius, Electrochemically assisted bacteria encapsulation in thin hybrid sol-gel films, J. Mater. Chem. B, vol.1, pp.1052-1059, 2013.

W. Ghach, M. Etienne, V. Urbanova, F. Jorand, and A. Walcarius, Sol???gel based ???artificial??? biofilm from Pseudomonas fluorescens using bovine heart cytochrome c as electron mediator, Electrochemistry Communications, vol.38, pp.71-74, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.11.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01507026

M. Ghosh, A. Chakraborty, M. Bandyopadhyay, and A. Mukherjee, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT): Induction of DNA damage in plant and mammalian cells, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.197, pp.327-336, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.090

B. Gottenbos, H. C. Van-der-mei, and H. J. Busscher, Initial adhesion and surface growth ofStaphylococcus epidermidis andPseudomonas aeruginosa on biomedical polymers, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.3, issue.2, pp.208-222, 2000.
DOI : 10.1163/156856292X00213

Y. A. Gorby, S. Yanina, J. S. Mclean, K. M. Rosso, D. Moyles et al., Electrically conductive bacterial nanowires produced by Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 and other microorganisms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.14, issue.6, pp.11358-11363, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ac60289a016

URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/103/30/11358.full.pdf

A. J. Gralnick and D. K. Newman, Extracellular respiration, Molecular Microbiology, vol.184, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt716

URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05778.x

K. Gregory and D. R. Lovley, Remediation and Recovery of Uranium from Contaminated Subsurface Environments with Electrodes, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.39, issue.22, pp.8943-8947, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/es050457e

B. Haddock and C. W. Jones, Bacterial respiration. Bacteriological rev, pp.47-99, 1977.

L. Hall-stoodley, J. W. Costerton, and P. Stoodley, Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.95-108, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00097-4

M. E. Hernandez and D. K. Newman, Extracellular electron transfer, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.58, issue.11, pp.1562-1571, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00000796

D. E. Holmes, D. R. Bond, and D. R. Lovley, Electron Transfer by Desulfobulbus propionicus to Fe(III) and Graphite Electrodes, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.70, issue.2, pp.1234-1237, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.70.2.1234-1237.2004

URL : https://aem.asm.org/content/70/2/1234.full.pdf

S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, vol.354, issue.6348, pp.56-64, 1991.
DOI : 10.1038/354056a0

H. E. Jeong, I. Kim, P. Karam, H. Choi, and P. Yang, Bacterial Recognition of Silicon Nanowire Arrays, Nano Letters, vol.13, issue.6, pp.2864-2873, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/nl401205b

Y. Jiao, P. D-'haeseleer, B. D. Dill, M. Shah, N. C. Verberkmoes et al., ABSTRACT, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.15, pp.77-5230, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.03005-10

S. Kang, M. Pinault, L. D. Pfefferle, and M. Elimelech, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exhibit Strong Antimicrobial Activity, Langmuir, vol.23, issue.17, pp.8670-8673, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/la701067r

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00179017

S. Kang, M. Herzberg, D. F. Rodrigues, and M. Elimelech, Antibacterial Effects of Carbon Nanotubes: Size Does Matter!, Langmuir, vol.24, issue.13, pp.24-6409, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/la800951v

S. Kang, S. Mauter, and M. Elimelech, Microbial Cytotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Implications for River Water and Wastewater Effluent, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.43, issue.7, pp.2648-53, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/es8031506

M. Katsikogianni and Y. F. Missirlis, Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials and of techniques used in estimating bacteria-material interactions. European cells & mat, pp.37-57, 2004.

J. S. Kim, J. H. Sung, K. S. Song, J. H. Lee, S. M. Kim et al., Persistent DNA Damage Measured by Comet Assay of Sprague Dawley Rat Lung Cells after Five Days of Inhalation Exposure and 1 Month Post-Exposure to Dispersed Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Generated by New MWCNT Aerosol Generation System, Toxicological Sciences, vol.77, issue.2, pp.439-448, 2012.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59259-800-5:301

M. Klausen, M. Gjermansen, J. Kreft, and T. Tolker-nielsen, model biofilms, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.261, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/9781555817718.ch7

A. Korenevsky, T. J. Beveridge, and T. J. , The surface physicochemistry and adhesiveness of Shewanella are affected by their surface polysaccharides, Microbiology, vol.153, issue.6, pp.1872-1883, 2007.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.2006/003814-0

N. J. Kotloski and A. J. Gralnick, Flavin Electron Shuttles Dominate Extracellular Electron Transfer by Shewanella oneidensis, mBio, vol.4, issue.1, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/mBio.00553-12

D. P. Lies, M. E. Hernandez, A. Kappler, R. E. Mielke, J. A. Gralnick et al., Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Uses Overlapping Pathways for Iron Reduction at a Distance and by Direct Contact under Conditions Relevant for Biofilms, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.71, issue.8, pp.4414-4426, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4414-4426.2005

B. E. Logan, C. Murano, K. Scott, N. D. Gray, and I. M. Head, Electricity generation from cysteine in a microbial fuel cell, Water Research, vol.39, issue.5, pp.942-952, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.019

D. R. Lovley, J. C. Woodward, and F. H. Chapelle, Rapid anaerobic benzene oxidation with a variety of chelated Fe (III) forms, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.62, pp.288-291, 1996.

D. R. Lovley, D. E. Holmes, and K. P. Nevin, Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) Reduction, Adv Microb Physiol, vol.49, pp.219-286, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2911(04)49005-5

S. K. Manna, S. Sarkar, J. Barr, K. Wise, E. V. Barrera et al., Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Induces Oxidative Stress and Activates Nuclear Transcription Factor-??B in Human Keratinocytes, Nano Letters, vol.5, issue.9, pp.1676-1684, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/nl0507966

T. Metha, M. V. Coppi, S. E. Childers, and D. R. Lovley, Outer membrane C-type cytochromes required for Fe (II) and Mn (IV) oxide reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.71, pp.8634-8641, 2005.

T. Metha, S. E. Childers, R. Glaven, D. R. Lovley, and T. Mester, A putative multicopper protein secreted by an atypical type II secretion system involved in the reduction of insoluble electron acceptors in Geobacter sulfurreducens, pp.2257-2264, 2006.

R. Murga, J. M. Miller, and R. M. Donlan, Biofilm Formation by Gram-Negative Bacteria on Central Venous Catheter Connectors: Effect of Conditioning Films in a Laboratory Model, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.39, issue.6, p.2294, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2294-2297.2001

C. R. Myers and J. M. Myers, Localization of cytochromes to the outer membrane of anaerobically grown Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.174, issue.11, pp.3429-3438, 1992.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.174.11.3429-3438.1992

R. J. Narayan, C. J. Berry, and R. L. Brigmon, Structural and biological properties of carbon nanotube composite films, Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol.123, issue.2, pp.123-129, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.07.007

K. P. Nevin and D. R. Lovley, Lack of Production of Electron-Shuttling Compounds or Solubilization of Fe(III) during Reduction of Insoluble Fe(III) Oxide by Geobacter metallireducens, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.66, issue.5, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.66.5.2248-2251.2000

, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.66, pp.2248-2251

K. P. Nevin and D. R. Lovley, Mechanisms for accessing insoluble Fe(Ill) oxide during dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by Geothrix fermentans, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.168, pp.2294-2299, 2002.

K. P. Nevin and D. R. Lovley, Mechanisms for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction in Sedimentary Environments, Geomicrobiology Journal, vol.54, issue.2, pp.141-159, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/20025891106781

O. 'toole, G. Kolter, and R. , biofilm development, Molecular Microbiology, vol.18, issue.2, pp.295-304, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030547.x

M. Pandurangappa and G. K. Raghu, Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Derivatization and Their Applications, Carbon Nanotubes Applications on Electron Devices, pp.499-526, 2011.
DOI : 10.5772/16635

S. Patil, P. Harnisch, and U. Schröder, Toxicity Response of Electroactive Microbial Biofilms-A Decisive Feature for Potential Biosensor and Power Source Applications, ChemPhysChem, vol.19, issue.13, pp.2834-2837, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/cphc.201000218

M. C. Potter, Electrical Effects Accompanying the Decomposition of Organic Compounds, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Containing Papers of a Biological Character, pp.260-276, 1911.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1911.0073

K. Rabaey, N. Boon, S. D. Siciliano, M. Verhaege, and W. Verstraete, Biofuel Cells Select for Microbial Consortia That Self-Mediate Electron Transfer, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.70, issue.9, pp.5373-5382, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5373-5382.2004

K. Rabaey and W. Verstraete, Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation. Trends in biotechnol, pp.291-299, 2005.

, ANSES (2012) Toxicité et écotoxicité des nanotubes de carbone. Note d'actualité -Etat de l, 2011.

G. Reguera, K. D. Mccarthy, T. Mehta, J. S. Nicoll, M. T. Tuominien et al., Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires, Nature, vol.54, issue.7045, pp.1098-1011, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.003

C. Sanchez, L. Rozes, F. Ribot, C. Laberty-robert, D. Grosso et al., ???Chimie douce???: A land of opportunities for the designed construction of functional inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol.13, issue.1-2, pp.3-39, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crci.2009.06.001

K. Sauer, A. K. Camper, G. D. Eherlich, J. W. Costerton, and D. G. Davies, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Displays Multiple Phenotypes during Development as a Biofilm, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.184, issue.4, pp.1140-1154, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.184.4.1140-1154.2002

R. Shacham, D. Avnir, and D. Mandler, Electrodeposition of Methylated Sol-Gel Films on Conducting Surfaces, Advanced Materials, vol.11, issue.5, pp.1544-1564, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199903)11:5<384::AID-ADMA384>3.0.CO;2-M

T. Sharma, A. Mohanareddy, T. Chandra, and S. Ramaprabhu, Development of carbon nanotubes and nanofluids based microbial fuel cell, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.33, issue.22, pp.33-6749, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.112

A. K. Shukla, P. Suresh, S. Berchmans, and A. Rajendran, Biological fuel cells and their applications, Curr. Science, vol.87, pp.455-468, 2004.

A. A. Shvedova, E. R. Kisin, R. Mercer, A. R. Murray, V. J. Johnson et al., Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol.289, issue.5, pp.698-708, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00280-6

E. Sibottier, S. Sayen, F. Gaboriaud, and A. Walcarius, Factors Affecting the Preparation and Properties of Electrodeposited Silica Thin Films Functionalized with Amine or Thiol Groups, Langmuir, vol.22, issue.20, pp.8366-8373, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/la060984r

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01941946

A. Simon-deckers, S. Loo, M. Mayne-l-'hermite, N. Herlin-boime, N. Menguy et al., Size-, Composition- and Shape-Dependent Toxicological Impact of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes toward Bacteria, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.43, issue.21, pp.8423-8429, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/es9016975

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00430587

L. M. Tender, C. E. Reimers, H. A. Stecher, D. E. Holmes, D. R. Bond et al., Harnessing microbially generated power on the seafloor, Nature Biotechnology, vol.50, issue.8, pp.821-825, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00022-J

S. Timur, U. Anik, D. Odaci, and L. Gorton, Development of a microbial biosensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrodes, Electrochemistry Communications, vol.9, issue.7, pp.1810-1815, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.04.012

V. K. Upadhyayula, S. Deng, M. C. Mitchell, G. B. Smith, V. S. Nair et al., Adsorption kinetics of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on single-walled carbon nanotube aggregates, Water Science & Technology, vol.58, issue.1, pp.179-84, 2008.
DOI : 10.2166/wst.2008.634

V. K. Upadhyayula, S. Deng, M. C. Mitchell, and G. B. Smith, Application of carbon nanotube technology for removal of contaminants in drinking water: A review, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.1, pp.1-13, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.027

V. K. Upadhyayula, S. Deng, G. B. Smith, and M. C. Mitchell, Adsorption of Bacillus subtilis on single-walled carbon nanotube aggregates, activated carbon and NanoCeram???, Water Research, vol.43, issue.1, pp.148-56, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.023

K. A. Weber, L. A. Achenbach, and J. D. Coates, Microorganisms pumping iron: anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.3, issue.10, pp.752-764, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt716

X. M. Yan, B. Y. Shi, J. J. Lu, C. H. Feng, D. S. Wang et al., Adsorption and desorption of atrazine on carbon nanotubes, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.321, issue.1, pp.30-38, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.01.047

M. Zhang, L. Su, and L. Mao, Surfactant functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for layer-by-layer assembling of CNT multi-layer films and fabrication of gold nanoparticle/CNT nanohybrid, Carbon, vol.44, issue.2, pp.276-283, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.021