.. Méthodes-de-segmentation,

.. , Méthode de prise en compte des segments

M. Bassins and V. ,

«. Ptrees and ». , , p.12

.. , Sélection des variables et analyses statistiques, p.12

.. , Critère d'information d'Akaike (AIC), p.12

V. , , p.12

.. , , p.12

É. , , p.13

R. , , p.14

.. Modèles-de-prévision-de-la-surface-terrière-et-des-volumes, , p.14

.. , Apport des méthodes de segmentation, p.15

.. Comparaison-entre-méthodes-de-segmentation, , p.16

D. ,

.. , Modèles de prévision de la surface terrière et des volumes

.. ,

C. and P. ,

R. , , p.22

A. , , p.25

, RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES

H. Akaike, A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.19, issue.6, pp.716-723, 1974.
DOI : 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705

T. Allouis, S. Durrieu, C. Vega, and P. Couteron, Stem Volume and Above-Ground Biomass Estimation of Individual Pine Trees From LiDAR Data: Contribution of Full-Waveform Signals, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol.6, issue.2, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2211863

, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens, vol.6, pp.924-934

C. Antin, R. Pélissier, G. Vincent, and P. Couteron, Crown allometries are less responsive than stem allometry to tree size and habitat variations in an Indian monsoon forest, Trees, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1485-1495, 2013.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.92.1.45

N. Barbier, P. Couteron, J. P. Gastelly-etchegorry, and C. Proisy, Linking canopy images to forest structural parameters: potential of a modeling framework, Annals of Forest Science, vol.112, issue.2, pp.305-311, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JD007821

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00657316

J. Bock, E. Dambrine, G. Dez, J. L. Dupouey, M. Georges-leroy et al., Towards site index mapping in deciduous stands using multi-echo LiDAR data, Proceeding Extending For. Inventory Monit. IUFRO Div. 4, 2009.

P. Bolstad, A. Jenks, J. Berkin, K. Horne, and W. H. Reading, A Comparison of Autonomous, WAAS, Real-Time, and Post-Processed Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Accuracies in Northern Forests, North. J. Appl. For, vol.22, pp.5-11, 2005.

T. Cordonnier, P. Dreyfus, and R. Trouvé, Quelles dimensions et quels indices d'hétérogénéité privilégier pour l'expérimentationdans les peuplements forestiers mélangés ou irréguliers ? Rev Fr LXIV, pp.773-787, 2012.

C. Deleuze, F. Morneau, J. P. Renaud, Y. Vivien, M. Rivoire et al., Estimer le volume total d'un arbre, quelles que soient l'essence, la taille, la sylviculture, la station, p.9, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01143797

S. Fleck, I. Mölder, M. Jacob, T. Gebauer, H. F. Jungkunst et al., Comparison of conventional eight-point crown projections with LIDAR-based virtual crown projections in a temperate old-growth forest, Annals of Forest Science, vol.195, issue.10, pp.1173-1185, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.026

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930801

M. Hollaus, W. Wagner, K. Schadauer, B. Maier, and K. Gabler, Growing stock estimation for alpine forests in Austria: a robust lidar-based approach, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.29, issue.5, pp.1387-1400, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/0471704091

J. Järnstedt, A. Pekkarinen, S. Tuominen, C. Ginzler, M. Holopainen et al., Forest variable estimation using a high-resolution digital surface model, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol.74, pp.78-84, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.08.006

D. Jaskierniak, P. N. Lane, A. Robinson, and A. Lucieer, Extracting LiDAR indices to characterise multilayered forest structure using mixture distribution functions, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.115, issue.2, pp.573-585, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.003

A. Khosravipour, A. K. Skidmore, M. Isenburg, T. Wang, and Y. A. Hussin, Development of an algorithm to generate a LiDAR pit-free canopy height model, SilviLaser SL, vol.30, pp.125-128, 2013.

E. R. Lines, M. A. Zavala, D. W. Purves, and D. A. Coomes, Predictable changes in aboveground allometry of trees along gradients of temperature, aridity and competition, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.400, issue.10, pp.1017-1028, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/23251

J. Lisein, M. Pierrot-deseilligny, S. Bonnet, and P. Lejeune, A Photogrammetric Workflow for the Creation of a Forest Canopy Height Model from Small Unmanned Aerial System Imagery, Forests, vol.36, issue.4, pp.922-944, 2013.
DOI : 10.1139/x04-093

F. Longuetaud, P. Santenoise, F. Mothe, T. Senga-kiessé, M. Rivoire et al., Modeling volume expansion factors for temperate tree species in France, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.292, pp.111-121, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.023

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01001097

S. Magnussen and P. Boudewyn, Derivations of stand heights from airborne laser scanner data with canopy-based quantile estimators, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.28, issue.7, pp.1016-1031, 1998.
DOI : 10.1139/x98-078

S. Magnussen, E. Naesset, T. Gobakken, and G. Frazer, A fine-scale model for area-based predictions of tree-size-related attributes derived from LiDAR canopy heights, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.72, issue.12, pp.312-322, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2008.09.009

M. Maltamo, J. Malinen, P. Packalén, A. Suvanto, and J. Kangas, Nonparametric estimation of stem volume using airborne laser scanning, aerial photography, and stand-register data, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.6, issue.2, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TSMC.1976.5408777

, J. For. Res, vol.36, pp.426-436

M. Maltamo, K. Mustonen, J. Hyyppä, J. Pitkänen, and X. Yu, The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.45, issue.9, pp.1791-1801, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/01431169608948776

J. E. Means, S. A. Acker, B. J. Fitt, M. Renslow, L. Emerson et al., Predicting Forest Stand Characteristics with Airborne Scanning LiDAR, Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensin, vol.66, pp.1367-1371, 2000.

L. Mehtätalo and J. Nyblom, Estimating Forest Attributes Using Observations of Canopy Height: A Model-Based Approach, For. Sci, vol.55, pp.411-422, 2009.

J. Monnet, Caractérisation des forêts de montagne par scanner laser aéroporté : estimation de paramètres de peuplement par régression SVM et apprentissage non supervisé pour la détection de sommets, 2011.

E. Naesset, Determination of mean tree height of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol.52, issue.2, pp.49-56, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-2716(97)83000-6

E. Naesset, T. Gobakken, J. Holmgren, H. Hyyppä, J. Hyyppä et al., Laser scanning of forest resources: the nordic experience, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.3707, issue.2, pp.482-499, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.001

E. Naesset, T. Gobakken, O. M. Bollandsås, T. G. Gregoire, R. Nelson et al., Comparison of precision of biomass estimates in regional field sample surveys and airborne LiDAR-assisted surveys in Hedmark County, Norway, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.130, pp.108-120, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.010

, Office National des Forêts, ONF, 2014.

S. C. Popescu, R. H. Wynne, and R. F. Nelson, Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.73, issue.5, pp.564-577, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00101-2

R. Team, R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing., R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2014.

C. Salas, L. Ene, T. G. Gregoire, E. Naesset, and T. Gobakken, Modelling tree diameter from airborne laser scanning derived variables: A comparison of spatial statistical models, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.114, issue.6, pp.1277-1285, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2010.01.020

L. St-andré, A. Munoz, J. Bock, A. Jolly, J. P. Renaud et al., Modèles allométriques utilisés pour estimer les volumes des arbres, 2013.

R. Valbuena, P. Packalen, L. Mehtätalo, A. García-abril, and M. Maltamo, Characterizing forest structural types and shelterwood dynamics from Lorenz-based indicators predicted by airborne laser scanning, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.84, issue.6, pp.1063-1074, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00379630

M. Vastaranta, V. Kankare, M. Holopainen, X. Yu, J. Hyyppä et al., Combination of individual tree detection and area-based approach in imputation of forest variables using airborne laser data, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol.67, pp.73-79, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.10.006

M. Vastaranta, M. A. Wulder, J. C. White, A. Pekkarinen, S. Tuominen et al., Airborne laser scanning and digital stereo imagery measures of forest structure: comparative results and implications to forest mapping and inventory update, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.108, issue.11, pp.382-395, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.08.003

J. Vauhkonen, L. Ene, S. Gupta, J. Heinzel, J. Holmgren et al., Comparative testing of single-tree detection algorithms under different types of forest, Forestry, vol.87, issue.1, pp.27-40, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00139-1

C. Véga, A. Hamrouni, S. Mokhtari, J. Morel, J. Bock et al., PTrees: A point-based approach to forest tree extraction from lidar data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol.33, pp.98-108, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2014.05.001

C. Véga and B. St-onge, Height growth reconstruction of a boreal forest canopy over a period of 58??years using a combination of photogrammetric and lidar models, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.112, issue.4, pp.1784-1794, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.09.002

U. Vepakomma, B. St-onge, and D. Kneeshaw, Spatially explicit characterization of boreal forest gap dynamics using multi-temporal lidar data, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.112, issue.5, pp.2326-2340, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.10.001

A. Werh and U. Lohr, Airborne laser scanning -an introduction and overview, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens, vol.54, pp.68-82, 1999.

J. C. White, M. A. Wulder, A. Varhola, M. Vastaranta, N. C. Coops et al., A best practices guide for generating forest inventory attributes from airborne laser scanning data using an area-based approach. Can. For, Serv. Inf. Rep. FI-X, 2013.
DOI : 10.5558/tfc2013-132

URL : http://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/pdf/10.5558/tfc2013-132

D. A. Zimble, D. L. Evans, G. C. Carlson, R. C. Parker, S. C. Grado et al., Characterizing vertical forest structure using small-footprint airborne LiDAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.87, issue.2-3, pp.171-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00139-1

URL : https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/10919/65879/1/1000_00012.pdf