C. Pinson, Curcuma et gingembre-un concentré de bienfaits pour votre santé et votre beauté. Eyrolles Ed, p.169, 2012.

. Confucius, Les entretiens de Confucius. FV Ed, p.140, 2016.

. Levacher-de-la-feutrie, L'école de Salerne, ou L'art de conserver la santé. Segaud. 1779, p.408

M. Botineau, Botanique systématique et appliquée des plantes à fleurs

. Alipinia-purpurata and . Wikipédia,

, Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc). (En ligne) disponible sur

A. Euring and . Le-gingembre-plante-médicinale-et-plante-À-Épices,

C. Pinson, Curcuma et gingembre-un concentré de bienfaits pour votre santé et votre beauté, pp.18-20, 2012.

. Société-française-d'ethnopharmacologie and . Zingiber-officinale-roscoe, En ligne) disponible sur

. Oreka-jardinage, Gingembre : savoir planter, tailler, entretenir. (En ligne) disponible sur

F. Cl, R. Lejeune, H. Staub, P. Goetz, and . Zingiber-officinale-roscoe, , vol.4, pp.99-102, 2006.

, Tropical biodiversity. Ginger-Zingiber officinale. (En ligne) disponible sur

J. Febvre and . Monocotylédones, En ligne) disponible sur

, Pharmacopée française 1989 de Zingiber officinale

, American Herbal Products Association

J. Bruneton, Phytothérapie : les données de l'évaluation. Lavoisier Ed, 0200.

. Cuisine-japon, Gari Shoga, gingembre mariné du Japon. (En ligne) disponible sur

, Jus de gingembre et ses bienfaits, En ligne) disponible sur

L. Maladie, Mal des transports, En ligne) disponible sur

L. Maladie, Mal des transports, En ligne) disponible sur

L. Germosen-robineau,

D. Ed, Fort-de-France, p.493, 1999.

. Etre, Les nausées de la grossesse

F. Saberi, Z. Sadat, M. Abedzadeh-kalahroudi, and M. Taebi, Effect of ginger on relieving nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomized, placebocontrolled trial, Nurs Midwifery Studies, issue.1, p.3, 2014.

Z. Basirat, The Effect of Giner Biscuit on Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy, Acta Medica Iranica, vol.47, pp.52-56, 2009.

E. Viljoen, J. Visser, N. Koen, and A. Musekiwa, A systematic review and metaanalysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancyassociated nausea and vomiting, Nutrition Journal, pp.13-20, 2013.

M. Thomson, R. Corbin, and L. Leung, Effects of ginger for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis, Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, vol.27, issue.1, pp.115-122, 2014.

M. Ding, M. Leach, and H. Bradley, The effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review, Woman and Birth, vol.26, issue.1, pp.26-30, 2013.

H. Seid-javadi, E. Salehi, F. Mashrabi, and O. , Comparing the effectiveness of vitamin b6 and ginger in treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obestetrics and Gynecology International, 2013.

A. Giacosa, P. Morazzoni, E. Bombardelli, A. Riva, G. Bianchi-porro et al., Can nausea and vomiting be treated with ginger extract, European Review of Medical and Pharmacological Science, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1291-1296, 2015.

. Nausées, Les médicaments au service de l'humanité (En ligne) disponible sur

, Prise en charge des nausées et vomissements chimio-induits, Référentiels inter-régionaux en soins oncologiques de support

. Mednet, Prévention et traitement des nausées et vomissements chimioinduits. (En ligne) disponible sur

J. L. Eurotext, Physiopathologie des vomissements en chimiothérapie oncologique, vol.3, 1997.

. Oncoprof, Mécanisme des vomissements induits par la chimiothérapie, En ligne) disponible sur

W. Marx, K. Ried, A. L. Mccarthy, L. Vitetta, A. Sali et al., Ginger-Mechanism of Action in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Review, Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition, p.7, 2015.

Z. Jin, G. Lee, S. Kim, C. S. Park, Y. S. Park et al., Ginger and its pungent constituents non-competitively inhibit serotonin currents on visceral afferent neurons, The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, vol.18, issue.2, pp.149-153, 2014.

M. Arslan and L. Ozdemir, Oral intake of ginger for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer, Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, vol.19, issue.5, pp.92-97, 2015.

J. L. Ryan, C. E. Heckler, J. A. Roscoe, S. R. Dakhil, J. Kirshner et al., Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapyinduced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer, vol.20, pp.1479-1489, 2012.

S. M. Zick, M. T. Ruffin, J. Lee, D. P. Normolle, R. Siden et al., Phase II trial of encapsulated ginger as a treatment for chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting. Support Care Cancer, vol.17, pp.563-572, 2009.

, Nausées et vomissements postopératoires en ambulatoire : tolérance zéro. Mapar (En ligne) disponible sur

K. Boufferache, Risque de survenue des nausées et vomissements postopératoires : étude pilote « rémifentanil versus sufentanil ». Mémoire d'anesthésie-réanimation, p.33, 2009.

A. Kalava, S. J. Darji, A. Kalstein, J. M. Yarmush, J. Schianodicola et al., Efficacy of ginger on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective cesarean section patients, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol.169, issue.2, pp.184-188, 2013.

A. S. Montazeri, A. Hamidzadeh, M. Raei, M. Mohammadiun, A. S. Montazeri et al., Evaluation of Oral Ginger Efficacy against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, issue.12, p.15, 2013.

P. Mandal, A. Das, S. Majumdar, T. Bhattacharyya, T. Mitra et al., The efficacy of ginger added to ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery, Pharmacognosy Research, vol.6, issue.1, pp.52-57, 2014.

A. Mamaghani, M. Maham, and B. Dalir-naghadeh, Effects of ginger extract on smooth muscle activity of sheep reticulum and rumen, Veterinary Research Forum, vol.4, issue.2, pp.91-97, 2013.

A. Riyazi, A. Hensel, K. Bauer, N. Geissler, S. Schaaf et al., The effect of the volatile oil from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale), its fractions and isolated compounds on the 5-HT3 receptor complex and the serotoninergic system of the rat ileum. Planta medica, vol.73, pp.355-362, 2007.

R. Haniadka, E. Saldanha, V. Sunita, P. L. Palatty, R. Fayad et al., A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food ans Function, pp.845-855, 2013.

S. S. Zaghlool, B. A. Shehata, A. A. Abo-seif, A. El-latif, and H. A. , Protective effects of ginger and marshmallow extracts on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats, vol.6, pp.421-428, 2015.
DOI : 10.4103/0976-9668.160026

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4518423/pdf

J. Duke, Crc Hanbook of Medicinal Spices, p.345, 2003.

G. , Informations sur Helicobacter pylori

. Mediscope, Infection à Helicobacter pylori

M. N. Siddaraju and S. M. Dharmesh, Inhibition of gastric H+, K+-ATPase and Helicobacter pylori growth by phenolic antioxidants of Zingiber officinale. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, vol.51, pp.324-332, 2007.

K. Gaus, Y. Huang, D. A. Israel, S. L. Pendland, B. A. Adeniyi et al., Standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract reduces bacterial load and suppresses acute and chronic inflammation in Mongolian gerbils infected with cagAHelicobacter pylori, Pharmaceutical Biology, vol.47, issue.1, pp.92-98, 2008.

A. Nostro, L. Cellini, D. Bartolomeo, S. Cannatelli, M. A. et al., Effects of combining extracts (from propolis or Zingiber officinale) with clarithromycin on Helicobacter pylori, Phytotherapy Resaerch, vol.20, issue.3, pp.187-190, 2006.

S. C. Ho, K. S. Chang, and C. C. Lin, Anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of fresh ginger is attributed mainly to 10-gingerol. Food Chemistry, vol.141, pp.3183-3191, 2013.

H. Shimoda, S. J. Shan, J. Tanaka, A. Seki, J. W. Seo et al., Anti-inflammatory properties of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) extract and suppression of nitric oxide production by its constituents, Journal of Medicinal Food, vol.13, issue.1, pp.156-162, 2010.

R. D. Altman and K. C. Marcussen, Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis, Arthritis Rheum, vol.44, issue.11, pp.2531-2538, 2001.

G. Paramdeep, Efficacy and tolerability of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in patients of osteoarthritis of knee, Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, vol.57, issue.2, pp.177-183, 2013.

E. M. Bartels, V. N. Folmer, H. Bliddal, R. D. Altman, C. Juhl et al., Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, vol.23, pp.13-21, 2015.

R. Barouki, Stress oxydant et vieillissement, Médecine/Sciences, vol.22, issue.3, pp.266-272, 2006.

H. Arshad, M. Fahad, and M. Salah, Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities, International Journal of Physiology, vol.6, issue.2, pp.125-136, 2014.

M. Höferl, I. Stoilova, J. Wanner, E. Schmidt, L. Jirovetz et al., Composition and Comprehensive Antioxidant Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oil from Ecuador. Natural Products Communication, vol.10, pp.1085-1090, 2015.

, Alzheimer (En ligne) disponible sur

G. Oboh, A. O. Ademiluyi, and A. J. Akinyemi, Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities and some pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain by two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale), Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, vol.64, issue.4, pp.315-319, 2012.

R. Grzanna, P. Phan, A. Polotsky, L. Lindmark, and C. G. Frondoza, Ginger extract inhibits beta-amyloid peptide-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in cultured THP-1 monocytes, The Journal of Alternative and Complementay Medicine, vol.10, issue.6, pp.1009-1013, 2005.

M. Mathew and S. Subramanian, In vitro evaluation of anti-Alzheimer effects of dry ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract, Inidan Journal Exp Biology, vol.52, issue.6, pp.606-612, 2014.

. Cclin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (En ligne) disponible sur

L. Kumar, S. Chhibber, and K. Harjai, Zingerone inhibit biofilm formation and improve antibiofilm efficacy of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Fitoterapia, issue.8, p.73, 2013.

L. Kumar, S. Chhibber, and K. Harjai, Structural alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by zingerone contribute to enhanced susceptibility to antibiotics, serum and phagocytes, Life Science, vol.117, issue.1, pp.24-32, 2014.

F. Born, Streptococcus mutans (En ligne) disponible sur

G. Nicolas, Streptococcus mutans et les streptocoques buccaux dans la plaque dentaire. Presses scientifiques du CNRC, vol.57, p.20, 2011.

S. Hasan, M. Danishuddin, and A. U. Khan, Inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale towards Streptococcus mutans virulence and caries development: in vitro and in vivo studies, BMC Microbiology, issue.1, p.15, 2015.

P. Lopez, C. Sanchez, R. Batlle, and C. Nerin, Solid-and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.53, issue.17, pp.6939-6946, 2005.

S. S. Mabrouk and N. M. El-shayeb, Inhibition of aflatoxin formation by some spices, Z Lebensm Unters Forsch, vol.171, issue.5, pp.344-347, 1980.

I. R. Kubra, P. S. Murthy, and L. J. Rao, In vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties, Journal of Food Science, issue.1, p.78, 2012.

, Schistosomiasis (En ligne) disponible sur

E. S. Pharma-mémo-infectiologie-;-vernazobresgrego-ed and . Paris, ASPC (Agence de la Santé Publique du Canada). Schistosoma spp (En ligne) disponible sur, vol.1, 2011.

L. Sanderson, A. Bartlett, and P. J. Whitfield, In vitro and in vivo studies on the bioactivity of a ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract towards adult schistosomes and their egg production, Journal of Helminthology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.241-247, 2002.

O. M. Mostafa, R. A. Eid, and M. A. Adla, Antischistosomal activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Schistosoma mansoni harbored in C57 mice, Parasitology Research, vol.109, issue.2, pp.395-403, 2011.

H. F. Aly and M. M. Mantawy, Efficiency of ginger against Schistosoma mansoni infection during host-parasite association, Parasitology International, vol.62, issue.4, pp.380-389, 2013.

S. H. Seif-el-din, N. M. El-lakkany, and M. A. Mohamed,

O. and B. Ss, Potential effect of the medicinal plants Calotropis procera, Ficus elastica and Zingiber officinale against Schistosoma mansoni in mice, Pharmaceutical Biology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.144-150, 2013.

R. J. Lin, C. Y. Chen, C. M. Lu, Y. H. Ma, L. Y. Chung et al., Anthelmintic constituents from ginger against Hymenolepis nana, Acta Tropica, vol.140, pp.50-60, 2014.

E. K. Bazh and N. M. El-bahy, In vitro and in vivo screening of anthelmintic activity of ginger and curcumin on Ascaridia galli, Parasitology Research, vol.112, issue.11, pp.3679-3686, 2013.

G. Levy, D. Zilberg, G. Paladini, and S. Fridman, Efficacy of ginger-based treatments against infection with Gyrodactylus turnbulli in the guppy, Veterinary Parasitology, vol.209, issue.3-4), pp.235-241, 2015.

V. Haddad, Pharma-mémo biochimie clinique, vol.1

. Vernazobres-grego-ed, , p.322, 2011.

Y. Li, V. H. Tran, C. C. Duke, and B. D. Roufogalis, Preventive and Protective Properties of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) in Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Complications, and Associated Lipid and Other Metabolic Disorders: A Brief Review, 2012.

F. Shidfar, A. Rajab, T. Rahideh, N. Khandouzi, S. Hosseini et al., The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on glycemic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes, Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, vol.12, issue.2, pp.165-170, 2015.

H. Mozaffari-khosravi, B. Talaei, and B. A. Jalali,

M. Moyazan, The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, vol.22, issue.1, pp.9-16, 2014.

N. Khandouzi, F. Shidfar, A. Rajab, T. Rahideh, P. Hosseini et al., The effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin a1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein a-I and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol.14, issue.1, pp.131-140, 2015.

T. Arablou, N. Aryaeian, M. Valizadeh, F. Sharifi, A. Hosseini et al., The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol.65, issue.4, pp.515-520, 2014.

P. Azimi, R. Ghiasvand, A. Feizi, M. Hariri, and B. Abbasi, Effects of Cinnamon, Cardamom, Saffron, and Ginger Consumption on Markers of Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. The Reviaw of Diabetic Studies, vol.11, pp.258-266, 2014.

H. Imani, H. Tabibi, I. Najafi, S. Atabak, M. Hedayati et al., Effects of ginger on serum glucose, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients, Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, issue.5, pp.703-707, 2015.

S. Mahluji, V. E. Attari, M. Mobasseri, L. Payahoo, A. Ostadrahimi et al., Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on plasma glucose level, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol.64, issue.6, pp.682-686, 2013.

M. Saraswat, P. Suryanarayana, P. Y. Reddy, M. A. Patil, and N. Balakrishna,

G. B. Reddy, Antiglycating potential of Zingiber officinalis and delay of diabetic cataract in rats. Molecular Vision, vol.16, pp.1525-1537, 2010.

P. Thiraphatthanavong, J. Wattanathorn, S. Muchimapura, W. Thukhammee, K. Lertrat et al., The Combined Extract of Purple Waxy Corn and Ginger Prevents Cataractogenesis and Retinopathy in StreptozotocinDiabetic Rats, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol.156, issue.7, pp.893-897, 2011.

G. El-akabawy and W. El-kholy, Neuroprotective effect of ginger in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Annals of Anatomy, vol.196, issue.2-3, pp.119-128, 2014.

A. J. Akinyemi, G. Oboh, A. O. Ademiluyi, A. A. Boligon, M. Athayde et al., Effect of Two Ginger Varieties on Arginase Activity in Hypercholesterolemic Rats, Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, vol.2016, issue.2, pp.80-87

, Antihypercholesterolaemic effect of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) in rats, Inflammopharmacology, vol.18, issue.6, pp.309-315, 2010.

U. Bhandari, J. N. Sharma, and R. Zafar, The protective action of ethanolic ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in cholesterol fed rabbits, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, issue.2, pp.167-171, 1998.

H. Tabibi, H. Imani, S. Atabak, I. Najafi, M. Hedayati et al., Effects of Ginger on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Peritoneal Dialysis International, vol.36, issue.2, pp.140-145, 2016.

C. E. Mccrea, S. G. West, P. M. Kris-etherton, J. D. Lambert, T. L. Gaugler et al., Effects of culinary spices and psychological stress on postprandial lipemia and lipase activity: results of a randomized crossover study and in vitro experiments, Journal of Translational Medicine, issue.7, p.13, 2015.

M. Faculté-de-médecine-pierre and . Curie,

P. Brahma-naidu, V. V. Uddandrao, R. Naik, R. Suresh, P. Meriga et al., Ameliorative potential of gingerol: Promising modulation of inflammatory factors and lipid marker enzymes expressions in HFD induced obesity in rats, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol.419, pp.139-147, 2016.

M. Akiko, W. Zhongzhi, T. Shunsaku, T. Takahiro, M. Norimasa et al.,

H. , Upregulation of mRNA of retinoid binding protein and fatty acid binding protein by cholesterol enriched-diet and effect of ginger on lipid metabolism, Life Sciences, vol.84, pp.903-907, 2009.

L. Lei, Y. Liu, X. Wang, R. Jiao, K. Y. Ma et al., Plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of gingerol-and shogaol-enriched extract is mediated by increasing sterol excretion, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.62, issue.43, pp.10515-10521, 2014.

H. Gehan and . Heeba, Effect of combined administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and atorvastatin on the liver of rats, Phytomedecine, issue.14, pp.1076-1081, 2010.

A. S. Abdel-azeem, A. M. Hegazy, K. S. Ibrahim, A. R. Farrag, and E. M. El-sayed,

. Hepatoprotective, Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and vitamin E in acetaminophen treated rats, J Diet Supplement, vol.10, issue.3, pp.195-209, 2013.

. Infocancer, Le cancer : la maladie du désordre

S. H. Habib, S. Makpol, A. Hamid, N. A. Das, S. Ngah et al.,

. , Zingiber Officinale) has Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Ethionine-Induced Hepatoma Rats, Clinics, vol.63, issue.6, pp.807-813, 2008.

E. Lee and Y. J. Surh, Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells by pungent vanilloids, Cancer Lett, vol.134, issue.2, pp.163-168, 1998.

P. Viswanadha, A. Swamidurai, and M. R. Kunga, Induction of Apoptosis by Ginger in HEp-2 Cell Line Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol.100, pp.302-307, 2007.

C. C. Wang, L. G. Chen, L. T. Lee, and L. L. Yang, Effects of 6-gingerol, an antioxidant from ginger, on inducing apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells, vol.17, pp.641-645, 2003.

N. Rastogi, S. Duggal, S. K. Singh, K. Porwal, V. K. Srivastava et al., Proteasome inhibition mediates p53 reactivation and anti-cancer activity of 6-Gingerol in cervical cancer cells, Oncotarget, issue.41, p.6, 2015.

E. C. Kim, J. K. Min, T. Y. Kim, S. J. Lee, H. O. Yang et al.,

, Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, vol.335, pp.300-308, 2005.

E. Vangu and . Sexualité, initiations et étapes du mariage en Afrique. Publibook Ed, p.234, 2012.

S. Kotta, S. Ansari, and J. Ali, Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs. Pharmacognosy Review, vol.7, pp.1-10, 2007.

P. Kamtchouing, M. Fandio, G. Y. Dimo, T. Jatsa, and H. B. , Evaluation of androgenic activity of Zingiber officinale and Pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats, Asian Journal of Andrology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.299-301, 2002.