I. Qu'est-ce-que-la-maladie-de-crohn and ?. .. ,

A. Définition???????????????????, , p.23

B. Epidémiologie?????????????????????????, , p.23

C. .. Classification?????????????????????? and . ??, , p.23

. Ii, Histoire naturelle de la maladie de Crohn????????????????? 25

A. , Présentation clinique au diagnostic???????????????, p.25

B. , Evolution de l'atteinte luminale?????????????????? 25

C. Evènements and . .. Complications??????????????????, , vol.26

. , Evaluation de l'activité de la maladie de Crohn?????????, ?????, vol.29

, A. Evaluation clinique???????????????????????, p.29

B. , Evaluation biologique??????????????????????, p.29

, C. Evaluation endoscopique???????????????????...?, vol.30

I. V. La,

A. Définition????????????????????,

B. Objectif,

C. ?. Conséquences????????????????????? and . ??, , p.33

V. , Place de l'imagerie dans l'évaluation de l'activité dans la maladie de Crohn???, vol.34

A. , , p.35

B. .. ????, , p.35

C. .. Imagerie-par-résonance-magnétique?????????????, ??, vol.36

V. I. , IRM de diffusion dans la maladie de Crohn iléale et colique?????????, p.39

A. , Principes et technique de l'IRM de diffusion???????????, p.39

B. , Interprétation de l'IRM de diffusion????????????????, p.39

C. , Apport de l'IRM de diffusion??????????????????, p.40

. , VII. Scores radiologiques

B. Score-de-clermont???????????????????????, , vol.45

B. .. Score-de-nancy????????????????????? and . .. ??, , p.45

. Viii, Problématique et construction de notre étude????????, p.49

I. X. Bibliographie??????????????????????? and . ??, ??, vol.50

X. Article??????????????????????? and . .. ??????, , vol.57

I. X. Bibliographie,

G. Bouguen, B. G. Levesque, B. G. Feagan, A. Kavanaugh, L. Peyrin-biroulet et al., Treat to target: a proposed new paradigm for the management of Crohn
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878688

, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc, vol.13, issue.6, pp.1042-1050, 2015.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, W. Sandborn, B. E. Sands, W. Reinisch, W. Bemelman et al., Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): Determining Therapeutic Goals for Treat-to-Target, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.110, issue.9, pp.1324-1362, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191653

G. Bouguen, B. G. Levesque, S. Pola, E. Evans, and W. J. Sandborn, Endoscopic assessment and treating to target increase the likelihood of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc, vol.12, issue.6, pp.978-85, 2014.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, M. Ferrante, F. Magro, S. Campbell, D. Franchimont et al., Results from the 2nd Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. I: Impact of mucosal healing on the course of inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, vol.5, issue.5, pp.477-83, 2011.

S. C. Shah, J. Colombel, B. E. Sands, and N. Narula, Systematic review with meta-analysis: mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.43, issue.3, pp.317-350, 2016.

V. Annese, M. Daperno, M. D. Rutter, A. Amiot, P. Bossuyt et al., European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, vol.7, issue.12, pp.982-1018, 2013.

A. Buisson, J. Chevaux, H. Hudziak, L. Bresler, M. Bigard et al., Colonoscopic perforations in inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study in a French referral centre, Dig Liver Dis Off J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver, vol.45, issue.7, pp.569-72, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01700991

J. Panes, Y. Bouhnik, W. Reinisch, J. Stoker, S. A. Taylor et al., Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidencebased consensus guidelines, J Crohns Colitis, vol.7, issue.7, pp.556-85, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01704202

A. Oussalah, V. Laurent, O. Bruot, A. Bressenot, M. Bigard et al.,

, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance without bowel preparation for detecting colonic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, Gut, vol.59, issue.8, pp.1056-65, 2010.

V. Laurent, S. Naudé, L. Vuitton, C. Zallot, C. Baumann et al., Accuracy of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Colonography in Assessing Mucosal Healing and the Treatment Response in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis, J Crohns Colitis, vol.11, issue.6, pp.716-739, 2017.

I. Ordás, J. Rimola, S. Rodríguez, J. M. Paredes, M. J. Martínez-pérez et al., Accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography in assessing response to therapy and mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease, Gastroenterology, vol.146, issue.2, pp.374-412, 2014.

J. Rimola, I. Ordás, S. Rodriguez, O. García-bosch, M. Aceituno et al., Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of Crohn's disease: validation of parameters of severity and quantitative index of activity, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.17, issue.8, pp.1759-68, 2011.

J. Rimola, A. Alvarez-cofiño, T. Pérez-jeldres, S. Rodríguez, I. Alfaro et al., Increasing efficiency of MRE for diagnosis of Crohn's disease activity through proper sequence selection: a practical approach for clinical trials, 2017.

A. Jauregui-amezaga, J. Rimola, I. Ordás, S. Rodríguez, A. Ramírez-morros et al., Value of endoscopy and MRI for predicting intestinal surgery in patients with Crohn's disease in the era of biologics, Gut, vol.64, issue.9, pp.1397-402, 2015.

J. Torres, S. Mehandru, J. Colombel, P. , and L. , Crohn's disease, Lancet, 2016.

C. Gower-rousseau, F. Vasseur, M. Fumery, G. Savoye, J. Salleron et al., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases: new insights from a French population-based registry (EPIMAD). Dig Liver Dis Off, J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver, vol.45, issue.2, pp.89-94, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01701899

J. Satsangi, M. S. Silverberg, S. Vermeire, and J. Colombel, The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications, Gut, vol.55, issue.6, pp.749-53, 2006.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, E. V. Loftus, J. Colombel, and W. J. Sandborn, The natural history of adult Crohn's disease in population-based cohorts, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.105, issue.2, pp.289-97, 2010.

D. A. Schwartz, J. H. Pemberton, and W. J. Sandborn, Diagnosis and treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn disease, Ann Intern Med, vol.135, issue.10, pp.906-924, 2001.

J. Cosnes, S. Cattan, A. Blain, L. Beaugerie, F. Carbonnel et al., Long-term evolution of disease behavior of Crohn's disease, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.8, issue.4, pp.244-50, 2002.

C. Zallot and L. Peyrin-biroulet, Clinical risk factors for complicated disease: how reliable are they?, Dig Dis Basel Switz, vol.30, issue.3, pp.67-72, 2012.

B. Pariente, J. Cosnes, S. Danese, W. J. Sandborn, M. Lewin et al., Development of the Crohn's disease digestive damage score, the Lémann score, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1415-1437, 2011.

F. Gomollón, A. Dignass, V. Annese, H. Tilg, G. Van-assche et al.,

, European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management, J Crohns Colitis. janv, vol.11, issue.1, pp.3-25, 2017.

W. A. Faubion, E. V. Loftus, W. S. Harmsen, A. R. Zinsmeister, and W. J. Sandborn, The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study, Gastroenterology, vol.121, issue.2, pp.255-60, 2001.

A. Buisson, J. Chevaux, P. B. Allen, G. Bommelaer, and L. Peyrin-biroulet, Review article: the natural history of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.35, issue.6, pp.625-658, 2012.

P. Rutgeerts, K. Geboes, G. Vantrappen, J. Beyls, R. Kerremans et al., Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn's disease, Gastroenterology, vol.99, issue.4, pp.956-63, 1990.

M. Daperno, F. Castiglione, L. De-ridder, I. Dotan, M. Färkkilä et al., Results of the 2nd part Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. II: Measures and markers of prediction to achieve, detect, and monitor intestinal healing in inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, vol.5, issue.5, pp.484-98, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00692507

L. Vuitton, P. Marteau, W. J. Sandborn, B. G. Levesque, B. Feagan et al., IOIBD technical review on endoscopic indices for Crohn's disease clinical trials, Gut, vol.65, issue.9, pp.1447-55, 2016.

J. F. Colombel, W. J. Sandborn, W. Reinisch, G. J. Mantzaris, A. Kornbluth et al., Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn's disease, N Engl J Med, vol.362, issue.15, pp.1383-95, 2010.

C. Af-björkesten, U. Nieminen, U. Turunen, P. Arkkila, T. Sipponen et al., Surrogate markers and clinical indices, alone or combined, as indicators for endoscopic remission in anti-TNF-treated luminal Crohn's disease, Scand J Gastroenterol, vol.47, issue.5, pp.528-565, 2012.

P. Rutgeerts, G. Van-assche, W. J. Sandborn, D. C. Wolf, K. Geboes et al., Adalimumab induces and maintains mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease: data from the EXTEND trial, Gastroenterology, vol.142, issue.5, pp.1102-1111, 2012.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, W. Reinisch, J. Colombel, G. J. Mantzaris, A. Kornbluth et al., Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial, Gut, vol.63, issue.1, pp.88-95, 2014.

P. Rutgeerts, R. H. Diamond, M. Bala, A. Olson, G. R. Lichtenstein et al., Scheduled maintenance treatment with infliximab is superior to episodic treatment for the healing of mucosal ulceration associated with Crohn's disease, Gastrointest Endosc, vol.63, issue.3, pp.433-442, 2006.

M. Lemann, J. Colombel, and J. Grimaud, Fecal calprotectin and high sensitivity c-reactive protein levels to predict mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease. A subanalysis of the STORI study, Gut, vol.59, p.80, 20100.

M. H. Mosli, G. Zou, S. K. Garg, S. G. Feagan, J. K. Macdonald et al., C-Reactive Protein, Fecal Calprotectin, and Stool Lactoferrin for Detection of Endoscopic Activity in Symptomatic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.110, issue.6, pp.802-819, 2015.

M. Allez, M. Lemann, J. Bonnet, P. Cattan, R. Jian et al., Long term outcome of patients with active Crohn's disease exhibiting extensive and deep ulcerations at colonoscopy, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.97, issue.4, pp.947-53, 2002.

M. Noman, M. Ferrante, R. Bisschops, D. Hertogh, G. Van-den-broeck et al., Vedolizumab induces long term mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, J Crohns Colitis, 2017.

D. 'haens, G. Geboes, K. Rutgeerts, and P. , Endoscopic and histologic healing of Crohn's (ileo-) colitis with azathioprine, Gastrointest Endosc, vol.50, issue.5, pp.667-71, 1999.

M. Mañosa, J. E. Naves, C. Leal, E. Cabré, V. Moreno et al., Does methotrexate induce mucosal healing in Crohn's disease?, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.16, issue.3, pp.377-385, 2010.

J. Panés, R. Bouzas, M. Chaparro, V. García-sánchez, J. P. Gisbert et al., Systematic review: the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, assessment of activity and abdominal complications of Crohn's disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.34, issue.2, pp.125-170, 2011.

D. Strobel, R. S. Goertz, and T. Bernatik, Diagnostics in inflammatory bowel disease: ultrasound, World J Gastroenterol, vol.17, issue.27, pp.3192-3199, 2011.

A. N. Desmond, K. O'regan, C. Curran, S. Mcwilliams, T. Fitzgerald et al.,

, Crohn's disease: factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation, Gut, vol.57, issue.11, pp.1524-1533, 2008.

J. M. Peloquin, D. S. Pardi, W. J. Sandborn, J. G. Fletcher, C. H. Mccollough et al., Diagnostic ionizing radiation exposure in a population-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.103, issue.8, pp.2015-2037, 2008.

M. Zappa, C. Stefanescu, D. Cazals-hatem, F. Bretagnol, L. Deschamps et al., Which magnetic resonance imaging findings accurately evaluate inflammation in small bowel Crohn's disease? A retrospective comparison with surgical pathologic analysis, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.17, issue.4, pp.984-93, 2011.

M. Zappa and Y. Bouhnik, Apport de l'échographie et de l'entéro-IRM dans la maladie de Crohn (hors LAP), 2015.

L. Bihan, D. Breton, E. Lallemand, D. Grenier, P. Cabanis et al., MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders, Radiology, vol.161, issue.2, pp.401-408, 1986.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00349714

R. Duran, M. Ronot, A. Kerbaol, B. Van-beers, and V. Vilgrain, Hepatic hemangiomas: factors associated with T2 shine-through effect on diffusion-weighted MR sequences, Eur J Radiol, vol.83, issue.3, pp.468-78, 2014.

F. Qi, S. Jun, Q. Y. Qi, P. J. Chen, G. X. Chuan et al., Utility of the diffusionweighted imaging for activity evaluation in Crohn's disease patients underwent magnetic resonance enterography, BMC Gastroenterol, vol.15, p.12, 2015.

A. Dohan, S. Taylor, C. Hoeffel, M. Barret, M. Allez et al., Diffusion-weighted MRI in Crohn's disease: Current status and recommendations, J Magn Reson Imaging, 2016.

A. Oto, F. Zhu, K. Kulkarni, G. S. Karczmar, J. R. Turner et al., Evaluation of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for detection of bowel inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease, Acad Radiol, vol.16, issue.5, pp.597-603, 2009.

S. H. Choi, K. W. Kim, J. Y. Lee, K. Kim, and S. H. Park, Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Enterography for Evaluating Bowel Inflammation in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.22, issue.3, pp.669-79, 2016.

N. Seo, S. H. Park, K. Kim, B. Kang, Y. Lee et al., MR Enterography for the Evaluation of Small-Bowel Inflammation in Crohn Disease by Using Diffusion-weighted Imaging without Intravenous Contrast Material: A Prospective Noninferiority Study, Radiology, vol.278, issue.3, pp.762-72, 2016.

H. Sato, C. Tamura, K. Narimatsu, M. Shimizu, T. Takajyo et al., Magnetic resonance enterocolonography in detecting erosion and redness in intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol.30, issue.4, pp.667-73, 2015.

J. Tielbeek, M. Ziech, Z. Li, C. Lavini, S. Bipat et al., Evaluation of conventional, dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion weighted MRI for quantitative Crohn's disease assessment with histopathology of surgical specimens, Eur Radiol, vol.24, issue.3, pp.619-648, 2014.

A. Kovanlikaya, D. Beneck, M. Rose, P. Renjen, A. Dunning et al., Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as an imaging biomarker for fibrosis in pediatric Crohn's disease: preliminary experience, Abdom Imaging, vol.40, issue.5, pp.1068-74, 2015.

D. G. Rosenbaum, M. L. Rose, A. B. Solomon, A. E. Giambrone, and A. Kovanlikaya, Longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging changes in children with small bowel Crohn's disease: preliminary experience, Abdom Imaging, vol.40, issue.5, pp.1075-80, 2015.

H. Sakuraba, Y. Ishiguro, K. Hasui, H. Hiraga, S. Fukuda et al., Prediction of maintained mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease under treatment with infliximab using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, Digestion, vol.89, issue.1, pp.49-54, 2014.

J. Huh, K. J. Kim, S. H. Park, S. H. Park, S. Yang et al., Diffusion-Weighted MR Enterography to Monitor Bowel Inflammation after Medical Therapy in Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Longitudinal Study, Korean J Radiol, vol.18, issue.1, pp.162-72, 2017.

S. Kiryu, K. Dodanuki, H. Takao, M. Watanabe, Y. Inoue et al., Freebreathing diffusion-weighted imaging for the assessment of inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease, J Magn Reson Imaging, vol.29, issue.4, pp.880-886, 2009.

J. Rimola, S. Rodriguez, O. García-bosch, I. Ordás, E. Ayala et al., Magnetic resonance for assessment of disease activity and severity in ileocolonic Crohn's disease, Gut, vol.58, issue.8, pp.1113-1133, 2009.

C. Hordonneau, A. Buisson, J. Scanzi, F. Goutorbe, B. Pereira et al.,

, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in ileocolonic Crohn's disease: validation of quantitative index of activity, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.109, issue.1, pp.89-98, 2014.

M. J. Steward, S. Punwani, I. Proctor, Y. Adjei-gyamfi, F. Chatterjee et al.,

, Non-perforating small bowel Crohn's disease assessed by MRI enterography: derivation and histopathological validation of an MR-based activity index, Eur J Radiol, vol.81, issue.9, pp.2080-2088, 2012.

A. Buisson, C. Hordonneau, M. Goutte, L. Boyer, B. Pereira et al., Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging is effective to detect ileocolonic ulcerations in Crohn's disease, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.42, issue.4, pp.452-60, 2015.

M. Thierry, V. Laurent, and L. Peyrin-biroulet, What is the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in inflammatory bowel diseases? Hépato-Gastro Oncol Dig, vol.23, pp.850-60, 2016.

, Age at diagnosis, n (%) A1: <16 years

, 5) Associated upper digestive tract, n (%) 6 (6.3) Behaviour, n (%) B1: inflammatory 36 (37.5) B2: stricturing 33 (34.4) B3: penetrating 27 (28.1) Perianal disease, n (%) of remission, n (%) Infliximab, vol.38, p.20

H. Index, median (IQR), vol.6, pp.3-11

. Harvey-bradshaw, , vol.4

, median (IQR) 11.1 (3-26) Nancy score, median (IQR), CRP, pp.6-6

, IQR, interquartile range Patient with endoscopy and a CDEIS>4 at baseline (n=15)

, Male/female, n (%) 10 (50)/10 (50) 9 (60)/6 (40) Age at inclusion, y, median (IQR), vol.37, pp.25-44

, Follow-up, y, median (IQR)

G. Bouguen, B. G. Levesque, and B. G. Feagan, Treat to target: a proposed new paradigm for the management of Crohn's disease, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc, vol.13, pp.1042-1050, 2015.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, W. Sandborn, and B. E. Sands, Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): Determining Therapeutic Goals for Treat-toTarget, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.110, pp.1324-1338, 2015.

G. Bouguen, B. G. Levesque, and S. Pola, Endoscopic assessment and treating to target increase the likelihood of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc, vol.12, pp.978-985, 2014.

L. Peyrin-biroulet, M. Ferrante, and F. Magro, Results from the 2nd Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. I: Impact of mucosal healing on the course of inflammatory bowel disease

, J Crohns Colitis, vol.5, pp.477-483, 2011.

S. C. Shah, J. Colombel, B. E. Sands, and N. Narula, Systematic review with meta-analysis: mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease

, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.43, pp.317-333, 2016.

V. Annese, M. Daperno, and M. D. Rutter, European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, vol.7, pp.982-1018, 2013.

A. Buisson, J. Chevaux, and H. Hudziak, Colonoscopic perforations in inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study in a French referral centre, Dig Liver Dis Off J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver, vol.45, pp.569-572, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01700991

J. Panes, Y. Bouhnik, and W. Reinisch, Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidence-based consensus guidelines, J Crohns Colitis, vol.7, pp.556-585, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01704202

A. Oussalah, V. Laurent, and O. Bruot, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance without bowel preparation for detecting colonic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, Gut, vol.59, pp.1056-1065, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.2009.197665

V. Laurent, S. Naudé, and L. Vuitton, Accuracy of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Colonography in Assessing Mucosal Healing and the Treatment Response in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis, J Crohns Colitis, vol.11, pp.716-723, 2017.

I. Ordás, J. Rimola, and S. Rodriguez, Accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography in assessing response to therapy and mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease, Gastroenterology, vol.146, pp.374-382, 2014.

J. Rimola, I. Ordás, and S. Rodriguez, Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of Crohn's disease: validation of parameters of severity and quantitative index of activity

, Inflamm Bowel Dis, vol.17, pp.1759-1768, 2011.

J. Rimola, A. Alvarez-cofiño, and T. Pérez-jeldres, Increasing efficiency of MRE for diagnosis of Crohn's disease activity through proper sequence selection: a practical approach for clinical trials, 2017.

A. Jauregui-amezaga, J. Rimola, and I. Ordás, Value of endoscopy and MRI for predicting intestinal surgery in patients with Crohn's disease in the era of biologics, Gut, vol.64, pp.1397-1402, 2015.

C. Hordonneau, A. Buisson, and J. Scanzi, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in ileocolonic Crohn's disease: validation of quantitative index of activity, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.109, pp.89-98, 2014.

J. Rimola, A. Alvarez-cofiño, and T. Pérez-jeldres, Comparison of three magnetic resonance enterography indices for grading activity in Crohn's disease, J. Gastroenterol, 2016.

J. Mary and R. Modigliani, Development and validation of an endoscopic index of the severity for Crohn's disease: a prospective multicentre study. Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID), Gut, vol.30, pp.983-989, 1989.

P. Rutgeerts, G. Van-assche, and W. J. Sandborn, Adalimumab induces and maintains mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease: data from the EXTEND trial, Gastroenterology, vol.142, pp.1102-1111, 2012.

A. J. Coimbra, J. Rimola, and S. O&apos;byrne, Magnetic resonance enterography is feasible and reliable in multicenter clinical trials in patients with Crohn's disease, and may help select subjects with active inflammation, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol.43, pp.61-72, 2016.

M. Allez, M. Lemann, and J. Bonnet, Long term outcome of patients with active Crohn's disease exhibiting extensive and deep ulcerations at colonoscopy, Am J Gastroenterol, vol.97, pp.947-953, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/s0002-9270(02)03970-9

B. Pariente, J. Cosnes, and S. Danese, Development of the Crohn's disease digestive damage score, the Lémann score, Inflamm. Bowel Dis, vol.17, pp.1415-1422, 2011.

B. Pariente, J. Mary, and S. Danese, Development of the Lémann index to assess digestive tract damage in patients with Crohn's disease, Gastroenterology, vol.148, pp.52-63, 2015.

G. Fiorino, M. Morin, and S. Bonovas, Prevalence of Bowel Damage Assessed by CrossSectional Imaging in Early Crohn's Disease and its Impact on Disease Outcome, J Crohns Colitis, vol.11, pp.274-280, 2017.