J. Rigal-sastourné and M. Delbarre, Sémiologie et formes cliniques de la cataracte chez l'adulte. EMC-Ophtalmol, vol.9, pp.1-10, 2012.

, Universal eye health: a global action plan, 2014.

. Disponible,

. Oms, Initiative mondiale pour l'élimination de la cécité évitable-plan d'action, 2006.

. Bien-voir, Conférence Santé en questions organisée par l'Inserm et Universcience, avec Michel Paques, Michel Roux et Michel Metoz

T. R. Fricke, B. A. Holden, D. A. Wilson, G. Schlenther, K. S. Naidoo et al., Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error. Bull World Health Organ, vol.90, pp.728-766, 2012.

A. Aruta, M. Marenco, and S. Marinozzi,

, Med Secoli, vol.21, issue.1, pp.403-431, 2009.

F. J. Ascaso and V. Huerv, The History of Cataract Surgery, Zaidi F, éditeur. Cataract Surgery, 2013.

. Disponible,

S. W. Reeves, Advances in cataract surgery and intraocular lenses, Minn Med. juin, vol.92, issue.6, pp.38-40, 2009.

C. D. Kelman, Phaco-emulsification and aspiration. A new technique of cataract removal. A preliminary report, Am J Ophthalmol. juill, vol.64, issue.1, pp.23-35, 1967.

S. Milazzo, P. Laurans, P. Turut, and . Phacoémulsification, EMC-Ophtalmol. janv, vol.2, issue.1, pp.1-19, 2005.

I. M. Rutkow, Surgical operations in the United States. Then (1983) and now, sept, vol.132, issue.9, pp.983-90, 1994.

, Conférence Santé en questions organisée par l'Inserm et Universcience, avec Michel Paques, Michel Roux et Michel Metoz (juin, 2014.

H. V. Gimbel, Divide and conquer nucleofractis phacoemulsification: development and variations, J Cataract Refract Surg. mai, vol.17, issue.3, pp.281-91, 1991.

P. S. Koch, Techniques and instruments for cataract surgery, Curr Opin Ophthalmol. févr, vol.5, issue.1, pp.33-42, 1994.

G. Pirazzoli, D. 'eliseo, D. Ziosi, M. Acciarri, and R. , Effects of phacoemulsification time on the corneal endothelium using phacofracture and phaco chop techniques, J Cataract Refract Surg. sept, vol.22, issue.7, pp.967-976, 1996.

D. Brown, I turned my technique upside down, Rev ophtalmol, issue.6, pp.61-67, 1999.

E. A. Davis and R. L. Lindstrom, Tilt and tumble phacoemulsification, Dev Ophthalmol, vol.34, pp.44-58, 2002.

W. F. Maloney, D. M. Dillman, and L. D. Nichamin, Supracapsular phacoemulsification: a capsule-free posterior chamber approach, J Cataract Refract Surg. avr, vol.23, issue.3, pp.323-331, 1997.

R. T. Pandit and T. A. Oetting, Pop-and-chop nucleofractis, J Cataract Refract Surg, vol.29, issue.11, pp.2054-2060, 2003.

S. Ti, Y. , Y. Lang, S. S. Chee, and S. P. , A 5-year audit of cataract surgery outcomes after posterior capsule rupture and risk factors affecting visual acuity, Am J Ophthalmol. janv, vol.157, issue.1, pp.180-185, 2014.

M. Taban, A. Behrens, R. L. Newcomb, M. Y. Nobe, G. Saedi et al., Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review of the literature, Arch Ophthalmol. mai, vol.123, issue.5, pp.613-633, 2005.

H. Cao, L. Zhang, L. Li, and S. Lo, Risk factors for acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis, PloS One, vol.8, issue.8, p.71731, 2013.

N. Lois and D. Wong, Pseudophakic retinal detachment, Surv Ophthalmol, vol.48, issue.5, pp.467-87, 2003.

S. J. Batlan and J. M. Dodick, Corneal complications of cataract surgery, Curr Opin Ophthalmol. août, vol.7, issue.4, pp.52-58, 1996.

V. Borderie, O. Touzeau, L. Laroche, and . Oedème-cornéen, EMC-Ophtalmol. janv, vol.6, issue.1, pp.1-20, 2009.

V. Borderie, T. Bourcier, O. Touzeau, and L. Laroche, Physiologie de la cornée, EMC-Ophtalmol, pp.1-10

K. Hayashi, H. Hayashi, F. Nakao, and F. Hayashi, Risk factors for corneal endothelial injury during phacoemulsification, J Cataract Refract Surg, vol.22, issue.8, pp.1079-84, 1996.

O. 'brien, P. D. Fitzpatrick, P. Kilmartin, D. J. Beatty, and S. , Risk factors for endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery by a junior resident, J Cataract Refract Surg. avr, vol.30, issue.4, pp.839-882, 2004.

M. Orski, A. Synder, D. Pa?enga-pydyn, W. Omulecki, and M. Wilczyoski, The effect of the selected factors on corneal endothelial cell loss following phacoemulsification, Klin Oczna, vol.116, issue.2, pp.94-103, 2014.

, Conditions de réalisation de la chirurgie de la cataracte : environnement technique, HAS

L. T. Chylack, J. K. Wolfe, D. M. Singer, M. C. Leske, M. A. Bullimore et al., The Lens Opacities Classification System III. The Longitudinal Study of Cataract Study Group, Arch Ophthalmol. juin, vol.111, issue.6, pp.831-837, 1993.

P. T. Mathew, S. David, and N. Thomas, Endothelial cell loss and central corneal thickness in patients with and without diabetes after manual small incision cataract surgery, Cornea. avr, vol.30, issue.4, pp.424-432, 2011.

R. Yang, X. Sha, M. Zeng, Y. Tan, Y. Zheng et al., The influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells at varying blood glucose levels, Eye Sci. juin, vol.26, issue.2, pp.91-96, 2011.

H. B. Dick, T. Kohnen, F. K. Jacobi, and K. W. Jacobi, Long-term endothelial cell loss following phacoemulsification through a temporal clear corneal incision, J Cataract Refract Surg. févr, vol.22, issue.1, pp.63-71, 1996.

P. Kosrirukvongs, S. G. Slade, and R. G. Berkeley, Corneal endothelial changes after divide and conquer versus chip and flip phacoemulsification, J Cataract Refract Surg. sept, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1006-1018, 1997.

R. Bourne, D. C. Minassian, J. Dart, P. Rosen, S. Kaushal et al., Effect of cataract surgery on the corneal endothelium: modern phacoemulsification compared with extracapsular cataract surgery, Ophthalmology. avr, vol.111, issue.4, pp.679-85, 2004.

F. Domingues, H. V. Moraes, and Y. R. De, Comparative study of the density of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification by the « divide and conquer » and « quick chop » techniques

, Arq Bras Oftalmol. févr, vol.68, issue.1, pp.109-124, 2005.

K. C. Mathys, K. L. Cohen, and B. D. Armstrong, Determining factors for corneal endothelial cell loss by using bimanual microincision phacoemulsification and power modulation. Cornea, vol.26, pp.1049-55, 2007.

G. M. Cavallini, L. Campi, C. Masini, S. Pelloni, and A. Pupino, Bimanual microphacoemulsification versus coaxial miniphacoemulsification: prospective study, J Cataract Refract Surg. mars, vol.33, issue.3, pp.387-92, 2007.

A. Storr-paulsen, J. C. Norregaard, S. Ahmed, T. Storr-paulsen, and T. H. Pedersen, Endothelial cell damage after cataract surgery: divide-and-conquer versus phaco-chop technique, J Cataract Refract Surg. juin, vol.34, issue.6, pp.996-1000, 2008.

E. A. Elnaby, E. Zawahry, O. M. Abdelrahman, A. M. Ibrahim, and H. E. , Phaco Prechop versus Divide and Conquer Phacoemulsification: A Prospective Comparative Interventional Study, Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. juill, vol.15, issue.3, pp.123-130, 2008.

P. Kongsap, Corneal endothelial cell loss between the Kongsap manual phacofragmentation and phacoemulsification, J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet. juill, vol.91, issue.7, pp.1059-65, 2008.

S. Chiotoroiu, M. Pandelescu, C. Epure, and I. Stefaniu,

. Oftalmol-buchar-rom, , vol.52, pp.95-104, 1990.

M. Wilczynski, E. Supady, P. Loba, A. Synder, D. Palenga-pydyn et al., Comparison of early corneal endothelial cell loss after coaxial phacoemulsification through 1.8 mm microincision and bimanual phacoemulsification through 1.7 mm microincision, J Cataract Refract Surg. sept, vol.35, issue.9, pp.1570-1574, 2009.

P. Gogate, P. Ambardekar, S. Kulkarni, R. Deshpande, S. Joshi et al., Comparison of endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery: phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery: six-week results of a randomized control trial, J Cataract Refract Surg. févr, vol.36, issue.2, pp.247-53, 2010.

F. H. Hengerer, H. B. Dick, S. Buchwald, W. W. Hütz, and I. Conrad-hengerer, Evaluation of corneal endothelial cell loss and corneal thickness after cataract removal with light-adjustable intraocular lens implantation: 12-month follow-up, J Cataract Refract Surg. déc, vol.37, issue.12, pp.2095-100, 2011.

A. Faramarzi, M. A. Javadi, F. Karimian, M. R. Jafarinasab, A. Baradaran-rafii et al., Corneal endothelial cell loss during phacoemulsification: bevel-up versus bevel-down phaco tip, J Cataract Refract Surg, vol.37, issue.11, pp.1971-1977, 2011.

J. Park, H. R. Yum, M. S. Kim, A. R. Harrison, and E. C. Kim, Comparison of phaco-chop, divide-and-conquer, and stop-and-chop phaco techniques in microincision coaxial cataract surgery, J Cataract Refract Surg, vol.39, issue.10, pp.1463-1472, 2013.

C. , A. Juburi, M. Schultz, T. Hengerer, F. H. Dick et al., Corneal endothelial cell loss and corneal thickness in conventional compared with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: three-month follow-up, J Cataract Refract Surg. sept, vol.39, issue.9, pp.1307-1320, 2013.

H. B. Hwang, B. Lyu, H. B. Yim, and N. Y. Lee, Endothelial Cell Loss after Phacoemulsification according to Different Anterior Chamber Depths, J Ophthalmol, p.210716, 2015.

L. B. Arbisser, Managing intraoperative complications in cataract surgery, Curr Opin Ophthalmol. févr, vol.15, issue.1, pp.33-42, 2004.

H. V. Gimbel, R. Sun, M. Ferensowicz, A. Penno, E. Kamal et al., Intraoperative management of posterior capsule tears in phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, Ophthalmology. déc, vol.108, issue.12, pp.2186-2189, 2001.

, Annexes Annexe 01 : Classification LOCS III Annexe 02 : la fiche société française d'ophtalmologie sur la chirurgie de la cataracte

M. Madame and M. , Vous êtes atteint d'une cataracte responsable de vos troubles visuels. Votre ophtalmologiste vous propose l'opération, car la chirurgie constitue le seul moyen d'améliorer votre vision

, La cataracte Elle correspond à une altération optique et/ou anatomique du cristallin, lentille de forte puissance située à l'intérieur de l'oeil (objectif d'un appareil photographique) jouant un rôle important dans la vision et l'accommodation chez le jeune, c'est-à-dire le passage de la vision de loin à la vision de près. Pourquoi opérer la cataracte ? Parce qu'il n'existe pas de traitement médical (collyres, médicaments) pouvant guérir une cataracte. En l'absence d'opération, l'opacification évolutive du cristallin pourra conduire à une diminution croissante de la vision, Cette fiche contient l'information sur l'opération qui vous est proposée, sur ses résultats et sur ses risques