, World Steel in Figures, p.10, 2018.

P. E. Duarte and J. Becerra, Reducing greenhouse gas emissions with Energiron non-selective carbon-free emissions scheme, vol.131, p.85, 2011.

, World Direct Reduction Statistics, 2018.

W. M. Mckewan, Reduction kinetics of hematite in hydrogen-water vapor-nitrogen mixtures, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, vol.224, pp.2-5, 1962.

R. H. Spitzer and F. S. Manning, Mixed control reaction kinetics in the gaseous reduction of hematite, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, vol.23, pp.6726-6742, 1963.

R. H. Tien and E. T. Turkdogan, Mathematical analysis of partial internal reduction-diffusion control, CrossRef] Materials, vol.3, p.1865, 1972.

E. K. Kam and R. Hughes, A model for the direct reduction of iron ore by mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a moving bed, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng, vol.59, pp.196-206, 1981.

E. D. Negri, O. M. Alfano, and M. G. Chiovetta, Direct reduction of hematite in a moving bed reactor. Analysis of the water gas shift reaction effects on the reactor behavior, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, vol.30, pp.474-482, 1991.

M. S. Valipour, M. Y. Hashemi, and Y. Saboohi, Mathematical modeling of the reaction in an iron ore pellet using a mixture of hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide: An isothermal study, Adv. Powder Technol, vol.17, pp.277-295, 2006.

D. R. Parisi and M. A. Laborde, Modeling of counter current moving bed gas-solid reactor used in direct reduction of iron ore, Chem. Eng. J, vol.104, pp.35-43, 2004.

S. Arabi and H. Hashemipour-rafsanjani, Modeling and Simulation of Noncatalytic Gas-Solid Reaction in a Moving Bed Reactor, Chem. Prod. Process Model, vol.3, pp.1-29, 2008.

M. S. Valipour and Y. Saboohi, Numerical investigation of nonisothermal reduction of haematite using syngas: The shaft scale study, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng, vol.15, pp.487-507, 2007.

A. Ranzani-da-costa, D. Wagner, F. Patisson, and D. Ablitzer, Modelling a DR shaft operated with pure hydrogen using a physical-chemical and CFD approach, Rev. Métall, vol.10, pp.434-439, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00436023

A. Ranzani-da-costa, D. Wagner, and F. Patisson, Modelling a new, low CO 2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process, J. Clean. Prod, vol.46, pp.27-35, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00943356

B. Alamsari, S. Torii, A. Trianto, and Y. Bindar, Heat and Mass Transfer in Reduction Zone of Sponge Iron Reactor, ISRN Mech. Eng, pp.1-12, 2011.

K. Alhumaizi, A. Ajbar, and M. Soliman, Modelling the complex interactions between reformer and reduction furnace in a midrex-based iron plant, Can. J. Chem. Eng, vol.90, pp.1120-1141, 2012.

A. Shams and F. Moazeni, Modeling and Simulation of the MIDREX Shaft Furnace: Reduction, Transition and Cooling Zones, JOM, vol.67, pp.2681-2689, 2015.

R. Béchara, H. Hamadeh, O. Mirgaux, and F. Patisson, Optimization of the iron ore direct reduction process through multiscale process modeling, Materials, vol.11, 1094.

A. Ranzani-da-costa, La Réduction du Minerai de fer par L'Hydrogène: Étude Cinétique, Phénomène de Collage et Modélisation, 2011.

K. F. Zhang and J. Y. Ooi, A Kinematic model for solids flow in flat-bottomed silos, Géotechnique, vol.48, pp.545-553, 1998.

J. Choi, A. Kudrolli, and M. Z. Bazant, Velocity profile of granular flows inside silos and hoppers, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, vol.17, pp.2533-2548, 2005.

D. Wagner, Etude Expérimentale et Modélisation de la Réduction du Minerai de Fer par L'Hydrogène, 2008.

H. Y. Sohn, The law of additive reaction times in fluid-solid reactions, Metall. Trans, vol.9, pp.89-96, 1978.

R. J. Smith, M. Loganathan, and M. S. Shantha, A Review of the Water Gas Shift Reaction Kinetics, Int. J. Chem. React. Eng, vol.8, pp.1-32, 2010.

M. Takahata, Y. Kashiwaya, and K. Ishii, Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation Catalyzed by Iron Oxide and Carbon under Intense Stirring Conditions, Mater. Trans, vol.51, pp.727-734, 2010.

H. J. Grabke, Die Kinetik der Entkohlung und Aufkohlung von y-Eisen in Methan-Wasserstoff-Gemischen, Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft, vol.69, pp.409-414, 1965.

J. Chipman, Thermodynamics and phase diagram of the Fe-C system, Metall. Trans, vol.3, pp.55-64, 1972.

S. V. Patankar, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 1980.