W. Abouchami, M. Boher, A. Michard, and F. Albarede, A major 2.1 Ga event of mafic magmatism in West Africa: An early stage of crustal accretion, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, pp.17605-17629, 1990.

M. Aigner-torres, J. Blundy, P. Ulmer, and T. Pettke, , 2007.

, Laser Ablation ICPMS study of trace element partitioning between plagioclase and basaltic melts: An experimental approach, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.153, pp.647-667

C. Alibert, A Sr-Nd isotope and REE study of Late Triassic dolerites from the Pyrenees (France) and the Messejana Dyke (Spain and Portugal), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.73, pp.81-90, 1985.

M. B. Baker and E. M. Stolper, Determining the composition of high-pressure mantle melts using diamond aggregates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.58, pp.2811-2827, 1994.

J. A. Barrat, F. Keller, J. Amossé, R. N. Taylor, R. W. Nesbitt et al., Determination of rare earth elements in sixteen silicate reference samples by ICP-MS after TM addition and ion exchange separation, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.20, pp.133-139, 1996.

T. Baudin, P. Ché-vremont, P. Razin, N. Youbi, D. Andries et al., Carte gé ologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille de Skhour des Rehamna. Mé moire explicatif. Notes Mé moires Service Gé olgique du Maroc 435 bis, 114. Bé dard, J. H, 2003.

G. Geochemistry, Geosystems, vol.15, pp.303-336

P. Bé-guelin, M. Chiaradia, B. Beate, and R. Spikings, A field, petrographic, geochemical, isotopic and geochronological study, The Yanaurcu volcano, vol.218, pp.37-53, 2015.

M. K. Bensalah, N. Youbi, A. Mahmoudi, H. Bertrand, J. Mata et al., The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanic sequences of Berrechid and Doukkala basins, Comunicac¸ões Geoló gicas, vol.98, pp.15-27, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00675625

M. K. Bensalah, N. Youbi, J. Mata, J. Madeira, L. Martins et al., Physical volcanology, geochemistry and geodynamic implications, The Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism of the Oued El-Abid syncline, vol.81, pp.60-81, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00932549

J. Berger, J. Lié-geois, N. Ennih, and B. Bonin, Flow of Canary mantle plume material through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor beneath Africa to the Mediterranean: Comment, Geology, vol.38, p.202, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509298

J. Berger, N. Ennih, and J. Lié-geois, Extreme trace elements fractionation in Cenozoic nephelinites and phonolites from the Moroccan Anti-Atlas (Eastern Saghro), pp.69-88, 2014.

H. Bertrand, The Mesozoic tholeiitic Province of Northwest Africa: A volcanotectonic record of the early opening of central Atlantic, Magmatism in Extensional Settings: The Phanerozoic African Plate, pp.147-188, 1991.

H. Bertrand, J. Dostal, and C. Dupuy, Geochemistry of early Mesozoic tholeiites from Morocco, vol.58, pp.225-239, 1982.

H. Bertrand, M. Fornari, A. Marzoli, R. García-duarte, and T. Sempere, The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province extends into Bolivia, Lithos, vol.188, pp.33-43, 2014.

T. J. Blackburn, P. E. Olsen, S. A. Bowring, N. M. Mclean, D. V. Kent et al., Zircon U-Pb geochronology links the end-triassic extinction with the central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Science, vol.340, pp.941-945, 2013.

C. Bockrath, C. Ballhaus, and A. Holzheid, Fractionation of the platinum-group elements during mantle melting, Science, vol.305, pp.1951-1953, 2004.

P. Boehnke, E. B. Watson, D. Trail, T. M. Harrison, and A. K. Schmitt, Zircon saturation re-revisited, Chemical Geology, vol.351, pp.324-334, 2013.

D. Bosch, R. C. Maury, M. El-azzouzi, C. Bollinger, H. Bellon et al., Lithospheric origin for Neogene-Quaternary Middle Atlas lavas (Morocco): Clues from trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes, Lithos, vol.205, pp.247-265, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01056523

M. Bouabdellah, K. Hoernle, A. Kchit, S. Duggen, F. Hauff et al., Implications for a common source for the Tamazert and Canary and Cape Verde Island carbonatites, Journal of Petrology, vol.51, pp.1655-1686, 2010.

M. Bouiflane, A. Manar, F. Medina, N. Youbi, and A. Rimi, Mapping and characterization from aeromagnetic data of the Foum Zguid dolerite Dyke, Morocco) a member of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Tectonophysics, vol.708, pp.15-27, 2017.

J. G. Brophy, C. S. Whittington, and Y. R. Park, Sector-zoned augite megacrysts in Aleutian high alumina basalts: Implications for the conditions of basalt crystallization and the generation of calc-alkaline series magmas, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.135, pp.277-290, 1999.

E. Burov and T. Gerya, Asymmetric three-dimensional topography over mantle plumes, Nature, vol.513, pp.85-89, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01109970

S. Callegaro, D. R. Baker, A. De-min, A. Marzoli, K. Geraki et al., Microanalyses link sulfur from large igneous provinces and Mesozoic mass extinctions, Geology, vol.42, pp.895-898, 2014.

S. Callegaro, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, J. Blichert-toft, L. Reisberg et al., Geochemical constraints provided by the Freetown Layered Complex (Sierra Leone) on the origin of high-ti tholeiitic CAMP magmas, Journal of Petrology, vol.58, pp.1811-1840, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02110058

S. Callegaro, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, M. Chiaradia, L. Reisberg et al., Upper and lower crust recycling in the source of CAMP basaltic dykes from southeastern North America, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.376, pp.186-199, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764661

S. Callegaro, C. Rapaille, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, M. Chiaradia et al., Enriched mantle source for the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: New supporting evidence from Southwestern Europe, Lithos, vol.188, pp.15-32, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01765775

L. Caricchi, T. E. Sheldrake, and J. Blundy, Modulation of magmatic processes by CO 2 flushing, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.491, pp.160-171, 2018.

R. W. Carlson, Application of the Pt-Re-Os isotopic systems to mantle geochemistry and geochronology, Lithos, vol.82, pp.249-272, 2005.

J. M. Cebriá, J. Ló-pez-ruiz, M. Doblas, L. T. Martíns, and J. Munha, ); Implications on the origin of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Messejana-Plasencia dyke, vol.44, pp.547-568, 2003.

M. C. Chabou, H. Bertrand, and A. Sebaï, Geochemistry of the Central Atlantic Magmatic 774 Province (CAMP) in south-western Algeria, Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol.58, pp.211-219, 2010.

C. I. Chalokwu, Petrology of the Freetown layered complex, Sierra Leone: Part II. Magma evolution and crystallisation conditions, Journal of African Earth Science, vol.32, pp.519-540, 2001.

C. Prat and F. , Genesis of rhyolitic ignimbrites and lavas from distinct sources at a deep crustal level: Field, petrographic, chemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd) constraints in the Tazekka volcanic complex (Eastern Morocco), Lithos, vol.36, pp.29-49, 1995.

M. Chiaradia, O. Mü-ntener, and B. Beate, Enriched basaltic andesites from mid-crustal fractional crystallization, recharge and assimilation (Pilavo volcano, western Cordillera of Ecuador), Journal of Petrology, vol.52, pp.1107-1141, 2011.

N. Coltice, B. R. Phillips, H. Bertrand, Y. Ricard, and P. Rey, Global warming of the mantle at the origin of flood basalts over supercontinents, Geology, vol.35, pp.391-394, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00337501

B. Courtinat and A. Algouti, Caracté risation probable du Siné murien prè s de Telouet (Haut Atlas, Maroc). Datation palynologique, Geobios, vol.18, pp.857-864, 1985.

K. G. Cox, A model for flood basalt volcanism, Journal of Petrology, vol.21, pp.629-650, 1980.

R. A. Creaser, D. A. Papanastassiou, and G. J. Wasserburg, Negative thermal ionization mass-spectrometry of osmium, rhenium and iridium, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, pp.397-401, 1991.

J. Dal-corso, A. Marzoli, F. Tateo, H. C. Jenkyns, H. Bertrand et al., The dawn of CAMP volcanism and its bearing on the end-Triassic carbon cycle disruption, Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol.171, pp.153-164, 2014.

J. Davies, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, N. Youbi, M. Ernesto et al., End-Triassic mass extinction started by intrusive CAMP activity, Nature Communications, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01548657

K. Deckart, H. Bertrand, and J. Lié-geois, Geochemistry and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic composition of the Central Atlantic magmatic Province (CAMP) in Guyana and Guinea, Lithos, vol.82, pp.289-314, 2005.

M. H. Deenen, M. Ruhl, N. R. Bonis, W. Krijgsman, W. N. Kuerschner et al., A new chronology for the end-Triassic mass extinction, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.291, pp.113-125, 2010.

A. De-min, S. Callegaro, A. Marzoli, A. J. Nardy, M. Chiaradia et al., Insights into the petrogenesis of low-and high-Ti basalts: Stratigraphy and geochemistry of four lava sequences from the central Paraná basin, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.355, pp.232-252, 2018.

A. De-min, E. M. Piccirillo, A. Marzoli, G. Bellieni, P. R. Renne et al., The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in Brazil: Petrology, geochemistry, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, paleomagnetism and geodynamic implications, American Geophysical Union Monograph, vol.136, pp.91-128, 2003.

K. Dinesen-petersen, C. Schiffer, and T. Nagel, LIP formation and protracted lower mantle upwelling induced by rifting and delamination, Scientific Reports, vol.8, 2018.

M. J. Dorais and M. Tubrett, Identification of a subduction zone component in the Higganum dyke, Central Atlantic Magma Province: A LA-ICPMS study of clinopyroxene with implications for flood basalt petrogenesis, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.9, pp.1-13, 2008.

J. Dostal, J. D. Keppie, M. A. Hamilton, E. M. Aarab, J. P. Lefort et al., Crustal xenoliths in Triassic lamprophyre dykes in western Morocco: Tectonic implications for Rheic Ocean suture, Geological Magazine, vol.142, pp.159-172, 2005.

S. Duggen, K. A. Hoernle, F. Hauff, A. Klugel, M. Bouabdellah et al., Flow of Canary mantle plume material through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor beneath Africa to the Mediterranean, Geology, vol.37, pp.283-286, 2009.

C. Dupuy, J. Marsh, J. Dostal, A. Michard, and S. Testa, Asthenospheric sources for Mesozoic dolerites from Liberia (Africa): Trace element and isotopic evidence, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.87, pp.100-110, 1988.

M. El-azzouzi, R. C. Maury, H. Bellon, N. Youbi, J. Cotten et al., Petrology and K-Ar chronology of the Neogene-Quaternary Middle Atlas basaltic province, vol.181, pp.243-257, 2010.

L. T. Elkins-tanton, Continental magmatism caused by lithospheric delamination, Geological Society of America Special Papers, vol.388, pp.449-461, 2005.

N. Ennih and J. Lié-geois, The Moroccan Anti-Atlas: The West African craton passive margin with limited Pan-African activity. Implications for the Northern Limit of the Craton, Precambrian Research, vol.112, pp.291-304, 2001.

N. Ennih and J. Lié-geois, The Boundaries of the West African Craton, with special reference to the basement of the Moroccan Metacratonic anti-Atlas Belt, Geological Society, vol.297, pp.1-17, 2008.

J. G. Fitton, A. D. Saunders, M. J. Norry, B. S. Hardarson, and R. N. Taylor, Thermal and chemical structure of the Iceland plume, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.153, pp.197-208, 1997.

E. Font, N. Youbi, S. Fernandes, H. El-hachimi, Z. Kratinova et al., Revisiting the magnetostratigraphy of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province from Morocco, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.309, pp.302-317, 2011.

D. Gasquet, G. Levresse, A. Cheilletz, M. R. Azizi-samir, and A. Mouttaqi, Contribution to a geodynamic reconstruction of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco) during Pan-African times with the emphasis on inversion tectonics and metallogenic activity at the Precambrian-Cambrian transition, Precambrian Research, vol.140, pp.157-182, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00123089

D. Gasquet, N. Ennih, J. P. Lié-geois, A. Soulaimani, and A. Michard, Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol.116, pp.33-64, 2008.

M. S. Ghiorso, M. M. Hirschmann, P. W. Reiners, and V. C. Kress, The pMELTS: A revision of MELTS for improved calculation of phase relations and major element partitioning related to partial melting of the mantle to 3 GPa, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.3, pp.1-1029, 2002.

M. S. Ghiorso and R. O. Sack, Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes IV. A revised and internally consistent thermodynamic model for the interpolation and extrapolation of liquid-solid equilibria in magmatic systems at elevated temperatures and pressures, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.119, pp.197-212, 1995.

F. E. Grousset and P. E. Biscaye, Tracing dust sources and transport patterns using Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, Chemical Geology, vol.222, pp.149-167, 2005.

J. Guex, S. Pilet, O. Mü-ntener, A. Bartolini, J. Spangenberg et al., Thermal erosion of cratonic lithosphere as a potential trigger for mass-extinction, Scientific Reports, vol.6, 2016.

B. B. Hanan and D. W. Graham, Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes, Science, vol.272, pp.991-995, 1996.

J. Harvey, C. W. Dale, A. Gannoun, and K. W. Burton, Osmium mass balance in peridotite and the effects of mantle-derived sulphides on basalt petrogenesis, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.75, pp.5574-5596, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682870

S. R. Hart, A large-scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere mantle, Nature, vol.309, pp.753-757, 1984.

A. L. Heatherington and P. A. Mueller, Lithospheric sources of North Florida, USA tholeiites and implications for the origin of the Suwannee terrain, Lithos, vol.46, pp.215-233, 1999.

J. S. Heinonen, R. W. Carlson, and A. V. Luttinen, Isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Os) composition of highly magnesian dikes of Vestfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: a key to the origins of the Jurassic Karoo large igneous province?, Chemical Geology, vol.277, pp.227-244, 2010.

J. S. Heinonen, A. V. Luttinen, and W. A. Bohrson, Enriched continental flood basalts from depleted mantle melts: Modeling the lithospheric contamination of Karoo lavas from Antarctica, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.171, pp.1-22, 2016.

C. Herzberg and E. Gazel, Petrological evidence for secular cooling in mantle plumes, Nature, vol.458, pp.619-622, 2009.

S. P. Hesselbo, S. A. Robinson, F. Surlyk, and S. Piasecki, Terrestrial and marine mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary synchronized with initiation of massive volcanism, Geology, vol.30, pp.251-254, 2002.

R. I. Hill, Starting plumes and continental break-up, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.104, pp.398-416, 1991.

K. Hirose and I. Kushiro, Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressures: Determination of compositions of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregates of diamond, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.114, pp.477-489, 1993.

C. Hofmann, V. Courtillot, G. Fé-raud, P. Rochette, G. Yirgu et al., Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change, Nature, vol.389, pp.838-841, 1997.

M. J. Hole, Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for polybaric fractional crystallization of continental flood basalts and implications for identification of peridotite and pyroxenite source lithologies, Earth Science Reviews, vol.176, pp.51-67, 2018.

P. M. Holm, J. R. Wilson, B. P. Christensen, L. Hansen, S. L. Hansen et al., Sampling the Cape Verde Mantle Plume: Evolution of melt compositions on, Journal of Petrology, vol.47, pp.145-189, 2006.

J. P. Huvelin, Faisceau de filons de microdiorite et tectogenè se hercynienne dans les, Jbilest (Maroc. ). Comptes Rendus Acadé mie des Sciences, vol.272, pp.28-31, 1971.

T. Ishii, The relations between temperature and composition of pigeonite in some lavas and their application to geothermometry, Mineralogical Journal, vol.8, pp.48-57, 1975.

M. G. Jackson and R. W. Carlson, An ancient recipe for flood-basalt genesis, Nature, vol.476, pp.316-319, 2011.

P. E. Janney and P. R. Castillo, Geochemistry of the oldest Atlantic crust suggests mantle plume involvement in the early history of the Central Atlantic Ocean, Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, vol.192, pp.291-302, 2001.

D. A. Jerram, H. H. Svensen, S. Planke, A. G. Polozov, and T. H. Torsvik, The onset of flood volcanism in the north-western part of the Siberian Traps: Explosive volcanism versus effusive lava flows, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.441, pp.38-50, 2016.

F. Jourdan, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, M. Cosca, and D. Fontignie, The Northernmost CAMP: 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age, petrology and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the Kerforne Dike, The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangaea, vol.136, pp.209-226, 2003.

F. Jourdan, H. Bertrand, U. Schä-rer, J. Blichert-toft, G. Fé-raud et al., Major and trace element and Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotope compositions of the Karoo Large Igneous Province, Lithosphere vs mantle plume contribution, vol.48, pp.1043-1077, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407740

F. Jourdan, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, S. Cirilli, L. H. Tanner et al., , 2009.

, Ar/ 39 Ar ages of CAMP in North America: Implications for the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and the 40 K decay constant bias, Lithos, vol.110, pp.167-180

F. Jourdan, W. D. Sharp, and P. R. Renne, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for deep ($3.3 km) samples from the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project, Geosystems, vol.13, p.5004, 2012.

A. C. Kerr, P. D. Kempton, and R. N. Thompson, Crustal assimilation during turbulent magma ascent (ATA); new isotopic evidence from the Mull Tertiary lava succession, N. W. Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.119, pp.142-154, 1995.

E. L. Klein, R. S. Angé-lica, C. Harris, F. Jourdan, and M. Babinski, Mafic dykes intrusive into Pre-Cambrian rocks of the São Luís cratonic fragment and Gurupi Belt (Parnaíba Province), north-northeastern Brazil: Geochemistry, Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopes, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology and relationships to CAMP magmatism, Lithos, vol.172, pp.222-242, 2013.

A. Klü-gel, K. Galipp, K. Hoernle, F. Hauff, and S. Groom, Geochemical and volcanological evolution of La Palma, Canary Islands, Journal of Petrology, vol.58, pp.1227-1248, 2017.

K. B. Knight, S. Nomade, P. R. Renne, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand et al., The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, 2004.

, Ar/ 39 Ar evidence from Morocco for brief, episodic volcanism, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.228, pp.143-160

D. J. Kontak, On the edge of CAMP: Geology and volcanology of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, Lithos, vol.101, pp.74-101, 2008.

I. Kushiro, Partial melting of a fertile mantle peridotite at high pressures: An experimental study using aggregates of diamond, Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code, vol.95, pp.109-122, 1996.

C. Labails, J. L. Olivet, D. Aslanian, and W. R. Roest, An alternative early opening scenario for the Central Atlantic Ocean, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.297, pp.355-368, 2010.

L. Bas, M. J. Le-maitre, R. W. Streckeisen, A. Zanettin, and B. , A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram, Journal of Petrology, vol.27, pp.745-750, 1986.

S. Lindströ-m, G. K. Pedersen, B. Van-de-schootbrugge, K. H. Hansen, N. Kuhlmann et al., Intense and widespread seismicity during the end-Triassic mass extinction due to emplacement of a large igneous province, Geology, vol.43, pp.387-390, 2015.

S. Lindströ-m, B. Van-de-schootbrugge, K. H. Hansen, G. K. Pedersen, P. Alsen et al., A new correlation of Triassic-Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: A time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.478, pp.80-102, 2017.

P. W. Lipman, T. W. Sisson, M. L. Coombs, A. Calvert, and J. Kimura, Piggyback tectonics: Long-term growth of Kilauea on the south flank of Mauna Loa, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.151, pp.73-108, 2006.

K. R. Ludwig, User's Manual for Isoplot 3.00, p.74, 2003.

A. V. Luttinen, Bilateral geochemical asymmetry in the Karoo large igneous province, Scientific Reports, vol.8, pp.1-11, 2018.

A. Mahmoudi and H. Bertrand, Identification gé ochimique de la province magmatique de l'Atlantique central en domaine plissé : Exemple du Moyen Atlas marocain, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.339, pp.545-552, 2007.

W. Manspeizer, J. H. Puffer, and H. L. Cousminer, Separation of Morocco and eastern North America: A Triassic-Liassic stratigraphic record, America Bulletin, vol.89, pp.901-920, 1978.

L. T. Martins, J. Madeira, N. Youbi, J. Munhá, J. Mata et al., Rift-related magmatism of the Central Atlantic magmatic province in Algarve, Southern Portugal, Lithos, vol.101, pp.102-124, 2008.

A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, K. B. Knight, S. Cirilli, N. Buratti et al., Synchrony of the Central Atlantic magmatic province and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary climatic and biotic crisis, Geology, vol.32, pp.973-976, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407333

A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, K. Knight, S. Cirilli, S. Nomade et al., Comments on "Synchrony between the Central Atlantic magmatic province and the Triassic-Jurassic mass-extinction event, 2007.

, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.262, pp.189-193

A. Marzoli, S. Callegaro, J. Dal-corso, J. H. Davies, M. Chiaradia et al., The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP): A review, The Late Triassic World. Topics in Geobiology, vol.46, pp.91-125, 2018.

A. Marzoli, J. H. Davies, N. Youbi, R. Merle, J. Dal-corso et al., Proterozoic to Mesozoic evolution of North-West Africa and Peri-Gondwana microplates: Detrital zircon ages from Morocco and Canada, Lithos, vol.278, issue.281, pp.229-239, 2017.

A. Marzoli, F. Jourdan, F. Bussy, M. Chiaradia, and F. Costa, Petrogenesis of tholeiitic basalts from the Central Atlantic magmatic province as revealed by mineral major and trace elements and Sr isotopes, Lithos, vol.188, pp.44-59, 2014.

A. Marzoli, F. Jourdan, J. H. Puffer, T. Cuppone, L. H. Tanner et al., Timing and duration of the Central Atlantic magmatic province in the Newark and Culpeper basins, eastern USA, Lithos, vol.122, pp.175-188, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00675020

A. Marzoli, P. R. Renne, E. M. Picirillo, M. Ernesto, and A. De-min, Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Science, vol.284, pp.616-618, 1999.

P. R. May, Pattern of Triassic-Jurassic diabase dikes around the North Atlantic in the context of pre-drift position of the continents, America Bulletin, vol.82, pp.1285-1129, 1971.

W. F. Mcdonough and S. S. Sun, The composition of the Earth, Chemical Geology, vol.120, pp.223-253, 1995.

J. G. Mchone, Non-plume magmatism and rifting during the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean, Tectonophysics, vol.316, pp.287-296, 2000.

D. Mckenzie and R. K. O'nions, Partial melt distribution from inversion of rare earth element concentrations, Journal of Petrology, vol.32, pp.1021-1091, 1991.

A. Meddah, H. Bertrand, A. Seddiki, and M. Tabeliouna, The Triassic-Liassic volcanic sequence and rift evolution in the Saharan Atlas basins (Algeria. ). Eastward Vanishing of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Geologica Acta, vol.15, pp.11-23, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01548653

F. Medina, Superimposed extensional tectonics in the Argana Triassic formations (Morocco), related to the early rifting of the Central Atlantic, Geological Magazine, vol.128, pp.525-536, 1991.

T. Meisel, R. J. Walker, A. J. Irving, and J. Lorand, Osmium isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths: A global perspective, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, pp.1311-1323, 2001.

L. Melluso, L. Beccaluva, P. Brotzu, A. Gregnanin, A. K. Gupta et al., Constraints on the mantle sources of the Deccan Traps from the petrology and geochemistry of the basalts of Gujarat State (Western India), Journal of Petrology, vol.36, pp.1393-1432, 1995.

L. Melluso, J. J. Mahoney, and L. Dallai, Mantle sources and crustal input as recorded in high-Mg Deccan Traps basalts of Gujarat (India), Lithos, vol.89, pp.259-274, 2006.

R. Merle, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand, L. Reisberg, C. Verati et al., 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages and Sr-Nd-Pb-Osgeochemistry of CAMP tholeiites from the western Maranhão basin (NE-Brazil), Lithos, vol.122, pp.137-151, 2011.

R. Merle, A. Marzoli, L. Reisberg, H. Bertrand, A. Nemchin et al., Sr, Nd, Pb and Os isotope systematics of CAMP tholeiites from Eastern North America (ENA): Evidence of a subduction-enriched mantle source, Journal of Petrology, vol.55, pp.133-180, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367106

C. M. Meyzen, J. N. Ludden, E. Humler, B. Luais, M. J. Toplis et al., New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems Q11K11, p.36, 2005.

A. Michard, C. Hoepffner, A. Soulaimani, and L. Baidder, The Variscan Belt, Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 116, pp.65-132, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307027

C. Miller, A. Zanetti, M. Thö-ni, J. Konzett, and U. Klö-tzli, Mafic and silica-rich glasses in mantle xenoliths from Wau-en-Namus, Libya: Textural and geochemical evidence for peridotite-melt reactions, Lithos, vol.128, issue.131, pp.11-26, 2012.

N. Morimoto, J. Fabries, A. K. Ferguson, I. V. Ginzburg, M. Ross et al., Nomenclature of pyroxenes, Mineralogical Magazine, vol.52, pp.535-550, 1988.

A. Moukadiri, Essai de caracté risation de la lithosphè re sous le Moyen Atlas (Maroc) par l'é tude des xé nolites basi-crustaux et mantelliques dans les basaltes alcalins quaternaires, p.181, 1999.

D. A. Neave and K. Putirka, Clinopyroxene-liquid barometry revisited: Magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones, American Mineralogist, vol.102, pp.777-794, 2017.

S. Nomade, K. B. Knight, E. Beutel, P. R. Renne, C. Vé-rati et al., Chronology of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Implications for the Central Atlantic rifting processes and the Triassic-Jurassic biotic crisis, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.246, pp.326-344, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00341508

R. Oyarzun, M. Doblas, J. Ló-pez-ruiz, and J. María-cebrá, Opening of the Central Atlantic and asymmetric mantle upwelling phenomena: Implications for long-lived magmatism in western North Africa and Europe, Geology, vol.25, pp.727-730, 1997.

A. Palencia-ortas, V. C. Ruiz-martínez, J. J. Villalaín, M. L. Osete, R. Vegas et al., A new 200 Ma paleomagnetic pole for Africa and paleo-secular variation scatter from Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) intrusives in Morocco, 2011.

, Geophysical Journal International, vol.185, pp.1220-1234

G. Panfili, S. Cirilli, J. Dal-corso, H. Bertrand, F. Medina et al., New palynological constraints show rapid emplacement of the Central Atlantic magmatic province during the end-Triassic mass extinction interval, Global and Planetary Change, vol.172, pp.60-68, 2019.

J. J. Papike, K. L. Cameron, and K. Baldwin, Amphiboles and pyroxenes: Characterization of other than quadrilateral components and estimates of ferric iron from microprobe data, Abstracts with Progrrams, vol.6, pp.1053-1054, 1974.

L. Parisio, F. Jourdan, A. Marzoli, L. Melluso, S. Sethna et al., , p.40, 2016.

, Ar/ 39 Ar ages of alkaline and tholeiitic rocks from the northern Deccan traps: Implications for magmatic processes and the K-Pg boundary, Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol.173, pp.679-688

D. W. Peate, The Paraná -Etendeka Province, Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism, vol.100, pp.217-246, 1997.

D. G. Pearson and G. M. Nowell, Re-Os and Lu-Hf isotope constraints on the origin and age of pyroxenites from the Beni Bousera Peridotite Massif: Implications for mixed peridotite-pyroxenite mantle sources, Journal of Petrology, vol.45, pp.439-455, 2004.

W. J. Pegram, Development of continental lithospheric mantle as reflected in the chemistry of the Mesozoic Appalachian tholeiites, USA. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.97, pp.316-331, 1990.

M. F. Pereira, M. El-houicha, M. Chichorro, R. Armstrong, A. Jouhari et al., Evidence of a Paleoproterozoic basement in the Moroccan Variscan Belt, 2015.

, Precambrian Research, vol.268, pp.61-73

B. Peucker-ehrenbrink and B. Jahn, Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics and platinum group element concentrations: Loess and the upper continental crust, Geochemistry, Geophysics, pp.1-22, 2001.

J. H. Puffer, Eastern North American flood basalts in the context of the incipient breakup of Pangaea, America Special Paper, vol.268, pp.95-119, 1992.

J. H. Puffer, Contrasting high field strength element contents of continental flood basalts from plume versus reactivated-arc sources, Geology, vol.29, pp.675-678, 2001.

J. H. Puffer, The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea, Geophysical Monograph, vol.136, pp.151-162, 2003.

J. H. Puffer, K. A. Block, and J. C. Steiner, Transmission of flood basalts through a shallow crustal sill and the correlations of the sill layers with extrusive flows: The Palisades intrusive system and the basalts of the Newark Basin, Journal of Geology, vol.117, pp.139-155, 2009.

K. Putirka, Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase þ liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations, American Mineralogist, vol.90, pp.336-346, 2005.

K. Putirka, Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems, Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes, vol.69, pp.61-120, 2008.

K. Putirka, M. Johnson, R. Kinzler, J. Longhi, and D. Walker, Thermobarometry of mafic igneous rocks based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, 0-30 kbar, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol.123, pp.92-108, 1996.

K. Putirka, M. A. Kuntz, D. M. Unruh, and N. Vaid, Magma evolution and ascent at the craters of the moon and neighboring volcanic fields, Southern Idaho, USA: Implications for the evolution of polygenetic and monogenetic volcanic fields, Journal of Petrology, vol.50, pp.1639-1665, 2009.

L. Reisberg, C. J. Allegre, and J. M. Luck, The Re-0s systematics of the Ronda Ultramafic Complex of southern Spain, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.105, pp.196-213, 1991.

L. Reisberg and J. Lorand, Longevity of sub-continental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematics in orogenic peridotite massifs, Nature, vol.376, pp.159-162, 1995.

P. R. Renne, G. Balco, K. R. Ludwig, R. Mundil, K. ;. Min et al., Joint determination of K-40 decay constants and 40 *Ar/ 40 K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard and improved accuracy for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.75, pp.5097-5100, 2010.

P. R. Renne, C. C. Swisher, A. L. Deino, D. B. Karner, T. Owens et al., Intercalibration of standards, absolute ages and uncertainties in 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating, Isotope Geoscience Section ), vol.145, pp.117-152, 1998.

R. L. Rudnick and S. Gao, Composition of the continental crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, vol.3, pp.1-64, 2003.

M. Ruhl, S. P. Hesselbo, L. Hinnov, H. C. Jenkyns, W. Xu et al., Astronomical constraints on the duration of the Early Jurassic Pliensbachian Stage and global climatic fluctuations, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.455, pp.149-165, 2016.

V. C. Ruiz-martínez, T. Torsvik, D. J. Hinsbergen, and C. Gaina, Earth at 200 Ma: Global palaeogeography refined from CAMP palaeomagnetic data, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.331, pp.67-79, 2012.

A. E. Saal, R. L. Rudnick, G. E. Ravizza, and S. R. Hart, Re-Os isotope evidence for the composition, formation and age of the lower continental crust, Nature, vol.393, pp.58-61, 1998.

M. Sahabi, D. Aslanian, and J. L. Olivet, A new starting point for the history of the central Atlantic, Comptes Rendus Geosciences, vol.336, pp.1041-1052, 2004.

E. Schnepp, R. Pucher, C. Goedicke, A. Manzano, U. Muller et al., Paleomagnetic directions and thermoluminescence dating from a bread oven-floor sequence in Lqbeck (Germany): A record of 450 years of geomagnetic secular variation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.108, pp.1-14, 2003.

B. Schoene, J. Guex, A. Bartolini, U. Schaltegger, and T. J. Blackburn, Correlating the end-Triassic mass extinction and flood basalt volcanism at the 100 ka level, Geology, vol.38, pp.387-390, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00721975

A. Sebai, G. Fé-raud, H. Bertrand, and J. Hanes, , p.40, 1991.

, Ar/ 39 Ar dating and geochemistry of tholeiitic magmatism related to the early opening of the Central Atlantic rift, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.104, pp.455-472

J. Shellnutt, J. Dostal, and M. W. Yeh, Mantle source heterogeneity of the early Jurassic basalt of eastern North America, International Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.107, pp.1033-1058, 2018.

P. F. Silva, B. Henry, F. O. Marques, P. Madureira, and J. M. Miranda, Paleomagnetic study of the great Foum Zguid Dyke (southern Morocco); a positive contact test related to metasomatic processes, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, p.21301, 2006.

M. I. Smoliar, R. J. Walker, and J. W. Morgan, Re-Os isotope constraints on the age of Group IIA, IIIA, IVA and IVB iron meteorites, Science, vol.271, pp.1099-1102, 1996.

F. J. Spera and W. A. Bohrson, Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation, Journal of Petrology, vol.42, pp.999-1018, 2001.

S. Sun and W. F. Mcdonough, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes, Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, vol.42, pp.313-345, 1989.

C. Tegner, R. A. Duncan, S. Bernstein, C. K. Brooks, D. K. Bird et al., 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology of Tertiary mafic intrusions along the East Greenland rifted margin: Relation to flood basalts and the Iceland hotspot track, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.156, pp.75-88, 1998.

C. Tegner, S. A. Michelis, I. Mcdonald, N. Youbi, S. Callegaro et al., Mantle Dynamics of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP): Constraints from platinum group, gold and lithophile elements in flood basalts of Morocco, Crustal contamination in basalt and jotunite: Constraints from layered intrusions, vol.83, pp.299-316, 2005.

R. J. Thomas, L. P. Chevallier, P. G. Gresse, R. E. Harmer, B. M. Eglington et al., Precambrian evolution of the Sirwa Window, Precambrian Research, vol.118, pp.1-57, 2002.

T. Thordarson and S. Self, The Laki, Grímsvö tn eruptions in 1783-1785. Bullettin of Volcanology, vol.55, pp.2-2, 1993.

P. Thy, C. E. Lesher, and C. Tegner, Further work on experimental plagioclase equilibria and the Skaergaard liquidus temperature, American Mineralogist, vol.98, pp.1360-1367, 2013.

R. P. Tollo and D. Gottfried, New Jersey: Implications for the volcanic petrogenesis of the Newark supergroup, Petrochemistry of Jurassic Basalt from Eight Cores, pp.233-259, 1992.

A. Toummite, J. P. Liegeois, D. Gasquet, O. Bruguier, E. H. Beraaouz et al., A post-collisional event in a metacratonic setting, Field, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes of the Pan-African granitoids from the Tifnoute Valley (Sirwa, vol.107, pp.739-763, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00782152

C. Verati, H. Bertrand, and G. Fé-raud, The farthest record of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province into West Africa craton: Precise 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating and geochemistry of Taoudenni basin intrusives (northern Mali), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.235, pp.391-407, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00102249

C. Verati, C. Rapaille, G. Fé-raud, A. Marzoli, H. Bertrand et al., , p.40, 2007.

, Ar/ 39 Ar ages and duration of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism in Morocco and Portugal and its relation to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, vol.244, pp.308-325

S. Villiger, P. Ulmer, O. Muntener, and A. B. Thmpson, The liquid line of descent of anhydrous, mantle-derived, tholeiitic liquids by fractional and equilibrium crystallization-An experimental study at 1Á0 GPa, Journal of Petrology, vol.45, pp.2369-2388, 2004.

J. Volkening, T. Walczyk, and K. G. Heumann, Osmium isotope determinations by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Ion Physics, vol.105, pp.147-159, 1991.

C. Wagner, A. Mokhtari, E. Deloule, and F. Chabaux, Carbonatite and alkaline magmatism in Taourirt (Morocco): Petrological, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope characteristics, Journal of Petrology, vol.44, pp.937-965, 2003.

B. Ware, F. Jourdan, E. Tohver, K. G. Fernandes, and M. Chiaradia, Primary hydrous minerals from the Karoo LIP magmas: Evidence for a hydrated source component, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.503, pp.181-193, 2018.

R. E. Weems, L. H. Tanner, and S. G. Lucas, Synthesis and revision of the lithostratigraphic groups and formations in the Upper Permian?-Lower Jurassic Newark supergroup of eastern North America, Stratigraphy, vol.13, pp.111-153, 2016.

L. Whalen, E. Gazel, C. Vidito, J. Puffer, M. Bizimis et al., Supercontinental inheritance and its influence on supercontinental breakup: The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the breakup of Pangea, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.16, pp.3532-3554, 2015.

J. H. Whiteside, P. E. Olsen, D. V. Kent, S. J. Fowell, and M. Et-touhami, Synchrony between the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the Triassic-Jurassic massextinction event?, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.244, pp.345-367, 2007.

J. H. Whiteside, P. E. Olsen, D. V. Kent, S. J. Fowell, M. Et-touhami et al., Synchrony between the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the Triassic-Jurassic mass-extinction event? Reply to comment of, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.262, pp.194-198, 2008.

N. Wittig, D. G. Pearson, J. A. Baker, S. Duggen, and K. Hoernle, A major element, PGE and Re-Os isotope study of Middle Atlas (Morocco) peridotite xenoliths: Evidence for coupled introduction of metasomatic sulphides and clinopyroxene, Lithos, vol.115, pp.15-26, 2010.

N. Wittig, D. G. Pearson, S. Duggen, J. A. Baker, and K. Hoernle, Tracing the metasomatic and magmatic evolution of continental mantle roots with Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotopes: A case study of Middle Atlas (Morocco) peridotite xenoliths, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, pp.1417-1435, 2010.

J. F. Wotzlaw, J. Guex, A. Bartolini, Y. Gallet, L. Krystyn et al., Towards accurate numerical calibration of the Late Triassic: High-precision U-Pb geochronology constraints on the duration of the Rhaetian, Geology, vol.42, pp.571-574, 2014.

N. Youbi, D. Kouyaté, U. Sö-derlund, R. E. Ernst, A. Soulaimani et al., The 1750 Ma magmatic event of the West African Craton, 2013.

, Precambrian Research, vol.236, pp.106-123

N. Youbi, L. Martins, J. M. Munhá, H. Ibouh, J. Madeira et al., The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanism of Morocco and Portugal in the framework of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights from Fragments of Pangea, vol.136, pp.179-207, 2003.

A. E. Zindler and S. R. Hart, Chemical geodynamics, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.14, pp.493-571, 1986.