P. Ponikowski, A. A. Voors, S. D. Anker, H. Bueno, J. G. Cleland et al.,

J. R. Juanatey, V. P. Harjola, E. A. Jankowska, M. Jessup, C. Linde et al., ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, European heart journal, vol.37, pp.2129-200, 2016.

A. Mebazaa, M. B. Yilmaz, P. Levy, P. Ponikowski, W. F. Peacock et al.,

E. Lambrinou, J. Masip, J. P. Riley, T. Mcdonagh, C. Mueller et al.,

A. F. Leite-moreira, A. Bellou, S. D. Anker, and G. Filippatos, Recommendations on pre-hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, European journal of heart failure, vol.17, pp.544-58, 2015.

F. Zannad and P. Rossignol, Cardiorenal Syndrome Revisited. Circulation, vol.138, pp.929-973, 2018.

K. Kajimoto, Y. Minami, N. Sato, and H. Kasanuki, Etiology of Heart Failure and Outcomes in

, Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction, Am J Cardiol, vol.118, pp.1881-1887, 2016.

M. Arrigo, E. Gayat, J. Parenica, S. Ishihara, J. Zhang et al.,

O. Miro, A. P. Maggioni, Y. Zhang, J. Spinar, A. Cohen-solal et al., Precipitating factors and 90-day outcome of acute heart failure: a report from the intercontinental GREAT registry, European journal of heart failure, vol.19, pp.201-208, 2017.

S. Shore, M. V. Grau-sepulveda, D. L. Bhatt, P. A. Heidenreich, Z. J. Eapen et al., Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients Stratified by Etiologies of Cardiomyopathy, JACC Heart Fail, vol.3, pp.906-922, 2015.

G. C. Fonarow, W. T. Abraham, N. M. Albert, W. G. Stough, M. Gheorghiade et al.,

C. M. O'connor, K. Pieper, J. L. Sun, Y. C. Young, and J. B. , Factors Identified as Precipitating Hospital Admissions for Heart Failure and Clinical Outcomes Findings From OPTIMIZE-HF, Arch Intern Med, vol.168, issue.8, pp.847-854, 2008.

O. Vedin, C. Lam, A. S. Koh, L. Benson, T. Teng et al.,

U. Dahlstrom and L. H. Lund, Significance of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved, Midrange, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Nationwide Cohort Study, Circ Heart Fail, vol.10, 2017.

A. Berkovitch, E. Maor, A. Sabbag, F. Chernomordik, A. Elis et al., Precipitating Factors for Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization and Long-Term Survival, Medicine (Baltimore), vol.94, p.2330, 2015.

A. V. Ambardekar, G. C. Fonarow, A. F. Hernandez, W. Pan, C. W. Yancy et al.,

, Characteristics and in-hospital outcomes for nonadherent patients with heart failure: findings from Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF), Guidelines Steering C and Hospitals, vol.158, pp.644-52, 2009.

A. A. Voors, S. D. Anker, J. G. Cleland, K. Dickstein, G. Filippatos et al., A systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of BIOSTAT-CHF, European journal of heart failure, vol.18, pp.716-742, 2016.

W. Ouwerkerk, A. A. Voors, S. D. Anker, J. G. Cleland, K. Dickstein et al.,

H. L. Hillege, C. C. Lang, J. M. Ter-maaten, L. L. Ng, P. Ponikowski et al.,

F. , M. M. Zwinderman, and A. H. , Determinants and clinical outcome of uptitration of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: a prospective European study, European heart journal, vol.38, pp.1883-1890, 2017.

K. Dickstein, A. Cohen-solal, G. Filippatos, J. J. Mcmurray, P. Ponikowski et al., ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, 2008.

, Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European journal of heart failure, vol.10, pp.933-89, 2008.

J. P. Bassand, C. W. Hamm, D. Ardissino, E. Boersma, A. Budaj et al.,

D. Hasdai, E. M. Ohman, L. Wallentin, and W. Wijns, Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, European heart journal, vol.28, pp.1598-660, 2007.

A. A. Voors, W. Ouwerkerk, F. Zannad, D. J. Van-veldhuisen, N. J. Samani et al.,

M. Metra, J. M. Ter-maaten, C. C. Lang, H. L. Hillege, P. Van-der-harst et al., Development and validation of multivariable models to predict mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure, European journal of heart failure, vol.19, pp.627-634, 2017.

, N (%) 144 (17.0 %), COPD

, Prior HF admission, N (%)