<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02987348</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-02T18:34:26+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Les effets négatifs de la contributivité sur la retraite des femmes</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr" type="sub">Analyse et alternatives</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Lucy</forename>
                <surname>Aproberts</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">889056-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-243735"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                <surname>Castel</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8e7a406e81fba92ac52de8ca19a26fbf</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nicolas-castel</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1371999</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">405670-1371999</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-247144"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Nicolas</forename>
                <surname>Castel</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8e7a406e81fba92ac52de8ca19a26fbf</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2020-11-03 18:13:06</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-07 05:20:13</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2020-11-03 18:13:06</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2016-11-01</date>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="557283">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Nicolas</forename>
                  <surname>Castel</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">8e7a406e81fba92ac52de8ca19a26fbf</email>
                <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02987348</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02987348</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">aproberts:hal-02987348</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Retraite et société&lt;/i&gt;, 2016, 74 (2), pp.165-183. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rs.074.0165"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.3917/rs.074.0165&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Retraite et société, 2016, 74 (2), pp.165-183. &amp;#x27E8;10.3917/rs.074.0165&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS1">Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS8" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-LUMIERES">Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-EVRY">Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS10" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-LUMIERES">Université Paris Nanterre</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-CACHAN">Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="2L2S">Laboratoire Lorrain de Sciences Sociales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IDHES" corresp="UNIV-PARIS1">IDHES - Institutions et dynamiques historiques de l'Économie et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPN">Collection supérieure de l'université Paris Nanterre</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-EVRY-SACLAY" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">UNIV-EVRY-SACLAY</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-LUMIERES"/>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PARIS-SACLAY">Ecole Normale Supérieure paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PSACLAY">Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-NANTERRE" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-LUMIERES">Université Paris Nanterre</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-ECONOMICS-MANAGEMENT">Graduate School Economics &amp; Management</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-HUMANITIES-HERITAGE">Graduate School Humanités - Sciences du Patrimoine</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-SOCIOLOGIE">Graduate School Sociologie et Science politique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-EDUCATION">Graduate School Éducation, Formation, Enseignement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TETRAS-UL">Laboratoire de sociologie des Territoires, du travail, des âges et de la santé</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CLCS-UL">Pôle scientifique Connaissance, Langage, Communication, Sociétés de l'Université de Lorraine</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Les effets négatifs de la contributivité sur la retraite des femmes</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr" type="sub">Analyse et alternatives</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Lucy</forename>
                    <surname>Aproberts</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">889056-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-243735"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                    <surname>Castel</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">8e7a406e81fba92ac52de8ca19a26fbf</email>
                  <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nicolas-castel</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1371999</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">405670-1371999</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-247144"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">25872</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1167-4687</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1961-8719</idno>
                <title level="j">Retraite et société</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Caisse nationale d'assurance vieillesse (CNAV) / La Documentation Française</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">74</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">165-183</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2016-11-01</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.3917/rs.074.0165</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="fr">French</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs">Humanities and Social Sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In France, retirement pensions of women are rising relative to men because of the increasing participation of women in paid employment. However, application of the priniciple of contributivity, i.e. a proportional link between the total pension paid and the total of contributions paid in during the working life, has been reinforced since 1993. Given that this measure reduces pension entitlements, especially for women, who on average receive lower salaries than men and have shorter careers, the authors examine the different measures that could increase women’s pensions. Should measures relating to widows’ pensions or those that take into account career breaks for parenting be improved? Should the level of the minimum pension be set higher or should there be a universal pension? Or finally, should the principle of contributivity itself be thrown into question by linking pensions to the highest wages received over the working life as was the case during half a century after the Second World War?</p>
            </abstract>
            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>En France, les pensions de retraite des femmes augmentent relativement à celles des hommes en raison de la présence accrue des femmes dans l’emploi. Cependant, un renforcement de la contributivité – c’est-à-dire un lien proportionnel entre la totalité de la pension et celle des cotisations versées pendant toute la carrière de l’assuré – est appliqué depuis 1993. Sachant que cette politique réduit les droits à pension de presque tous et plus particulièrement ceux des femmes – qui disposent en moyenne de salaires inférieurs à ceux des hommes pour des carrières en général plus courtes –, les auteurs examinent les différentes dispositions susceptibles d’augmenter les droits à pension des femmes. Faut-il améliorer les droits liés au décès du conjoint ou à la parentalité ? Vaut-il mieux augmenter les minima de pension ou instaurer une pension universelle ? Ou finalement, ne peut-on pas aller résolument à l’encontre de la contributivité en liant la pension aux salaires les plus élevés de la carrière, comme cela fut le cas pendant un demi-siècle à partir de la Libération ?</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-243735" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">074570994</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 0575 2015</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199812861T</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03p76m698</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q33121468</idno>
          <orgName>Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Économie et de la Société</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IDHES</orgName>
          <date type="start">1998-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université Paris Nanterre, Bât. M. Weber, Bureau 204, 200 avenue de la République 92000 Nanterre-IDHE.S-Evry - Université d¹Evry Val d¹Essonne - BD François Mitterand - 91000 Evry</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.idhes.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-7550" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-11141" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-116205" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-300306" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8533" active="#struct-523723" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-247144" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">055061486</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000084941801</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200114754M</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]ROA--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01fe8k477</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire Lorrain de Sciences Sociales</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">2L2S</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2023-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Lorraine, CLSH, 23 Bd Albert 1er, BP 13397, 54015 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://2l2s.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UR3478" active="#struct-413289" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7550" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027361802</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000012173743X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/002t25c44</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UP1</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>12 place du Panthéon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.pantheonsorbonne.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-11141" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403552</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121083026</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04wez5e68</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris 8</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UP8</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2 rue de la Liberté - 93526 Saint-Denis cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-paris8.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116205" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403587</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013bkhk48</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Nanterre</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPN</orgName>
          <date type="start">1970-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>200 avenue de la République - 92001 Nanterre cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.parisnanterre.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300306" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">030820529</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121805818</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00e96v939</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1531014</idno>
          <orgName>Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UEVE</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-07-22</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Boulevard François Mitterrand 91025 Evry Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-evry.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-523723" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00hx6zz33</idno>
          <orgName>Ecole Normale Supérieure  Paris-Saclay</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS Paris Saclay</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://ens-paris-saclay.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-413289" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">157040569</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]100--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04vfs2w97</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UL</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>