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            <idno type="stamp" n="AO-ECONOMIE">Archives ouvertes de l'Economie</idno>
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                <title level="j">Finance</title>
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                  <publisher>Association Française de Finance (AFFI) / Presses universitaires de Grenoble</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">32</biblScope>
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                  <date type="datePub">2011</date>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Behavioral Finance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Epistemology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Theory-Method intersection</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Comparative Thinking</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Governance systems</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Law and Finance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Hofstede</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Dimensionalism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Law and finance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Institutional Context</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">National Culture</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Culture</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Finance</term>
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              <p>Recent reviews on culture-research in International Business have stressed some of the merits of past culture-research centered on cross-national surveys while suggesting a potential for new approaches. At the same time, in financial research, a strong and significant interest for Culture studies is rising. We conduct here a survey of the financial literature, based on a systematic procedure to account for all existing efforts in relation to Culture and finance. Doing so, we note an overwhelming diversity of approaches in the way culture is conceptualized and operationalized, with little converging or consistent results to date. While it seems that current efforts centered on country-based indices (such as those derived from- or akin- to Hofstede’s seminal contributions) seem to hardly find their way into main-stream peer-reviewed financial journals, other options are not yet coming through. Why? We underline the importance of disciplinary inbreeding in the way culture is operationalized in financial research today; the current methodological toolkit, embedded in the neoclassical paradigm (Brennan, 1995), may be insufficient to deal effectively with culture processes. Further venues may need to adapt the mainstream methodological toolkit accordingly. As a result, we suggest implementing backward definitions of culture with reliance on groups’ characteristics and conceptualization of culture-finance mechanisms rather than departing from “what culture is” (or should be). Overall, it may be no coincidence if a culture interest is rising at a time Zingales (2000) calls for a re-foundation in Finance.</p>
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              <p>Nous analysons de manière systématique les articles en finance faisant référence au concept de culture et publiés dans les journaux académiques à comité de lecture. Il s’agit de faire émerger les définitions de la culture mobilisées par les chercheurs qui se sont intéressés à ce thème. Nos résultats sont les suivants. Premièrement, l’usage du concept est souvent lié à l’idée de « culture nationale ». Deuxièmement, nous mettons en lumière le fait que le concept de culture est désormais d’usage fréquent. Il concerne un éventail très large de sujets, allant de l’étude des flux financiers internationaux à celle de la politique financière des entreprises, en passant par l’analyse du développement, de l’efficience et de la robustesse des marchés financiers et des structures « macro-financières ». Troisièmement, nous notons une polarisation marquée de la recherche, avec un certain nombre d’études retenant une approche par des « indices de culture nationale » (dimensionalisme), tandis que, la plupart des autres travaux ne proposent pas de définition précise. Cela nous conduit à étendre notre revue à l’ensemble des travaux dimensionalistes, indépendamment du protocole initial de recherche, et cela nous fournit un quatrième résultat. En dépit de ses forces, il ne semble guère que l’approche dimensionaliste puisse aujourd’hui prétendre à une visée intégrative. Notre travail est une première contribution pour le référencement pour la finance des approches culturelles existant dans les autres sciences humaines. Nous suggérons l’adoption de « définitions à rebours » pour ‘la culture en finance’ et la fertilisation croisée, en utilisant, en particulier, les connaissances accumulées afférant au dimensionalisme, à la confiance, ou encore aux religions.</p>
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