<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-03346420</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-20T07:56:19+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ignacio</forename>
                <surname>Rubio</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">456894-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Antonio</forename>
                <surname>Díaz-Álvarez</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2276839-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Richard</forename>
                <surname>Bernier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">9574d6270fc040e7298107def08e9f77</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">richard-bernier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">753480</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">46799-753480</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-5966</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&amp;user=0zkX7zEAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-178323"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Alexis</forename>
                <surname>Rusinek</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4bf2ac5dcbd824892c9409cab8138b8b</email>
              <email type="domain">enim.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1099955</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">673364-1099955</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/14371760X</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-0844</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-178323"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jose Antonio</forename>
                <surname>Loya</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2285521-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Maria Henar</forename>
                <surname>Miguelez</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2285522-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marcos</forename>
                <surname>Rodríguez-Millán</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">808817</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2285328-808817</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-8425</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>christophe</forename>
                <surname>czarnota</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a68646abdb6b6236c186fb07c481abf3</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2021-09-16 12:32:57</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-01 03:19:30</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2021-09-16 12:32:57</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2020-05</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288334"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="496499">
                <persName>
                  <forename>christophe</forename>
                  <surname>czarnota</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">a68646abdb6b6236c186fb07c481abf3</email>
                <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-03346420</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03346420</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">rubio:hal-03346420</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Sensors&lt;/i&gt;, 2020, 20 (10), pp.2853. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102853"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.3390/s20102853&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Sensors, 2020, 20 (10), pp.2853. &amp;#x27E8;10.3390/s20102853&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSAM">Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LEM3-UL">LEM3 - Laboratoire d'étude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HESAM">Hesam</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HESAM-ENSAM" corresp="HESAM">Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers - Hesam</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="M4-UL">Pôle scientifique Matière, Matériaux, Métallurgie, Mécanique de l'Université de Lorraine</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ignacio</forename>
                    <surname>Rubio</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">456894-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Antonio</forename>
                    <surname>Díaz-Álvarez</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2276839-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Richard</forename>
                    <surname>Bernier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">9574d6270fc040e7298107def08e9f77</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">richard-bernier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">753480</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">46799-753480</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-5966</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&amp;user=0zkX7zEAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-178323"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Alexis</forename>
                    <surname>Rusinek</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">4bf2ac5dcbd824892c9409cab8138b8b</email>
                  <email type="domain">enim.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1099955</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">673364-1099955</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/14371760X</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-0844</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-178323"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jose Antonio</forename>
                    <surname>Loya</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2285521-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Maria Henar</forename>
                    <surname>Miguelez</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2285522-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marcos</forename>
                    <surname>Rodríguez-Millán</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">808817</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2285328-808817</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-8425</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-45695"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">55556</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1424-8220</idno>
                <title level="j">Sensors</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>MDPI</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">20</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">2853</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2020-05</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.3390/s20102853</idno>
              <idno type="pubmedcentral">PMC7288334</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">piezoelectric sensor</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">CT tomography</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">3D scanner</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">damage</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">composite</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi">Engineering Sciences [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-45695" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03ths8210</idno>
          <orgName>Universidad Carlos III de Madrid = University of Carlos III of Madrid</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UC3M</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Calle Madrid 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid</addrLine>
              <country key="ES"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.uc3m.es/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-178323" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">153083956</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000417588568</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201119725X</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]RTC--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01nyrrx14</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LEM3</orgName>
          <date type="start">2011-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-57070 Metz</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lem3.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7239" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1003434" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-413289" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">157040569</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]100--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04vfs2w97</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UL</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1003434" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02637515X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121946047</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/018pp1107</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q2570220</idno>
          <orgName>Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-03-04</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>151 boulevard de l'Hôpital 75013 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://artsetmetiers.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>