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            <funder>Funding was provided by National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. RS-2023-00254424), Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (Grant No. 20229A10100070).</funder>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy&lt;/i&gt;, 2024, 10 (2), pp.965-981. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00843-0"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s40831-024-00843-0&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Metal oxides</term>
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              <p>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The applicability of solvoleaching process for treating various metal oxides (MOs) using acidic extractant, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/D2EHPA or neodecanoic acid/Versatic 10, was investigated. Solvoleaching of MOs was found to be in accordance with the values of standard Gibbs energy of reaction between H + and MOs (ΔG 0 298K ), standard Gibbs energy of formation (ΔG f 0 ) and lattice energy (U). Exceptions happened to MOs like Cu 2 O, iron oxides (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 ), Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 and NiO, which could be explained by the proposed solvoleaching mechanism using D2EHPA. Addition of a small amount of water could substantially increase solvoleaching yields and kinetics. Metallic copper could serve as a reducing agent (creating coupled reduction-oxidation/redox reactions with the MOs) to improve the metal solvoleaching and prevent oxidation of D2EHPA molecules, whilst graphite acted as a catalyst for the redox reactions. Versatic-10 showed similar solvoleaching behavior, albeit with a lower solvoleaching capacity than D2EHPA. Recovery of metals from loaded D2EHPA was accomplished by stripping with a pH-controlled aqueous solution or by precipitation-stripping with oxalic acid to produce final products. In particular, Fe stripping could only occur using HCl, necessitating a selective stripping procedure. Recyclability of D2EHPA was evaluated by performing five solvoleaching-stripping cycles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</p>
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