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              <p>Building on seven fundamental theoretical approaches to media influence and people’s behaviour toward information developed between the 1950s and 1980s—Two-Step Flow of Communication, Homophily, Encoding/Decoding, Uses and Gratifications, Arts of Poaching, Agenda-Setting, and Spiral of Silence—this paper puts into perspective the circulation of online content and the underlying mechanisms of disinformation in digital spheres. Our approach seeks to highlight the necessity, for theorists as well as practitioners, to consider fact-checking not only as a “false vs. true” verification mechanism, but as a communication process in and of itself.</p>
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              <p>Sur la base de sept approches théoriques fondamentales concernant l’influence des médias et le comportement des individus face à l’information développées entre les années 1950 et 1980—flux de communication à deux temps, homophilie, encodage/décodage, usages et gratifications, arts du braconnage, fonction de mise à l’agenda et spirale du silence—cet article met en perspective la circulation des contenus en ligne et les mécanismes sous-jacents à la désinformation dans les sphères numériques. Notre approche vise à souligner la nécessité, pour les théoriciens comme pour les praticiens, de considérer le fact-checking non seulement comme un mécanisme de vérification du « faux contre le vrai », mais aussi comme un processus de communication en soi.</p>
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