A. M. G-'sell-c and U. B. Dahoun-a, In situ observation of the plastic deformation of polypropylene spherulites under uniaxial tension and simple shear in the scanning electron microscope, Polymer, vol.36, issue.4, pp.731-742, 1995.

A. F. Dahoun-a and H. J. G-'sell-c, Characterization of volume strain at large deformation under uniaxial tension in high-density polyethylene, Polymer, vol.47, pp.4387-4399, 2006.

C. J. Alvarado-, . Liu-h, . A. Polak-m, and . Penlidis-a, Microand macro-mechanical approaches for modeling of polyethylene material for pipes, Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics & Construction, pp.449-558, 2006.

A. S. Baravian-c, R. N. , and C. C. , In situ mechanical characterization of polymers with the association of three optical techniques, Applied Physics Letters, vol.91, issue.7, 2007.

A. R. Arieby, « Caractérisation mécanique et modélisation thermodynamique du comportement anisotrope du Polyéthylène Haute Densité. Intégration des effets d'endommagement, Thèse de doctorat en mécanique et énergétique, 2007.

A. E. , B. M. Arzhakova-o, D. A. , C. I. , Y. L. Volynskii-a et al., « Evolution of plastic anisotropy in amorphous polymers during finite straining The Effect of Preliminary Orientation of Polymers via Tensile drawing at elevated temperature on solvent crazing, International Journal of Plasticity Polymer Science, vol.9, issue.8, pp.697-720, 1993.

. C. Baravian and D. J. Caton-f, Steady light diffusion application to rheology: a new tool for the characterization of concentrated suspensions, Rheologica Acta, vol.39, issue.5, pp.427-432, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00397-004-0364-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00342045

. C. Baravian, D. J. Caton-f, and M. J. , Steady light transport under flow: Characterization of evolving dense random media, Physical Review E, vol.3, issue.6, pp.397-404, 2007.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.37.003586

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00342048

B. C. , A. S. , R. N. Moumini-n, and C. C. , Optical techniques for in situ dynamical investigation of plastic damage, Rheol Acta, 2007.

B. C. Caton-f, D. J. Toussaint-g, and . Flaud-p, Incoherent light transport in an anisotropic random medium : A probe of human erythrocyte aggregation and deformation, p.11409, 2007.

B. C. , D. J. Decruppe-j-p, . Bartczak-z, P. M. Chinio-v, . Z. Bartczak et al., Birefringence determination in turbid media Blends of propylene ethylene and propylene-1-butene random copolymers: I. Morphology and structure Influence of molecular parameters on high-strain deformation of polyethylene in the plane-strain compression, Part I. Stress-strain behaviour, Physical Review E Polymer Polymer, vol.75, issue.46, pp.7549-7561, 2004.

. A. Bio-58-]-biot-m, . C. Bohren, . Huffman-d, Y. B. Bowden-p, . N. Brooks et al., Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles Deformation mechanisms in crystalline polymers Investigation into double yield points in polyethylene Temperature and strain rate dependence of yield strain and deformation behaviour in polyethylene Effect of morphology on the yield stress of polyethylene New criterion for craze initiation A Real-Time Simultaneous Small-and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of In-Situ Deformation of Isotropic Polyethylene Deformation of spherulitic polyethylene thin films, Proceeding of the third US National Congress of Applied Mechanics Time resolved simultaneous small and wide angle X-Ray scattering during polyethylene deformation ? II. Cold drawing of linear polyethylene, pp.1-18, 1958.

C. H. Cangemi, M. Y. Castagnet, and G. J. Dang-p, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatics « Une approche méso-macro continue pour la modélisation du comportement des polymères semi-cristallins à usage structural, Mécanique et Industrie Macroscopic volume changes of PVF2 undergoing uniaxial tension and creep, pp.557-570, 1985.

C. S. , G. J. , D. P. Castagnet-s, G. S. , G. J. Dang-p et al., Correlation between macroscopical viscoelastic behaviour and micromecanisms in strained ?-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Cavitation in strained polyvinylidene fluoride : mechanical and X-ray experimented studies The influence of the microscopic characteristics of a random medium on incoherent light transport, Materials Science and Engineering Polymer Optics Express, vol.276, issue.41, pp.152-159, 2000.

C. B. Cher and . S. Hin-t, Stress whitening in polyethylene, Polymer, vol.22, issue.12, pp.1610-1612, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(81)90372-4

C. P. Ernoult-i, ». Physique-des-polymères, I. Ernoult, and E. Herman, [CUN 85] CUNAT C., « Approche statistique des propriétés thermodynamiques des états liquides et vitreux, relaxation des liquides et transition vitreuse, influence des associations chimiques, « Thermodynamic treatment of relaxation in frozen-in systems, universality of the fluctuation distribution law for relaxation time, Thèse de doctorat, pp.419-423, 1985.

C. C. Dillet, . Baravian-c, and P. A. Caton-f, The DNLR approach and relaxation phenomena : part I : Historical account and DNLR formalism " . Mech. Of Time-Depend [DIE 02] DIENG L. : « Sur un modèle de comportement mécanique avec analyse modale de la dissipation intrinsèque : mise en oeuvre et validation numériques Size determination by use of two-dimensional Mueller matrices backscattered by optical thick random media, Lois constitutives de matériaux complexes stables ou vieillissants Thèse de doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, pp.680-685, 1996.

D. M. Asakura-t-de and D. T. De-donder-t, Caractérisation des milieux diffusants en écoulement par transport incohérent de lumière polarisée Reflectance properties of finite-size turbid media Leçons de thermodynamique et de chimie physique Thermodynamic theory of affinity : A book of principle, Thèse de doctorat, 1920.

F. V. Giroud-t, H. J. Strijko-e, H. S. G-'sell-c, . Goldberg-a, and G. C. Fond, Slow crack propagation under fatigue at controlled stress intensity Localisation des déformations et mécanismes d'endommagements dans les polymères multiphasés Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids, Polymer Mécanique & Industries, vol.43, issue.3, pp.1375-1382, 1995.

F. V. Gaucher-miri, S. R. Gearing-b, and A. L. , On the mechanisms of initiation and propagation of plastic instability in polyethylene under tensile drawing, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1113-1125, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19960430)34:6<1113::AID-POLB9>3.0.CO;2-Y

. S. Gehant, G. A. Schirrer-r, and . Durian-d, Multiple light scattering and cavitation in two phase tough polymers, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.44, issue.2, pp.113-126169, 1998.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.44.3948

S. Grubb, D. T. Prasadt-k, H. J. Dahoun-a, H. C. Addiego-f, and . Dahoun-a, Polymer Physics High-Modulus Polyethylene Fiber Structure As Shown by X-ray Diffraction « Compétition des mécanismes de cisaillement plastique et d'endommagement dans les polymères solides en traction uni axiale Experimental characterization of deformation damage in solid polymers under tension, and its interrelation with necking, Does the Strain Hardening Modulus of Glassy Polymers Scale with the Flow Stress, pp.4575-4582, 1992.

C. L. Bai-s, H. J. Haskell, . Svaasand-l, . Tsay-t, . Feng-t et al., Polypropylene/polyamide 6/polyethylene? octene elastomer blends Part 2: volume dilatation during plastic deformation under uniaxial tension Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer, HAW 93] HAWARD R.N., " Strain hardening of thermoplastic, pp.5785-5792, 1993.

H. I. Keller-a, E. A. Hielscher, M. J. Shen-d, F. J. Bigio-i, H. R. Hiss et al., Polymer deformation in terms of sphérolites Diffuse backscattering Mueller matrices of highly scattering media Network Stretching, Slip Processes, and Fragmentation of Crystallites during Uniaxial Drawing of Polyethylene and Related Copolymers. A Comparative Study A model treating tensile deformation of semi crystalline polymers: quasi-static stress-strain relationship and viscous stress determined for a sample of polyethylene, Kolloid Z.Z. Polym Opt. Express Macromolecules Macromolecules, vol.204, issue.37, pp.43-47, 1965.

H. R. Humbert, C. J. Lame-o, R. C. , V. G. Hubert, D. L. Seguela-r et al., Crystallinity in high polymers, especially fibres New Insight on Initiation of Cavitation in Semicrystalline Polymers: In-situ SAXS measurements Small-angle X-ray scattering investigation of the deformation processes in the amorphous phase of high density polyethylene, Polymer Macromolecules Polymer International, vol.3, issue.53, pp.349-392, 1962.

Z. Jiang, . Tang-y, . Men-y, L. D. Enderle-h-f, R. S. Gehrke-r et al., Structural Evolution of Tensile-Deformed High-Density Polyethylene during Annealing:?? Scanning Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study, Macromolecules, vol.40, issue.20, pp.7263-7269, 1997.
DOI : 10.1021/ma0627572

J. Z. Tang-y, R. J. Enderle-h-f, L. D. , R. S. Gehrke-r, L. Z. Wu-z et al., Structural evolution of tensile deformed high-density polyethylene at elevated temperatures: Scanning synchrotron small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies, Polymer, vol.50, pp.4101-4111, 2009.

. A. Kienle and . Patterson-m, Improved solutions of the steady-state and the time-resolved diffusion equations for reflectance from a semi-infinite turbid medium, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol.14, issue.1, p.246, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSAA.14.000246

. J. Kramer-e and . E. Krempl, Craze fibril formation and breakdown Relaxation behaviour and modeling, Polym Eng Sci International Journal of Plasticity, vol.17, pp.24-761, 1984.

. Lai, . L. Laiarinandrasana, . F. Morgeneyer-t, and R. C. Proudhon-h, « Damage of Semicrystalline Polyamide 6 Assessed by 3D X-Ray Tomography: From Microstructural Evolution to Constitutive Modeling, J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, vol.48, pp.1516-1525, 2010.

. C. Lechat, . R. Bunsell-a, P. A. Davies-p, J. Legros-n, I. I. Li et al., Mechanical behaviour of polyethylene terephthalate & polyethylene naphthalate fibres under cyclic loading Ultrasonic evaluation and application of oriented polymer rods The role of crystallinity in the crystallographic texture evolution of polyethylenes during tensile deformation, J. Mater. Sci. Ultrasonics. Polymer, vol.41, issue.44, pp.1745-1756, 1999.

M. G. Mau, M. W. Meijer-h, and G. L. , Thermodynamics with Internal Variables. Part I General Concepts Mechanical performance of polymer systems : The relation between structure and properties Some challenges of the development of constitutive equations of semicrystalline polymers for structural calculations, MEIJ 05] Thermodynamik und Relaxationserscheinungen Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, pp.915-938, 1949.

. G. Van-melick-h, . E. Govaert-l, . E. Meijer-h, B. J. Mohanraj, W. I. Dahoun-a et al., On the origin of strain hardening in glassy polymers Plastic deformation and damage of polyoxymethylene in the large strain range at elevated temperatures, Annalen der Physik, pp.2493-2502, 1908.

M. R. Marone-f, S. M. Moumini, R. K. Baravian-c.-m-'rabet-k.-m-'rabet, C. C. Negahban, . Goel-a et al., Transport incohérent de la lumière dans les milieux aléatoires, application à la caractérisation dynamique d'émulsions concentrées Incoherent light transport in anisotropic media: Form factor influence for oriented prolate ellipsoids Etude du transport de lumière en milieu anisotrope : Application à l'étude des fluides complexes « Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : Approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé An irreversible model for semicristalline polymers submitted to multisequence loading at large strain Thermodynamique des systèmes composites en équilibre ou hors équilibre Experimentally Evaluating the Equilibrium Stress in Shear of Glassy Polycarbonate A molecular theory of stress-strain relationship of spherulitic materials An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, AIP Conf. Proc., in press Thèse de doctoratMOUM 10] MOUMINI N. Thèse de doctorat Thèse de doctorat Mémoires de Sciences Physiques, Gauthier-Villars Editeur, pp.1545-1565, 1563.

Ö. M. Parker, . Baravian-c, D. J. Caton-f, M. J. Parsons, . V. Stepanov-e et al., Radiative Transfer and Interactions with Conduction and Convection Fast optical sizing without dilution The damage zone ahead of the arrested crack in polyethylene resins Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Polymers: The Role of Cavitation and Crystal Plasticity Cavitation during tensile deformation of high-density polyethylene, Food Hydrocolloids Journal of Materials Science Macromolecules Polymer, vol.21, issue.48, pp.831-837, 1973.

P. S. Qasmi, D. P. Rahouadj, G. J. , and C. C. , Ultrasonic velocity measurement for the determination of density in polyethylene Influence of the average roughness Rms on the precision of the Young's modulus and hardness determination using nanoindentation technique with a Berkovich indenter A thermodynamic approach with internal variables using Lagrange formalism. Part I: General framework, Polymer Engineering & Science. Surf. Coat. Techn. Mechanics Research Communications, vol.24, issue.109, pp.1354-1358, 1191.

R. N. , A. S. , C. C. , R. N. , A. S. Baravian-c et al., From thermomecanical heat source reconstruction to the validation of mechanical's behaviour's law [REN 07-c] RENAULT N., « Etude du couplage thermomécanique du Polyéthylène Haute Densité par essais mécaniques et inversion d'images infrarouges Visible, infrared and incoherent light transport optical techniques for in-situ material testing Astrophysik and Atomtheoretische Grundlage, Thèse de doctorat en mécanique et énergétique, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, pp.729-730, 1931.

L. J. Delobelle-p, C. B. Vairac-p, and . R. Schirrer, Comparaison of three different scales techniques for the dynamic mechanical characterization of two polymers (PDMS and SU8), Quelques aspects de la rupture des polymères : craquelures, micro-cisaillements et renforcements aux chocs, 1995.

S. R. Lenke-r, S. J. Boudouaz, and G. A. Bonner-r, Study of mechanical damage in rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) by single and multiple scattering of light Polymer engineer and science Use of polarizedlight to discriminate short-path photons in a multiply scattering medium, Appl. Opt, vol.37, issue.31, pp.1748-1760, 1992.

S. K. , T. S. , Z. N. , D. R. , and R. C. Stamm-m, The Study of Cavitation in HDPE Using Time Resolved Synchrotron X-ray Scattering During Tensile Deformation, Macromol. Symp, vol.236, pp.241-248, 2006.

J. A. Schrauwen-b, . E. Govaert-l, and . E. Meijer-h, Intrinsic Deformation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers, Macromolecules, vol.37, issue.16, pp.6069-6078, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ma035279t

A. Schuster, Radiation Through a Foggy Atmosphere, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.21, pp.1-22, 1905.
DOI : 10.1086/141186

. Siegel-r, . R. Howell-j, . Y. Tang, . Jiang-z, A. L. Men-y et al., Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer Uniaxial deformation of overstretched polyethylene:In-situ synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering study Strain-hardening behavior of polycarbonate in the glassy state, Polymer J. Rheology, vol.48, issue.44 6, pp.5125-5132, 1992.

T. L. Thomas, C. G. Ferreiro-v, and . Seguela-r, In situ AFM investigation of crazing in polybutene spherulites under tensile drawing, -situ AFM investigation of crazing in polybutene spherulites under tensile drawing, pp.6041-6048, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.062

A. L. Volynskii, G. A. , K. A. Bol-'shakova-a, . F. Bakeev-n, . M. Wang et al., The Phenomenological Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour, An Introduction Visualization of Structural Rearrangements during Annealing of Solvent-Crazed Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Theory of Networks of Non-Gaussian Flexible Chains, pp.816-827, 1952.

. Wu, . J. Wu, . M. Schultz-j, . Yeh-f, C. S. Hsiao-b et al., In-Situ Simultaneous Synchrotron Small-and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurement of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Fibers under Deformation In situ study of structure development during continuous hot-drawing of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) fibers by simultaneous synchrotron small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering, Macromolecules Polymer, vol.33, issue.42, pp.7161-7170, 1765.

W. J. Wu, . Yamashita-t, and . Nabeshima-y, The interfacial properties and porous structures of polymer blends characterized by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering A study of the microscopic plastic deformation process in poly(methylmethacrylate)/acrylic impact modifier compounds by means of small angle X-ray scattering, Polymer Polymer, vol.41, pp.8033-8040, 2000.