G. Asmussen, I. Schmalbruch, T. Soukup, and D. Pette, Contractile properties, fiber types, and myosin isoforms in fast and slow muscles of hyperactive Japanese waltzing mice, Experimental Neurology, vol.184, issue.2, pp.758-766, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00294-2

A. Bär and D. Pette, Three fast myosin heavy chains in adult rat skeletal muscle, FEBS Letters, vol.135, issue.1-2, pp.153-155, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90703-0

J. R. Basset and S. H. West, Vascularization of the adrenal cortex: its possible involvement in the regulation of steroid hormone release, Microscopy Research and Technique, vol.21, issue.6, pp.546-557, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000122526

S. Betlejewski, Physiology and surgery of the nose, Otolaryngol . Pol, vol.52, pp.159-162, 1998.

R. Bottinelli, M. Canepari, M. A. Pellegrino, and C. Reggiani, Force-velocity properties of human skeletal muscle fibres: myosin heavy chain isoform and temperature dependence., The Journal of Physiology, vol.495, issue.2, pp.573-586, 1996.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021617

U. Boutellier, H. Howald, D. Prampero, P. E. Giezendanner, D. Cerretelli et al., Human muscle adaptations to chronic hypoxia, Hypoxia, Exercise and Altitude, pp.273-281, 1983.

G. S. Butler-browne, J. P. Barbet, and L. E. Thornell, Myosin heavy and light chain expression during human skeletal muscle development and precocious muscle maturation induced by thyroid hormone, Anatomy and Embryology, vol.181, issue.6, pp.513-522, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00174624

J. W. Cavo, S. Kawamoto, B. P. Berlin, W. Zollinger, and J. H. Ogura, ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS CHANGES FOLLOWING NASAL PACKING IN DOGS, The Laryngoscope, vol.85, issue.12, pp.2055-2068, 1975.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-197512000-00012

D. 'albis, A. Chanoine, C. Janmot, C. Mira, J. C. Couteaux et al., Muscle-specific response to thyroid hormone of myosin isoform transitions during rat postnatal development, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.19, issue.1, pp.155-161, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90762-8

D. 'albis, A. Couteaux, R. Janmot, C. Roulet, and A. , Specific programs of myosin expression in the postnatal development of rat muscles, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.250, issue.3, pp.583-590, 1989.
DOI : 10.1038/299830a0

D. 'albis, A. Pantaloni, C. Bechet, and J. J. , An Electrophoretic Study of Native Myosin Isozymes and of Their Subunit Content, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.109, issue.2, pp.261-272, 1979.
DOI : 10.1177/23.3.47867

D. F. Darlene, J. Diorio, P. M. Plotsky, and M. J. Meaney, Environmental enrichment reverses the effects of maternal separation on stress reactivity, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.7840-7843, 2002.

P. N. Dekhuijzen, G. Gayan-ramirez, A. Bisschop, D. Bock, V. Dom et al., Corticosteroid treatment and nutritional deprivation cause a different pattern of atrophy in rat diaphragm, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.78, issue.2, pp.769-775, 1996.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1995.78.2.629

M. T. Falduto, S. M. Czerwinski, and R. C. Hickson, Glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy prevention by exercise in fast-twitch fibers, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.69, issue.3, pp.1058-1062, 1990.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.1058

F. Gomez, L. Abdeljalil, E. R. De-kloet, and A. Armario, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Chronic Stress in Five Inbred Rat Strains: Differential Responses Are Mainly Located at the Adrenocortical Level, Neuroendocrinology, vol.63, issue.4, pp.327-337, 1996.
DOI : 10.1159/000126973

N. Hartmann, J. M. Martrette, A. Westphal, and M. Divry, Effects of controllable stress on masticatory behavior and muscle structure: partial protective effect of clomipramine, Eur. J. Pharmacol, vol.266, pp.19-26, 1999.

C. Janmot and A. D-'albis, Electrophoretic separation of developmental and adult rabbit skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms: Example of application to muscle denervation study, FEBS Letters, vol.211, issue.1, pp.13-15, 1994.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb19906.x

T. Keck, R. Leiacker, D. Meixner, S. Kuhnemann, and G. Rettinger, Erw??rmung der Atemluft in der Nase, HNO, vol.49, issue.1, pp.36-40, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s001060050705

F. J. Kelly and D. F. Goldspink, The differing responses of four muscle types to dexamethasone treatment in the rat, Biochemical Journal, vol.208, issue.1, pp.147-151, 1982.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2080147

J. M. Martrette, N. Hartmann, S. Vonau, and A. Westphal, Effects of pre-and perinatal exposure to hypergravity on muscular structure development in rat, Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, vol.19, issue.6, pp.689-694, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005337316081

J. M. Martrette, N. Hartmann, A. Westphal, and L. Favot, Effect of glucocortico??d receptor ligands on myosin heavy chains expression in rat skeletal muscles during controllable stress, Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, vol.292, issue.4-5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2140617

S. E. Mattar, W. T. Anselmo-lima, F. C. Valera, and M. A. Matsumoto, Skeletal and occlusal characteristics in mouth-breathing pre-school children, Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, vol.28, issue.4, pp.315-318, 2004.
DOI : 10.17796/jcpd.28.4.hg0k800564031787

E. Meisami, Effects of olfactory deprivation on postnatal growth of the rat olfactory bulb utilizing a new method for production of neonatal unilateral anosmia, Brain Research, vol.107, issue.2, pp.437-444, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90243-2

J. P. Mortola and L. Naso, Electrophoretic analysis of contractile proteins of the diaphragm in chronically hypoxic rats, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol.269, issue.3, pp.371-376, 1995.
DOI : 10.1152/ajplung.1995.269.3.L371

B. R. Odedra, P. C. Bates, and D. J. Millward, Time course of the effect of catabolic doses of corticosterone on protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle and liver, Biochemical Journal, vol.214, issue.2, pp.617-627, 1983.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2140617

D. Pette, Training effects on the contractile apparatus, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, vol.16, issue.3, pp.367-376, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00121132

D. Pette and R. S. Staron, Cellular and molecular diversities of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers, Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol, vol.116, pp.1-76, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/3540528806_3

D. Pette and G. Vrbova, What does chronic electrical stimulation teach us about muscle plasticity?, Muscle & Nerve, vol.266, issue.6, pp.666-677, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004240050343

B. Polla, R. Bottinelli, D. Sandoli, C. Sardi, and C. Reggiani, Cortisone-induced changes in myosin heavy chain distribution in respiratory and hindlimb muscles, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, vol.178, issue.4, pp.353-361, 1994.
DOI : 10.1042/bj1780139

M. C. Raadsheer, T. M. Van-eijden, F. C. Van-ginkel, and B. Prahl-andersen, Contribution of jaw muscle size and cranio- 452, 1999.

M. Gelhaye, Myosin heavy chain expression and muscle adaptation to chronic oral breathing in rat, Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, vol.154, issue.3, pp.443-452, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.010

R. R. Roy, K. M. Baldwin, and V. R. Edgerton, The plasticity of skeletal muscle, effects of neuromuscular activity, Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews. Williams and Wilkins, pp.269-312, 1991.

S. Ruf, F. Cecere, J. Kupfer, and H. Pancherz, Stress-induced changes in the functional electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, vol.71, issue.1, pp.44-48, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/1419197

J. D. Rugh, C. J. Drago, and N. Barghi, Comparison of electromyographic and phonetic measurements of vertical rest position, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.44, issue.4, p.316, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(80)90108-0

W. L. Schlenker, B. D. Jenning, M. T. Jeiroudi, and J. M. Caruso, The effects of chronic absence of active nasal respiration on the growth of the skull: A pilot study, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol.117, issue.6, pp.706-713, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70180-6

T. Seene and A. Viru, The catabolic effect of glucocorticoids on different types of skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence upon muscle activity and interaction with anabolic steroids, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, vol.16, issue.2, pp.349-352, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-4731(82)90190-X

G. Sfondrini, C. Reggiani, P. Gandini, R. Bovenzi, and M. A. Pellegrino, Adaptations of masticatory muscles to a hyperpropulsive appliance in the rat, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol.110, issue.6, pp.612-617, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80037-0

G. C. Sieck, M. Fournier, Y. S. Prakash, and C. E. Blanco, Myosin phenotype and SDH enzyme variability among motor unit fibers, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.80, issue.6, 1996.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.6.2179

G. C. Sieck and M. Regnier, Invited Review: Plasticity and energetic demands of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.84, issue.3, 2001.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.4.1260

P. J. Singh and E. Tobach, Olfactory bulbectomy and nursing behavior in rat pups (Wistar DAB), Developmental Psychobiology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.151-164, 1975.
DOI : 10.2466/pr0.1971.29.2.563

H. G. Song and E. K. Pae, Changes in orofacial muscle activity in response to changes in respiratory resistance, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol.119, issue.4, pp.436-442, 2001.
DOI : 10.1067/mod.2001.112667

G. Soucek, S. Breit, H. E. König, and H. G. Liebich, Zur funktionellen bedeutung der muskulatur an deräußerender¨deräußeren nase beim schein 28, pp.307-314, 1999.

M. N. Spyropoulos, A. I. Tsolakis, C. Alexandridis, E. Katsavrias, and I. Dontas, Role of suprahyoid musculature on mandibular morphology and growth orientation in rats, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol.122, issue.4, pp.392-400, 2002.
DOI : 10.1067/mod.2002.125992

J. M. Steinacker, A. Opitz-gress, S. Baur, W. Lormes, K. Bolkart et al., Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscle of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol.31, issue.3, pp.443-449, 2000.
DOI : 10.1067/mva.2000.102848

B. Swynghedauw, Developmental and functional adaptation of contractile proteins in cardiac and skeletal muscles, Physiological Reviews, vol.66, issue.3, pp.710-771, 1986.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.1986.66.3.710

A. N. Tacx and R. J. Strack-van-schijndel, Arterial hypoxemia due to packing of the nose, Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd, vol.147, pp.1747-1749, 2003.

R. J. Talmadge and R. R. Roy, Electrophoretic separation of rat skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.75, issue.5, pp.2337-2340, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2337

T. Van-wessel, E. J. Langenbach, L. J. Van-ruijven, P. Brugman, and T. M. Van-eijden, Daily number and lengths of activity bursts in rabbit jaw muscles, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.8, pp.2209-2216, 2005.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008771

A. M. Waguespack, M. R. Reems, M. L. Butman, J. A. Cherry, and D. M. Coppola, Naris occlusion alters olfactory marker protein immunoreactivity in olfactory epithelium, Brain Research, vol.1044, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.047

J. F. Watchko and G. C. Sieck, Respiratory muscle fatigue resistance relates to myosin phenotype and SDH activity during development, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.1341-1347, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1341

K. Yang, X. Zeng, and M. Yu, A study on the difference of craniofacial morphology between oral and nasal breathing children, Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi, vol.37, pp.385-387, 2002.

R. Yemm, The role of tissue elasticity in the control of mandibular resting posture, Mastication. John Wright, pp.81-89, 1976.

W. Z. Zhan, J. F. Watchko, Y. S. Prakash, and G. C. Sieck, Isotonic contractile and fatigue properties of developing rat diaphragm muscle, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.263, issue.23, pp.1260-1268, 1998.
DOI : 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1341

Y. Abreu-villaca, F. D. Queiroz-gomes, A. P. Dal-monte, C. C. Filgueiras, and A. C. Manhaes, Individual differences in novelty-seeking behavior but not in anxiety response to a new environment can predict nicotine consumption in adolescent C57BL/6 mice, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.167, issue.1, pp.175-182, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.09.003

M. T. Bardo, R. L. Donohew, and N. G. Harrington, Psychobiology of novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.77, issue.1-2, pp.23-43, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00203-0

J. R. Basset and S. H. West, Vascularization of the adrenal cortex: its possible involvement in the regulation of steroid hormone release, Microscopy Research and Technique, vol.21, issue.6, pp.546-557, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000122526

A. Bateman, A. Singh, T. Kral, and S. Solomon, The Immune-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis*, Endocrine Reviews, vol.10, issue.1, pp.92-112, 1989.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv-10-1-92

P. C. Brunjes, Unilateral naris closure and olfactory system development, Brain Research Reviews, vol.19, issue.1, pp.146-160, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90007-8

P. C. Brunjes and J. R. Alberts, Olfactory stimulation induces filial preferences for huddling in rat pups., Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol.93, issue.3, pp.548-555, 1979.
DOI : 10.1037/h0077571

P. C. Brunjes, L. K. Smith-crafts, and R. Mccarty, Unilateral odor deprivation: Effects on the development of olfactory bulb catecholamines and behavior, Developmental Brain Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-6, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-3806(85)90063-X

M. Capri, D. Quaglino, G. Verzella, D. Monti, M. Bonafe et al., A cytofluorimetric study of T lymphocyte subsets in rat lymphoid tissues (thymus, lymph nodes) and peripheral blood: a continuous remodelling during the first year of life, Experimental Gerontology, vol.35, issue.5, pp.613-625, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00107-8

R. Coopersmith and M. Leon, Enhanced neural response to familiar olfactory cues, Science, vol.225, issue.4664, pp.849-851, 1984.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6474157

F. S. Dhabhar, B. S. Mcewen, and R. L. Spencer, Adaptation to Prolonged or Repeated Stress ??? Comparison between Rat Strains Showing Intrinsic Differences in Reactivity to Acute Stress, Neuroendocrinology, vol.65, issue.5, pp.360-368, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000127196

D. Dreau, G. Sonnenfeld, N. Foxler, D. S. Morton, and M. Lyte, Effects of Social Conflict on Immune Responses and E. coli Growth Within Closed Chambers in Mice, Physiology & Behavior, vol.67, issue.1, pp.133-140, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00072-4

M. Exner and D. Clark, Behaviour in the novel environment predicts responsiveness to d-amphetamine in the rat, Behavioural Pharmacology, vol.4, issue.1, pp.47-56, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00008877-199302000-00005

M. Gelhaye, J. M. Martrette, C. Legrand-frossi, and M. Trabalon, Myosin heavy chain expression and muscle adaptation in rat, 2006.

M. W. Groer, J. Hill, J. E. Wilkinson, and A. Stuart, Effects of Separation and Separation with Supplemental Stroking in BALB/c Infant Mice, Biological Research For Nursing, vol.128, issue.3, pp.119-131, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s002130050130

T. Hongo, A. Hakuba, K. Shiota, and I. Naruse, Suckling Dysfunction Caused by Defects in the Olfactory System in Genetic Arhinencephaly Mice, Neonatology, vol.78, issue.4, pp.293-299, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000014282

E. D. Knuth and A. M. Etgen, Corticosterone secretion induced by chronic isolation in neonatal rats is sexually dimorphic and accompanied by elevated ACTH, Hormones and Behavior, vol.47, issue.1, pp.65-75, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.08.011

A. Marcilhac, D. Maurel, G. Anglade, G. Ixart, M. Mekaouche et al., Effects of Bilateral Olfactory Bulbectomy on Circadian Rhythms of ACTH, Corticosterone, Motor Activity and Body Temperature in Male Rats, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, vol.16, issue.6, pp.552-559, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0163-7258(90)90043-2

E. Meisami, Effects of olfactory deprivation on postnatal growth of the rat olfactory bulb utilizing a new method for production of neonatal unilateral anosmia, Brain Research, vol.107, issue.2, pp.437-444, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90243-2

C. L. Moore and G. A. Morelli, Mother rats interact differently with male amd female offspring., Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol.93, issue.4, pp.677-684, 1979.
DOI : 10.1037/h0077599

E. J. Nordeen, K. W. Nordeen, D. R. Sengelaub, and A. P. Arnold, Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus, Science, vol.229, issue.4714, pp.671-673, 1985.
DOI : 10.1126/science.4023706

P. Peretto, C. Giachino, G. C. Panzica, and A. Fasolo, Sexually dimorphic neurogenesis is topographically matched with the anterior accessory olfactory bulb of the adult rat, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.306, issue.3, pp.385-389, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s00441-001-0471-1

R. W. Rhees, E. D. Lephart, and D. Eliason, Effects of maternal separation during early postnatal development on male sexual behavior and female reproductive function, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.123, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4328(00)00381-8

V. Sczerzenie and S. Hsiao, Development of locomotion toward home nesting material in neonatal rats, Developmental Psychobiology, vol.7, issue.4, pp.315-321, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-3063-9_18

A. M. Seiden and H. J. Duncan, The Diagnosis of a Conductive Olfactory Loss, The Laryngoscope, vol.113, issue.1, pp.9-14, 2001.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1987.01860050093023

N. Shanks, R. J. Windle, P. A. Perks, M. S. Harbuz, D. S. Jessop et al., Early-life exposure to endotoxin alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and predisposition to inflammation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97, pp.5645-5650, 2000.
DOI : 10.1203/00006450-199710000-00011

R. B. Simerly, Wired on hormones: endocrine regulation of hypothalamic development, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.81-85, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.013

B. Song, B. Earley, and B. E. Leonard, Behavioural and immunological effects of the antihistamine terfenadine in olfactory bulbectomized rats, European Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.6, issue.3, pp.157-162, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0924-977X(95)00073-X

C. Song and B. E. Leonard, Effect of thymopeptides on behaviour and some immunological response in olfactory bulbectomized rats, Med. Sci. Res, vol.20, pp.929-930, 1993.

C. Song and B. E. Leonard, The effect of olfactory bulbectomy in the rat, alone or in combination with antidepressants and endogenous factors, on immune function, Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, vol.643, issue.1, pp.7-18, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00667.x

C. Song and B. E. Leonard, The olfactory bulbectomised rat as a model of depression, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.29, issue.4-5, pp.627-647, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.010

E. Soppi, The role of the maturation stage of thymocytes on the phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses in thymocyte and lymph node lymphocyte cocultures in guinea pig. Effects of pretreatment of thymocytes with thymosin or levamisole, Immunopharmacology, vol.3, issue.1, pp.83-91, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0162-3109(81)90042-4

R. M. Sullivan, Developing a Sense of Safety, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.22, issue.1, pp.122-131, 2003.
DOI : 10.1521/psyc.64.4.319.18602

N. Tarcic, H. Ovadia, D. W. Weiss, and J. Weidenfeld, Restraint stress-induced thymic involution and cell apoptosis are dependent on endogenous glucocorticoids, Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol.82, issue.1, pp.40-46, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00186-0

D. L. Van-den-hove, H. W. Steinbusch, A. Scheepens, W. D. Van-de-berg, L. A. Kooiman et al., Prenatal stress and neonatal rat brain development, Prenatal stress and neonatal rat brain development, pp.145-155, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.060

H. J. Van-oers, E. R. De-kloet, and S. Levine, Persistent effects of maternal deprivation on HPA regulation can be reversed by feeding and stroking, 1999.

M. T. Van-raaij, M. Oortgiesen, H. H. Timmerman, C. J. Dobbe, and H. Van-loveren, Time-Dependent Differential Changes of Immune Function in Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Noise, Physiology & Behavior, vol.60, issue.6, pp.1527-1533, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00327-7

D. M. Vazquez, STRESS AND THE DEVELOPING LIMBIC???HYPOTHALAMIC???PITUITARY???ADRENAL AXIS, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.23, issue.7, pp.663-700, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00029-8

A. M. Waguespack, M. R. Reems, M. L. Butman, J. A. Cherry, and D. M. Coppola, Naris occlusion alters olfactory marker protein immunoreactivity in olfactory epithelium, Brain Research, vol.1044, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.047

B. Will, G. Toniolo, C. Kelche, V. Pallage, F. Deluzarche et al., The effects of postoperative physical environment on novelty seeking behaviour and maze learning in rats with hippocampal lesions, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.19, issue.3, pp.233-240, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-4328(86)90023-9

T. A. Wills, D. Vaccaro, and G. Mcnamara, Novelty seeking, risk taking, and related constructs as predictors of adolescent substance use: An application of Cloninger's theory, Journal of Substance Abuse, vol.6, issue.1, pp.1-20, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0899-3289(94)90039-6

Y. Xie, S. Frede, M. J. Harnish, M. S. Exton, and M. Schedlowski, -Adrenoceptor-Induced Inhibition of Rat Splenocyte Proliferation: Cytokine Gene Transcription as the Target of Action, Immunobiology, vol.206, issue.4, pp.345-353, 2002.
DOI : 10.1078/0171-2985-00185

S. Yoshimura, S. Sakamoto, H. Kudo, S. Sassa, A. Kumai et al., Sex-differences in adrenocortical responsiveness during development in rats, Steroids, vol.68, issue.5, pp.439-445, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00045-X

M. Gelhaye, Marie Trabalon 1 , Jean-Marc Martrette 1 , Jean-Claude Mayer 2 and Christine Legrand-Frossi 1

C. Arpin, M. Pihlgren, A. Fraichard, D. Aubert, J. Samarut et al., Effects of T3R??1 and T3R??2 Gene Deletion on T and B Lymphocyte Development, The Journal of Immunology, vol.164, issue.1, pp.152-160, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.152

P. G. Arrati, C. Carmona, G. Dominguez, C. Beyer, and J. S. Rosenblatt, GABA receptor agonists in the medial preoptic area and maternal behavior in lactating rats, Physiology & Behavior, vol.87, issue.1, pp.51-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.048

A. C. Bianco, A. L. Maia, W. S. Da-silva, and M. A. Christoffolete, Adaptive Activation of Thyroid Hormone and Energy Expenditure, Bioscience Reports, vol.278, issue.3-4, pp.191-208, 2005.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011909

J. Brewster and M. Leon, Relocation of the site of mother-young contact: Maternal transport behavior in Norway rats., Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol.94, issue.1, pp.69-79, 1980.
DOI : 10.1037/h0077644

I. Brouette-lahlou, F. Godinot, and E. Vernet-maury, The Mother Rat???s Vomeronasal Organ Is Involved in Detection of Dodecyl Propionate, the Pup???s Preputial Gland Pheromone, Physiology & Behavior, vol.66, issue.3, pp.427-436, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00334-5

I. Brouette-lahlou, E. Vernet-maury, and M. Vigouroux, Role of pups' ultrasonic calls in a particular maternal behavior in Wistar rat: pups' anogenital licking, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.50, issue.1-2, pp.147-154, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80296-7

S. M. Brudzynski, Principles of Rat Communication: Quantitative Parameters of Ultrasonic Calls in Rats, Behavior Genetics, vol.59, issue.3657, pp.85-92, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10519-004-0858-3

P. C. Brunjes, Unilateral naris closure and olfactory system development, Brain Research Reviews, vol.19, issue.1, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90007-8

P. C. Brunjes and J. R. Alberts, Olfactory stimulation induces filial preferences for huddling in rat pups., Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol.93, issue.3, pp.548-555, 1979.
DOI : 10.1037/h0077571

P. C. Brunjes, L. K. Smith-crafts, and R. Mccarty, Unilateral odor deprivation: Effects on the development of olfactory bulb catecholamines and behavior, Developmental Brain Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-6, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-3806(85)90063-X

D. Christianson, E. Roti, A. G. Vagenakis, and L. E. Braverman, The Sex-Related Difference in Serum Thyrotropin Concentration Is Androgen Mediated*, Endocrinology, vol.108, issue.2, pp.529-535, 1981.
DOI : 10.1210/endo-108-2-529

R. Coopersmith and M. Leon, Enhanced neural response to familiar olfactory cues, Science, vol.225, issue.4664, pp.849-851, 1984.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6474157

G. Coureaud and B. Schaal, Attraction of newborn rabbits to abdominal odors of adult conspecifics differing in sex and physiological state, Developmental Psychobiology, vol.150, issue.4, pp.271-281, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.150.3705.1835

F. Ganji and G. Behzadi, Postnatal development of masseteric motoneurons in congenital hypothyroid rats, Brain Research, vol.1129, pp.81-88, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.067

M. Gelhaye, J. M. Martrette, C. Legrand-frossi, and M. Trabalon, Myosin heavy chain expression and muscle adaptation to chronic oral breathing in rat, Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, vol.154, issue.3, pp.443-452, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.010

M. Gelhaye, M. Trabalon, J. M. Martrette, and C. Legrand-frossi, Effects of early olfactory deprivation on novelty-seeking behavior and primary and secondary lymphoid organs in young rats, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.31, issue.8, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.009

S. Gerling and P. Yahr, Maternal and paternal pheromones in gerbils???, Physiology & Behavior, vol.28, issue.4, pp.667-673, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90049-X

M. E. Hahn and M. J. Lavooy, A Review of the Methods of Studies on Infant Ultrasound Production and Maternal Retrieval in Small Rodents, Behavior Genetics, vol.43, issue.1, pp.31-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.3758/BF03337329

M. A. Hofer and H. N. Shair, Ultrasonic vocalization by rat pups during recovery from deep hypothermia, Developmental Psychobiology, vol.43, issue.7, pp.511-528, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/dev.420250705

T. Hongo, A. Hakuba, K. Shiota, and I. Naruse, Suckling Dysfunction Caused by Defects in the Olfactory System in Genetic Arhinencephaly Mice, Neonatology, vol.78, issue.4, pp.293-299, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000014282

L. Kalogjera, B. Pegan, and V. Petric, Compensatory Mechanisms Induced by High Oropharyngeal Airway Resistance in Rats, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.103, issue.2, pp.384-388, 1991.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1977.00780200095011

A. G. Kasdallah, B. Mornagui, N. Gharbi, S. Machghoul, and S. El-fazaa, Effets m??taboliques et endocriniens de la privation hydrique et/ou alimentaire chez le rat, Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol.328, issue.5, pp.463-470, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crvi.2005.02.003

G. S. Kelly, Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones: a review, Altern. Med. Rev, vol.5, pp.306-333, 2000.

S. Kobal, N. Cebulj-kadunc, and V. Cestnik, Serum T3 and T4 concentrations in the adult rats treated with herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Pfl??gers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, vol.440, issue.S1, pp.171-172, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s004240000051

J. Kohrle, Thyroid hormone deiodinases--a selenoenzyme family acting as gate keepers to thyroid hormone action, Acta Med. Austriaca, vol.23, pp.17-30, 1996.

N. Koibuchi and W. W. Chin, Thyroid Hormone Action and Brain Development, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.11, issue.4, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00238-1

W. Ma, Z. Miao, and M. V. Novotny, Role of the Adrenal Gland and Adrenal-Mediated Chemosignals in Suppression of Estrus in the House Mouse: The Lee-Boot Effect Revisited1, Biology of Reproduction, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1317-1320, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02154177

E. Meisami, Effects of olfactory deprivation on postnatal growth of the rat olfactory bulb utilizing a new method for production of neonatal unilateral anosmia, Brain Research, vol.107, issue.2, pp.437-444, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90243-2

J. M. Mirich and P. C. Brunjes, Activity modulates neuronal proliferation in the developing olfactory epithelium, Developmental Brain Research, vol.127, issue.1, pp.77-80, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00101-8

C. L. Moore, Maternal behavior of rats is affected by hormonal condition of pups., Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol.96, issue.1, 1982.
DOI : 10.1037/h0077866

H. Naito, M. Inoue, and J. Makino, Ultrasonic Isolation Calls in Genetically High- and Low-Emotional Rat Pups., Experimental Animals, vol.49, issue.4, pp.289-294, 2000.
DOI : 10.1538/expanim.49.289

L. V. Oberkotter, Suckling, but Not Formula Feeding, Induces a Transient Hyperthyroxinemia in Rat Pups*, Endocrinology, vol.123, issue.1, pp.127-133, 1988.
DOI : 10.1210/endo-123-1-127

M. Schmidt, D. K. Okimoto, G. W. Dent, M. K. Gordon, and S. Levine, Maternal Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the 20-Day-Old Rat: Consequences of Laboratory Weaning, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.277, issue.6, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5332.1659

V. Sczerzenie and S. Hsiao, Development of locomotion toward home nesting material in neonatal rats

J. E. Silva and P. R. Larsen, Adrenergic activation of triiodothyronine production in brown adipose tissue, Nature, vol.64, issue.5936, pp.712-713, 1983.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014555

B. Stahl, H. Distel, and R. Hudson, Effects of reversible nare occlusion on the development of the olfactory epithelium in the rabbit nasal septum, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.37, issue.2, pp.275-281, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00318449

J. M. Stern and A. V. Azzara, Thermal control of mother???young contact revisited, Physiology & Behavior, vol.77, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00798-9

J. M. Stern and S. K. Johnson, Ventral somatosensory determinants of nursing behavior in Norway rats. I. Effects of variations in the quality and quantity of pup stimuli, Physiology & Behavior, vol.47, issue.5, pp.993-1011, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90026-Z

R. M. Sullivan, Developing a Sense of Safety, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.22, issue.1, 2003.
DOI : 10.1521/psyc.64.4.319.18602

H. J. Van-oers, E. R. De-kloet, and S. Levine, Persistent Effects of Maternal Deprivation on HPA Regulation Can Be Reversed By Feeding and Stroking, But Not By Dexamethasone, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.8, issue.8, pp.581-588, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.04843.x

A. M. Waguespack, M. R. Reems, M. L. Butman, J. A. Cherry, and D. M. Coppola, Naris occlusion alters olfactory marker protein immunoreactivity in olfactory epithelium, Brain Research, vol.1044, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.047

C. D. Walker, S. Deschamps, K. Proulx, M. Tu, C. Salzman et al., Mother to infant or infant to mother? Reciprocal regulation of responsiveness to stress in rodents and the implications for humans, J. Psychiatry Neurosci, vol.29, pp.364-382, 2004.

T. Waner and A. Nyska, ) levels in the Fischer 344 inbred rat, Laboratory Animals, vol.22, issue.3, pp.276-280, 1988.
DOI : 10.1258/002367788780746458