É. Microsismique and .. , 55 3.2.1.1 Mesures de déformation en forage 58 3.2.1.2 Mesures de l'affaissement en surface, p.59

. Dans-ce-chapitre, il s'agira de faire une synthèse de l'ensemble des données collectées, ainsi que des travaux réalisés antérieurement en termes de modélisation prévisionnelle du premier effondrement et d'analyse préliminaire de la microsismicité induite

C. Énergie-au, 84 4.3.1 Estimation de l'énergie enregistrée

F. Fondamentale and A. , 94 4.4.1 Détermination de la fréquence fondamentale des signaux, p.94

. Dans-ce-chapitre, nous allons décrire les principales informations tirées de l'analyse de la signature des événements microsismiques issus du réseau de Cerville-Buissoncourt, en termes de type d'événements (isolé ou rafale), amplitudes

.. Méthode-de-localisation-absolue, 111 5.1.1 Rappels sur la notion de problème direct / problème inverse 111 5.1.2 Problème direct : Calcul des trajets et temps de propagation des ondes, p.115

.. Calibrage-de-la-localisation and .. Un-nouveau-modèle-de-vitesse, 116 5.2.1.1 Position des tirs de calage, p.129

.. Description-des-Événements-À-localiser, 131 5.3.1 Sélection et pointé des fichiers, Caractéristiques des événements à localiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

M. 2. Tests-supplémentaires-avec-la-sonde and .. , 146 5.4.3.1 Localisation sans la sonde M6

.. Période-d-'effondrement, 153 5.5.2.1 Avant le 1er pic d'activité, p.161

?. Une-certaine-quantité-d-'événements-est-concentrée-au-niveau-du-banc-de-dolomie-de and . Beaumont, En outre, ceux-ci s'étalent plus horizontalement que les foyers positionnés en-dessous

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L. Résumé, étude des signes précurseurs d'un effondrement brutal au-dessus de cavités souterraines, dont le recouvrement est caractérisé par la présence d'un banc massif et raide

. Aussi-mis-en-jeu,-une-cavité-saline,-située-dans-le-ne-de-la-france, Celle-ci a été exploitée par dissolution, jusqu'à atteindre une dimension critique (de l'ordre de 180 m) sous un recouvrement de 180 m, armé d'un banc raide de Dolomie situé à 120 m de profondeur. Un système de mesures multi-paramètres haute résolution visait à caractériser les signes précurseurs ainsi qu'à suivre l'effondrement lui-même. Il comprenait des dispositifs à la fois géotechniques et géophysiques, dont des mesures de nivellement de surface et un réseau permanent d'écoute microsismique. Ce dernier, dont les données font l'objet principal de cette thèse, était constitué de neuf sondes équipées de géophones 40 Hz (5 unidirectionnels et 4 tridirectionnels), réparties autour et à l'aplomb de la cavité, dont une dans le banc raide. L'évolution de la cavité a été marquée par deux épisodes majeurs d'activité microsismique : ? au printemps, 2004.

?. En-février, suite à ces observations, l'exploitant a décidé de provoquer l'effondrement, par le rabattement intensif de saumure dans la cavité. Pendant les trois jours d'opération, 2004.