P. Aagaard, J. S. Jahren, A. O. Harstad, O. Nilsen, and M. Ramm, Formation of grain-coating chlorite in sandstones. Laboratory synthesized vs. natural occurrences, Clay Minerals, vol.35, issue.1, pp.261-269, 2000.
DOI : 10.1180/000985500546639

S. U. Aja, D. Dyar, and M. , The stability of Fe???Mg chlorites in hydrothermal solutions???I. Results of experimental investigations, Applied Geochemistry, vol.17, issue.9, pp.1219-1239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00131-7

E. P. Barrett, L. G. Joyner, and P. H. Halenda, The Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Isotherms, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.73, issue.1, pp.373-380, 1951.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01145a126

A. Bauer and G. Berger, Kaolinite and smectite dissolution rate in high molar KOH solutions at 35?? and 80??C, Applied Geochemistry, vol.13, issue.7, pp.905-916, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00018-3

J. H. Boer, . De, B. C. Lippens, B. G. Linsen, J. C. Broekhoff et al., Thet-curve of multimolecular N2-adsorption, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.21, issue.4, pp.405-414
DOI : 10.1016/0095-8522(66)90006-7

J. H. Boer, . De, B. G. Linsen, and O. J. Th, Studies on pore systems in catalysts. VI. The universal t-curve, Journal of Catalysis, vol.4, pp.643-648, 1965.

S. Bonneville, P. Van-cappellen, and T. Behrends, Microbial reduction of iron(III) oxyhydroxides: effects of mineral solubility and availability, Chemical Geology, vol.212, issue.3-4, pp.255-268, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.015

D. Borden and R. F. Giese, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Cation Exchange Capacity Measurements by the Ammonia-Electrode Method, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.444-445, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490510

J. Y. Bottero, M. Arnaud, F. Villiéras, L. J. Michot, P. De-donato et al., Surface and Textural Heterogeneity of Fresh Hydrous Ferric Oxides in Water and in the Dry State, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.159, issue.1, pp.45-52, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.1993.1295

S. Brégoin, Variabilité spatiale et temporelle des caractéristiques du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse/Haute-Marne, 2003.

G. Brindley, Chemical Compositions of Berthierines???A Review, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.30, issue.2, pp.153-155, 1982.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300211

G. W. Brindley and J. Goodyear, X-ray studies of halloysite and meta-halloysite-II. The transition of halloysite to meta-halloysite in relation to relative humidity: Mineralogical Magazine, pp.407-422, 1948.

S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and E. Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.60, issue.2, pp.309-319, 1938.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01269a023

S. A. Carroll-webb and J. V. Walther, A surface complex reaction model for the pH-dependence of corundum and kaolinite dissolution rates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.52, issue.11, pp.2609-2623, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90030-0

S. A. Carroll and J. V. Walther, Kaolinite dissolution at 25 degrees , 60 degrees , and 80 degrees C, American Journal of Science, vol.290, issue.7, pp.797-810, 1990.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.290.7.797

S. J. Chipera and D. L. Bish, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Powder X-ray Diffraction Analyses, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.398-409, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490507

F. Claret, B. A. Sakharov, B. Drits, A. Meunier, L. Griffault et al., Clay minerals in the Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France): Possible influence of organic matter on clay mineral evolution, clays and clay minerals, vol.52, issue.5, pp.515-532, 2004.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520501

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00105751

J. M. Coey, Clay minerals and their transformations studied with nuclear techniques: The contribution of Mössbauer spectroscopy, Atomic Energy Review, vol.18, pp.73-123, 1980.

G. De-combarieu, P. Barboux, and Y. Minet, Iron corrosion in Callovo???Oxfordian argilite: From experiments to thermodynamic/kinetic modelling, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.32, issue.1-7, pp.346-358, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00114293

A. H. Cuttler, The Behaviour of a Synthetic 57Fe-Doped Kaolin: M??ssbauer and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies, Clay Minerals, vol.15, issue.4, pp.429-444, 1980.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1980.015.4.10

T. Delineau, Les argiles kaoliniques du Bassin des Charentes (France) : Analyses typologique, cristallochimique, spéciation du fer et applications, 1994.

V. A. Drits and C. Tchoubar, Determination of the Structural Characteristics of Mixed-Layer Minerals. In X-Ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures, pp.305-360, 1990.

V. C. Farmer, The Layer Silicates, pp.331-363, 1974.
DOI : 10.1180/mono-4.15

S. J. Fritz and T. A. Toth, An Fe-Berthierine from a Cretaceous Laterite: Part II. Estimation Of Eh, pH and pCO2 Conditions of Formation, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.580-586, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450409

S. A. Fysh, J. D. Cashion, and P. E. Clark, Mössbauer effect studies of iron in kaolin. I. Structural iron, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.4, pp.31-285, 1983.

E. Gaucher, C. Robelin, J. M. Matray, G. Négrel, Y. Gros et al., ANDRA underground research laboratory: interpretation of the mineralogical and geochemical data acquired in the Callovian???Oxfordian formation by investigative drilling, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.29, issue.1, pp.55-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2003.11.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00664755

D. Guillaume, Etude expérimentale du système fer ? smectite en présence de solution à 80 °C et 300 °C, 2002.

D. Guillaume, A. Neaman, M. Cathelineau, R. Mösser-ruck, C. Peiffert et al., Experimental synthesis of chlorite from smectite at 300??C in the presence of metallic Fe, Clay Minerals, vol.38, issue.3, pp.281-302, 2003.
DOI : 10.1180/0009855033830096

D. Guillaume, A. Neaman, M. Cathelineau, R. Mösser-ruck, C. Peiffert et al., Experimental study of the transformation of smectite at 80 and 300??C in the presence of Fe oxides, Clay Minerals, vol.39, issue.1, pp.17-34, 2004.
DOI : 10.1180/0009855043910117

B. Habert, Réactivité du fer dans les gels et les smectites, 2000.

M. S. Hassan, F. Villieras, A. Razafitianamaharavo, and L. J. Michot, Role of Exchangeable Cations on Geometrical and Energetic Surface Heterogeneity of Kaolinites, Langmuir, vol.21, issue.26, pp.12283-12289, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/la051993n

E. Hornibrook and F. J. Longstaffe, Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.44, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1996.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440101

F. J. Huertas, L. Chou, and R. Wollast, Mechanism of kaolinite dissolution at room temperature and pressure Part II: kinetic study, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.19-20, pp.3261-3275, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00249-5

A. Iijima and R. Matsumoto, Berthierine and Chamosite in Coal Measures of Japan, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.30, issue.4, pp.264-274, 1982.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300403

C. Janot, H. Gilbert, and C. Tobias, Caractérisation de kaolinites ferrifères par spectrométrie Mössbauer, pp.281-291, 1973.

M. Jarlbring, L. Gunneriusson, B. Hussmann, and W. Forsling, Surface complex characteristics of synthetic maghemite and hematite in aqueous suspensions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.285, issue.1, pp.212-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.005

H. Kodama, G. Longworth, and M. G. Townsend, A Mossbauer investigation of some chlorites and their oxidation products, Canadian Mineralogist, vol.20, issue.4, pp.585-592, 1982.

E. Kohler, Réactivité des mélanges synthétiques smectite/kaolinite et smectite/aluminium gel en présence d'un excès de fer métal. DRRT génie des matériaux, 2001.

P. Landais, Advances in geochemical research for the underground disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in a clay formation, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol.88, issue.1-3, pp.32-36, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.011

S. Lantenois, B. Lanson, F. Muller, A. Bauer, M. Jullien et al., Experimental study of smectite interaction with metal Fe at low temperature: 1. Smectite destabilization, clays and clay minerals, vol.53, issue.6, pp.597-612, 2005.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530606

O. Larsen and D. Postma, Kinetics of reductive bulk dissolution of lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, and goethite, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.9, pp.1379-2001, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00623-2

K. J. Mackenzie and R. M. Berezowski, Thermal and M??ssbauer studies of iron-containing hydrous silicates. V. Berthierine, Thermochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.1-3, pp.291-312, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6031(84)80030-1

P. Mäkie, G. Wesin, P. Persson, and L. Osterlund, Adsorption of Trimethyl Phosphate on Maghemite, Hematite, and Goethite Nanoparticles, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.115, issue.32, pp.8948-8959, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/jp201065w

P. J. Malden and R. E. Meads, Substitution by Iron in Kaolinite, Nature, vol.156, issue.5103, pp.844-846, 1967.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.142.327

I. Mantin, Mesure de la capacité d'échange des minéraux argileux par l'éthylène diamine et les ions complexes de l'éthylène diamine, Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie D: Sciences Naturelles, pp.815-818, 1969.

I. Mantin and R. Glaeser, Fixation des ions cobaltihexamines par les montmorillonites acides, Bulletin du Groupe Francais des Argiles, vol.12, p.188, 1960.
DOI : 10.3406/argil.1960.974

H. W. Marel and H. Beutelspacher, Atlas of infrared spectroscopy of clay minerals and their admixtures, 1976.

A. R. Mermut and A. F. Cano, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Chemical Analyses of Major Elements, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.381-386, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490504

L. J. Michot, M. François, and J. M. Cases, Surface heterogeneity studied by a quasi-equilibrium gas adsorption procedure, Langmuir, vol.6, issue.3, pp.677-681, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/la00093a025

Y. Moëlo, P. Léone, Y. Matsushita, M. Mancini-le-granvalet, and P. Deniard, Berthiérine hydrothermale de Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux, 2009.

W. F. Moll, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Geological Origin, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.372-373, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490503

G. Montes-hernandez, P. Beeck, F. Renard, E. Quirico, B. Lanson et al., Fast Precipitation of Acicular Goethite from Ferric Hydroxide Gelunder Moderate Temperature (30 and 70 °C) Crystal Growth & Design, pp.2264-2272, 2004.

L. R. Morel, Etude expérimentale des phénomènes d'échange sur différents minéraux argileux, Annales Agricoles, vol.8, pp.5-90, 1957.

R. Mosser-ruck, M. Cathelineau, G. D. Charpentier, D. Rousset, D. Barres et al., Effects of Temperature, pH, and Iron/Clay and Liquid/Clay Ratios on Experimental Conversion of Dioctahedral Smectite to Berthierine, Chlorite, Vermiculite, or Saponite, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.58, issue.2, pp.280-291, 2010.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2010.0580212

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00566986

M. Osacky, V. Sucha, A. Czimerova, and J. Madejova, Reaction of smectites with iron in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75??C, Applied Clay Science, vol.50, issue.2, pp.237-244, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2010.08.004

M. Perronnet, Réactivité des matériaux argileux dans un contexte de corrosion métal Application au stockage des déchets radioactifs en site argileux, 2004.

M. Perronnet, F. Villieras, M. Jullien, A. Razafitianamaharavo, J. Raynal et al., Towards a link between the energetic heterogeneities of the edge faces of smectites and their stability in the context of metallic corrosion, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.6, pp.1463-1479, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00122775

S. Petit and A. Decarreau, Hydrothermal (200??C) Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of Iron-Rich Kaolinites, Clay Minerals, vol.25, issue.2, pp.181-196, 1990.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.2.04

S. Petit, J. Madelova, A. Decarreau, and F. Martin, Characterization of Octahedral Substitutions in Kaolinites Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.47, issue.1, pp.130-108, 1999.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470111

B. Prélot, F. Villiéras, M. Pelletier, G. Gérard, F. Gaboriaud et al., Morphology and surface heterogeneities in synthetic goethites, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.261, issue.2, pp.244-254, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00058-4

D. Rousset, Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard Reconstitution de l'histoire diagénétique et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des cibles. Aspects minéralogiques, géochimiques et isotopiques, 2002.

J. D. Russell, A. R. Fraser, and . Wilson, Infrared methods. in Clay Mineralogy: Spectroscopic and Chemical Determinative Methods (EDX, pp.11-67, 1994.

. Sammartino, Construction d'un modèle conceptuel de la porosité et de la minéralogie dans les argilites du site de Bure, 2001.

D. Savage, C. Watson, S. Benbow, and J. Wilson, Modelling iron-bentonite interactions, Applied Clay Science, vol.47, issue.1-2, pp.91-98, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.011

M. Sayed-hassan, Etude des hétérogénéités morphologiques et énergétiques superficielles des kaolinites par AFM et adsorption de gaz, 2005.

M. Sayed-hassan, F. Villieras, F. Gaboriaud, and A. Razafitianamaharavo, AFM and low-pressure argon adsorption analysis of geometrical properties of phyllosilicates, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.296, issue.2, pp.614-623, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.028

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00086907

M. L. Schlegel, C. Bataillon, K. Benhamida, C. Blanc, D. Menut et al., Metal corrosion and argillite transformation at the water-saturated, high-temperature iron???clay interface: A microscopic-scale study, Applied Geochemistry, vol.23, issue.9, pp.2619-2633, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.019

J. R. Smyth, M. D. Dyar, H. M. May, O. P. Bricker, and J. G. Acker, Crystal Structure Refinement and M??ssbauer Spectroscopy of an Ordered, Triclinic Clinochlore, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.544-550, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450406

T. A. Toth and S. J. Fritz, An Fe-Berthierine from a Cretaceous Laterite: Part I. Characterization, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.564-579, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450408

F. Villiéras, J. M. Cases, M. François, L. J. Michot, and F. Thomas, Texture and surface energetic heterogeneity of solids from modeling of low pressure gas adsorption isotherms, Langmuir, vol.8, issue.7, p.1789, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/la00043a018

F. Villiéras, L. J. Michot, C. J. Bérend, I. Bardot, F. François et al., Chapter 11. Static and dynamic studies of the energetic surface heterogeneity of clay minerals, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol.104, pp.573-623, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-2991(97)80074-2

F. Villiéras, V. S. Mamleev, D. Nicholson, and J. Cases, Adsorption of Spherical Molecules in Probing the Surface Topography:?? 2. Model of Conditional Probabilities, Langmuir, vol.18, issue.10, pp.3963-3979, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/la0116387

B. Yven, S. Sammartino, Y. Géraud, H. Homand, F. Villiéras et al., Texture and Porosity of Callovo-Oxfordian Argillites of the Meuse/Haute-Marne Region, Eastern Paris Basin), vol.178, pp.73-90, 2007.

A. Zegeye, M. Abdelmoula, M. Usman, K. Hanna, and C. Ruby, In situ monitoring of lepidocrocite bioreduction and magnetite formation by reflection Mossbauer spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, vol.96, issue.8-9, pp.1410-1413, 2011.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2011.3794

S. Aja, D. Dyar, and M. , The stability of Fe???Mg chlorites in hydrothermal solutions???I. Results of experimental investigations, Applied Geochemistry, vol.17, issue.9, pp.1219-1239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00131-7

S. Bailey, Odinite, A New Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Fe3+-Rich 1:1 Clay Mineral, Clay Minerals, vol.23, issue.3, pp.237-247, 1988.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1988.023.3.01

F. Bardot, F. Villiéras, L. Michot, M. François, G. Gérard et al., HIGH RESOLUTION GAS ADSORPTION STUDY ON ILLITES PERMUTED WITH VARIOUS CATIONS ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE ENERGETIC PROPERTIES, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol.19, issue.6-7, pp.739-759, 1998.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450102

S. Belin, V. Briois, A. Traverse, M. Idir, T. Moreno et al., SAMBA a new beamline for Xray absorption Spectroscopy in the 4-40 keV range, pp.980-983, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00125168

G. Brindley, Chemical Compositions of Berthierines???A Review, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.30, issue.2, pp.153-155, 1982.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300211

V. Briois, D. Vantelon, F. Villain, B. Couzinet, A. Flank et al., Combining two structural techniques on the micrometer scale: micro-XAS and micro-Raman spectroscopy, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.14, issue.5, pp.403-408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049507028683

C. Calvert, A. Brown, and R. Brydson, Determination of the local chemistry of iron in inorganic and organic materials, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol.143, issue.2-3, pp.173-187, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.03.012

G. De-combarieu, P. Barpoux, and Y. Minet, Iron corrosion in Callovo???Oxfordian argilite: From experiments to thermodynamic/kinetic modelling, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.32, issue.1-7, pp.346-358, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00114293

J. Crocombette, M. Pollak, F. Jollet, N. Thromat, and M. Gautier-soyer, threshold in iron oxides, Physical Review B, vol.36, issue.5, pp.3143-3150, 1995.
DOI : 10.1070/PU1993v036n05ABEH002160

T. Devaraju, K. Laajoki, and G. Subbarao, Retrograde chlorine-bearing greenalite from the ironformation of Kudremukh, pp.207-216, 2000.

F. Farges, Y. Lefrère, S. Rossano, A. Berthereau, G. Calas et al., The effect of redox state on the local structural environment of iron in silicate glasses: a combined XAFS spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, and bond valence study, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.344, issue.3, pp.176-188, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.050

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00085025

A. Flank, G. Cauchon, P. Lagard, S. Bac, M. Janousch et al., LUCIA, a microfocus soft XAS beamline, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.246, issue.1, pp.269-274, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.007

C. Geiger, D. Henry, S. Bailey, and J. Maj, Crystal Structure of Cronstedtite-2H2, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.31, issue.2, pp.97-108, 1983.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310203

S. Guggenheim and S. Bailey, An occurence of a modulated serpentine related to the greenalitecaryopilite series, Am Mineral, vol.74, pp.637-641, 1989.

A. P. Hitchcock, Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of polymers and biopolymer interfaces, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.66-71, 2001.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049500016447/hi5003sup2.mpg

I. Ph, D. Cabaret, S. Ph, G. Calas, A. Flank et al., Aluminium X_ray absorption near edge structure in model compounds and Earth's surface minerals, Phys Chem Miner, vol.25, pp.112-121, 1998.

C. Jacobsen, S. Wirick, G. Flynn, and C. Zimba, Soft X-ray spectroscopy from image sequences with sub-100 nm spatial resolution, Journal of Microscopy, vol.197, issue.2, pp.173-184
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00640.x

K. Kaznatcheev, K. Ch, U. Lanke, S. Urquhart, M. Obst et al., Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy beamline at the CLS: Commissioning results, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.582, issue.1, pp.96-99, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.083

T. Kogure, Identification of polytypic groups in hydrous phyllosilicates using electron backscattering patterns, American Mineralogist, vol.87, issue.11-12, pp.1678-1685, 2002.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2002-11-1217

E. Kohler, C. Jacobsen, J. Gillow, A. Francis, S. Wirick et al., Réactivité des mélanges synthétiques smectite/kaolinite et smectite/aluminium gel en présence d'un excès de fer métal Dissertation (DRRT) Evry Val d'Essonne Cluster analysis in soft X-ray spectromicroscopy: Finding the patterns in complex specimens, J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom, vol.144147, pp.1137-1143, 2001.

M. Lerotic, C. Jacobsen, T. Schäfer, and S. Vogt, Cluster analysis of soft X-ray spectromicroscopy data, Ultramicroscopy, vol.100, issue.1-2, pp.35-57, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.01.008

D. Li, G. Bancroft, M. Fleet, and X. Feng, Silicon K-edge XANES spectra of silicate minerals, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.22, issue.2, pp.115-122, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00202471

D. Li, G. Bancroft, M. Fleet, X. Feng, and Y. Pan, Al K-edge XANES spectra of aluminosilicate minerals, American Mineralogist, vol.80, issue.5-6, pp.432-440, 1995.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1995-5-602

A. Mermut and A. Cano, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Chemical Analyses of Major Elements, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.381-386, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490504

J. Miot, K. Benzerara, G. Morin, A. Kappler, S. Bernard et al., Iron biomineralization by anaerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.73, issue.3, pp.696-711, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.033

M. Newville, P. Livin, Y. Yacoby, J. Rehr, and E. Stern, Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure of Pb: A comparison of theory and experiment, Physical Review B, vol.126, issue.21, pp.14126-14131, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.126.1453

M. Perronnet, M. Nancy-plaschke, J. Rothe, M. Armbruster, M. Denecke et al., Réactivité des matériaux argileux dans un contexte de corrosion métal Application au stockage des déchets radioactifs en site argileux Humic acid metal cation interaction studied by spectromicroscopy techniques in combination with quantum chemical calculations, J Synchrotron Radiat, vol.17, pp.158-165, 2004.

C. Rivard, M. Pelletier, N. Michau, A. Razafitianamaharavo, I. Bihannic et al., Berthierine-like mineral formation and stability from Fe 0 -kaolinite interaction at 90°C and under anoxic and oxidant conditions, 2012.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2013.4073

M. Schlegel, C. Bataillon, K. Benhamida, C. Blanc, D. Menut et al., Metal corrosion and argillite transformation at the water-saturated, high-temperature iron???clay interface: A microscopic-scale study, Applied Geochemistry, vol.23, issue.9, pp.2619-2633, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.019

P. Van-aken and B. Liebscher, Quantification of ferrous/ferric ratios in minerals: new evaluation schemes of Fe L 23 electron energy-loss near-edge spectra, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.29, issue.3, pp.188-200, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00269-001-0222-6

G. Van-der-laan and I. Kirkman, The 2p absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds in tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol.4, issue.16, pp.4189-4204, 1992.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-8984/4/16/019

D. Vantelon, E. Montarges-pelletier, L. Michot, V. Briois, M. Pelletier et al., Iron distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral smectites. An Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.30, issue.1, pp.44-53, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00269-002-0286-y

E. Wasinger, F. De-groot, B. Hedman, K. Hodgson, and E. Solomon, L-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Non-Heme Iron Sites:?? Experimental Determination of Differential Orbital Covalency, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.125, issue.42, pp.12894-12906, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ja034634s

M. Wilke, F. Farges, P. Petit, B. Jr, G. Martin et al., XANES spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, vol.86, issue.5-6, pp.714-730, 2001.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2001-5-612

P. Aagard, J. S. Jahren, A. O. Harstad, O. Nilsen, and M. Ramm, Formation of grain-coating chlorite in sandstones. Laboratory synthesized vs. Natural occurrences. Clay Miner, pp.261-269, 2000.

S. U. Aja, D. Dyar, and M. , The stability of Fe???Mg chlorites in hydrothermal solutions???I. Results of experimental investigations, Applied Geochemistry, vol.17, issue.9, pp.1219-1239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00131-7

S. W. Bailey, Odinite, A New Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Fe3+-Rich 1:1 Clay Mineral, Clay Minerals, vol.23, issue.3, pp.237-247, 1988.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1988.023.3.01

F. Bardot, F. Villiéras, L. J. Michot, M. François, and G. Gérard, HIGH RESOLUTION GAS ADSORPTION STUDY ON ILLITES PERMUTED WITH VARIOUS CATIONS ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE ENERGETIC PROPERTIES, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol.19, issue.6-7, pp.739-759, 1998.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450102

E. P. Barrett, L. G. Joyner, and P. H. Halenda, The Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Isotherms, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.73, issue.1, pp.373-380, 1951.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01145a126

A. Bauer, T. Schäfer, R. Dohrmann, H. Hoffmann, and J. L. Kim, Smectite stability in acid salt solutions and the fate of Eu, Th and U in solution, Clay Minerals, vol.36, issue.1, pp.93-103, 2001.
DOI : 10.1180/000985501547376

. Belcourt, La perturbation chimico-minéralogique (hydratation, états d'oxydation et eau interstitielle) de la zone perturbée excavée et ses relations avec la perturbation texturale et mécanique ; application aux argilites des galeries de Bure, Thèse de l'Université Henri Poincaré, 2009.

S. Belin, V. Briois, A. Traverse, M. Idir, T. Moreno et al., SAMBA a new beamline for X-ray absorption Spectroscopy in the 4-40 keV range, Physica Scripta, vol.115, pp.980-983, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00125168

O. Bildstein, L. Trotignon, M. Perronnet, and M. Jullien, Modelling iron???clay interactions in deep geological disposal conditions, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.31, issue.10-14, pp.618-625, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.014

J. H. De-boer, B. C. Lippens, B. G. Linsen, J. C. Brokhoff, A. Van-der-heuvel et al., Thet-curve of multimolecular N2-adsorption, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.21, issue.4, pp.405-414, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/0095-8522(66)90006-7

J. H. De-boer, . De, B. G. Linsen, and O. J. Th, Studies on pore systems in catalysts VI. The universal t curve, Journal of Catalysis, vol.4, issue.6, pp.643-648, 1965.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9517(65)90263-0

S. Bonneville, P. Van-cappellen, and T. Behrends, Microbial reduction of iron(III) oxyhydroxides: effects of mineral solubility and availability, Chemical Geology, vol.212, issue.3-4, pp.255-268, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.015

D. Borden and R. F. Giese, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Cation Exchange Capacity Measurements by the Ammonia-Electrode Method, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.444-445, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490510

J. Y. Bottero, M. Arnaud, F. Villiéras, L. J. Michot, P. De-donato et al., Surface and Textural Heterogeneity of Fresh Hydrous Ferric Oxides in Water and in the Dry State, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.159, issue.1, pp.45-52, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.1993.1295

S. Brégoin, Variabilité spatiale et temporelle des caractéristiques du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse, 2004.

G. W. Brindley, Chemical Compositions of Berthierines???A Review, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.30, issue.2, pp.153-155, 1982.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300211

G. W. Brindley and G. Brown, Crystal structures of clays minerals and their X-ray identification, 1980.
DOI : 10.1180/mono-5

G. W. Brindley, The Crystal Structure of Some Chamosite Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, vol.29, issue.212, pp.502-525, 1951.
DOI : 10.1180/minmag.1951.029.212.04

G. W. Brindley and J. Goodyear, X-ray studies of halloysite and meta-halloysite-II. The transition of halloysite to meta-halloysite in relation to relative humidity: Mineral. Mag, pp.407-422, 1948.

V. Briois, D. Vantelon, F. Villain, B. Couzinet, A. Flank et al., Combining two structural techniques on the micrometer scale: micro-XAS and micro-Raman spectroscopy, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.14, issue.5, pp.403-408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049507028683

L. B. Browning, H. Y. Mcsween-jr, and M. E. Zolensky, Correlated alteration effects in CM carbonaceous chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.14, pp.2621-2633, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00121-4

S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and E. Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.60, issue.2, pp.309-319, 1938.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01269a023

S. Caillère and S. Hénin, ??tude chimique des phyllites des minerais de fer s??dimentaires, Bulletin du Groupe fran??ais des argiles, vol.6, issue.1, pp.23-29, 1954.
DOI : 10.3406/argil.1955.1258

C. C. Calvert, A. Brown, and R. Brydson, Determination of the local chemistry of iron in inorganic and organic materials, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol.143, issue.2-3, pp.173-187, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.03.012

W. M. Calvin and T. V. King, Spectral characteristics of iron-bearing phyllosilicates: Comparison to Orgueil (CI1), Murchison and Murray (CM2), Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol.43, issue.5, pp.693-701, 1997.
DOI : 10.1180/mono-4.12

L. Carlson, O. Karnland, V. M. Oversby, A. Rance, N. Smart et al., Experimental studies of the interactions between anaerobically corroding iron and bentonite, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.32, issue.1-7, pp.334-345, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2005.12.009

S. A. Carroll and J. V. Walther, Kaolinite dissolution at 25 degrees , 60 degrees , and 80 degrees C, American Journal of Science, vol.290, issue.7, pp.797-810, 1990.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.290.7.797

S. A. Carroll-webb and J. V. Walther, A surface complex reaction model for the pH-dependence of corundum and kaolinite dissolution rates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.52, issue.11, pp.2609-2623, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90030-0

S. Chang and T. E. Bunch, Clays and organic matter in meteorites, Clay Minerals and the Origin of Life, pp.116-129, 1986.

D. Charpentier, K. Devineau, R. Mösser-ruck, M. Cathelineau, and F. Villiéras, Bentonite???iron interactions under alkaline condition: An experimental approach, Applied Clay Science, vol.32, issue.1-2, pp.1-13, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2006.01.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00359881

S. J. Chipera and D. L. Bish, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Powder X-ray Diffraction Analyses, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.398-409, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490507

F. Claret, Caractérisation structurale des transitions minéralogiques dans les formations argileuses. Contrôles et implications géochimiques des processus d'illitisation, Thèse de l, 2001.

F. Claret, B. A. Sakharov, B. Drits, A. Meunier, L. Griffault et al., Clay minerals in the Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France): Possible influence of organic matter on clay mineral evolution, clays and clay minerals, vol.52, issue.5, pp.515-532, 2004.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520501

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00105751

J. M. Coey, Clay minerals and their transformations studied with nuclear techniques: The contribution of Mössbauer spectroscopy, Atom Energy Rev, vol.18, pp.73-123, 1980.

G. De-combarieu, P. Barboux, and Y. Minet, Iron corrosion in Callovo???Oxfordian argilite: From experiments to thermodynamic/kinetic modelling, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.32, issue.1-7, pp.346-358, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00114293

G. De-combarieu, M. L. Schlegel, D. Neff, E. Foy, D. Vantelon et al., Glass???iron???clay interactions in a radioactive waste geological disposal: An integrated laboratory-scale experiment, Applied Geochemistry, vol.26, issue.1, pp.65-79, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.11.004

J. P. Crocombette, M. Pollak, F. Jollet, N. Thromat, and M. Gautier-soyer, threshold in iron oxides, Physical Review B, vol.36, issue.5, pp.3143-3150, 1995.
DOI : 10.1070/PU1993v036n05ABEH002160

A. H. Cuttler, The Behaviour of a Synthetic 57Fe-Doped Kaolin: M??ssbauer and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies, Clay Minerals, vol.15, issue.4, pp.429-444, 1980.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1980.015.4.10

T. Delineau, Les argiles kaoliniques du Bassin des Charentes (France) : Analyses typologique, cristallochimique, spéciation du fer et applications, 1994.

T. C. Devaraju, K. Laajoki, and G. Subbarao, Retrograde chlorine-bearing greenalite from the iron-formation of Kudremukh, pp.207-216

K. Devineau, I. Bihannic, F. Villiéras, E. Montargès-pelletier, S. Maddi et al., Compréhension du comportement à long terme d'une barrière ouvragée en argile pour le stockage de déchets radioactifs en formation géologique profonde, 2005.

A. U. Dogan, M. Dogan, M. Onal, Y. Sarikaya, A. Aburub et al., Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: specific surface area by the Bruneauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. Clays Clay Miner, pp.62-66, 2006.

V. A. Drits and C. Tchoubar, Determination of the Structural Characteristics of Mixed-Layer Minerals. In X-Ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures, pp.305-360, 1990.

F. Farges, Y. Lefrère, S. Rossano, A. Berthereau, G. Calas et al., The effect of redox state on the local structural environment of iron in silicate glasses: a combined XAFS spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, and bond valence study, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.344, issue.3, pp.176-188, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.050

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00085025

V. C. Farmer, The Layer Silicates, pp.331-363, 1974.
DOI : 10.1180/mono-4.15

A. Flank, G. Cauchon, P. Lagard, S. Bac, M. Janousch et al., LUCIA, a microfocus soft XAS beamline, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.246, issue.1, pp.269-274, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.007

S. Fritz and T. Toths, An Fe-Berthierine from a Cretaceous Laterite: Part II. Estimation Of Eh, pH and pCO2 Conditions of Formation, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.580-586, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450409

S. A. Fysh, J. D. Cashion, and P. E. Clark, M??ssbauer Effect Studies of Iron in Kaolin. I. Structural Iron, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.31, issue.4, pp.285-292, 1983.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310406

V. Gabis, Etude préliminaire des argiles oligocènes du Puy en Velay (Haute-Loire), Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr. LXXXVI, pp.315-354, 1958.
DOI : 10.3406/argil.1959.962

V. Gabis, Etude minéralogique et géochimique de la série sédimentaire oligocène du Velay, Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr. LXXXI, pp.183-185, 1963.

E. Gaucher, C. Robelin, J. M. Matray, G. Négrel, Y. Gros et al., ANDRA underground research laboratory: interpretation of the mineralogical and geochemical data acquired in the Callovian???Oxfordian formation by investigative drilling, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol.29, issue.1, pp.55-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2003.11.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00664755

C. A. Geiger, D. L. Henry, S. W. Bailey, and J. J. Maj, Crystal Structure of Cronstedtite-2H2, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.31, issue.2, pp.97-108, 1983.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310203

E. Gloaguen, E. Branquet, P. Boulvais, Y. Moëlo, J. Chauvel et al., Palaeozoic oolitic ironstone of the French Armorican Massif: a chemical and structural trap for orogenic base metal???As???Sb???Au mineralisation during Hercynian strike-slip deformation, Mineralium Deposita, vol.30, issue.3, pp.399-422
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.3.357

S. J. Gregg and K. S. Sing, Adsorption Surface Area and Porosity, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.114, issue.11, 1982.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2426447

S. Guggenheim and S. W. Bailey, An occurence of a modulated serpentine related to the greenalitecaryopilite series, Am. Mineral, vol.74, pp.637-641, 1989.

D. Guillaume, Etude expérimentale du système fer ? smectite en présence de solution à 80 et 300°C, Thèse de l'Université Henri Poincaré, 2002.

D. Guillaume, A. Neaman, M. Cathelineau, R. Mösser-ruck, C. Peiffert et al., Experimental study of the transformation of smectite at 80 and 300??C in the presence of Fe oxides, Clay Minerals, vol.39, issue.1, pp.17-34, 2004.
DOI : 10.1180/0009855043910117

D. Guillaume, A. Neaman, M. Cathelineau, R. Mösser-ruck, C. Peiffert et al., Experimental synthesis of chlorite from smectite at 300??C in the presence of metallic Fe, Clay Minerals, vol.38, issue.3, pp.281-302, 2003.
DOI : 10.1180/0009855033830096

B. Habert, Réactivité du fer dans les gels et les smectites, Thèse de l, 2000.

M. S. Hassan, F. Villieras, A. Razafitianamaharavo, and L. J. Michot, Role of Exchangeable Cations on Geometrical and Energetic Surface Heterogeneity of Kaolinites, Langmuir, vol.21, issue.26, pp.12283-12289, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/la051993n

S. Hiller and B. Velde, Chlorite Interstratified with a 7 ?? Mineral: An Example from Offshore Norway and Possible Implications for the Interpretation of the Composition of Diagenetic Chlorites, Clay Minerals, vol.27, issue.4, pp.475-486, 1992.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1992.027.4.07

A. P. Hitchcock, Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of polymers and biopolymer interfaces, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.66-71, 2001.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049500016447/hi5003sup2.mpg

E. R. Hornibrook and F. J. Longstaffe, Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.44, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1996.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440101

A. Iijima and R. Matsumato, Berthierine and chamosite in coal measures of Japan. Clay Clay Miner, pp.264-274, 1982.

I. Ph, D. Cabaret, S. Ph, G. Calas, A. Flank et al., Aluminium X_ray absorption near edge structure in model compounds and Earth's surface minerals, Phys. Chem. Miner, vol.25, pp.112-121, 1998.

C. Jacobsen, S. Wirick, G. Flynn, and C. Zimba, Soft X-ray spectroscopy from image sequences with sub-100 nm spatial resolution, Journal of Microscopy, vol.197, issue.2, pp.173-184, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00640.x

C. Janot, H. Gilbert, and C. Tobias, Caractérisation de kaolinites ferrifères par spectrométrie Mössbauer, Bulletin B. Soc. Fr. Mineral Cr, vol.96, pp.281-291, 1973.

M. Jarlbring, L. Gunneriusson, B. Hussmann, and W. Forsling, Surface complex characteristics of synthetic maghemite and hematite in aqueous suspensions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.285, issue.1, pp.212-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.005

G. Kaméi, C. Oda, S. Mitsui, M. Shibata, and T. Shinosaki, Fe(II)???Na ion exchange at interlayers of smectite: adsorption???desorption experiments and a natural analogue, Engineering Geology, vol.54, issue.1-2, pp.15-20, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00057-5

D. R. Katti and V. Shanmugasundaram, Influence of swelling on the microstructure of expensive clays, Can. Geotech. J, vol.38, pp.175-182, 2001.

K. V. Kaznatcheev, Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy beamline at the CLS: Commissioning results, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.582, issue.1, pp.96-99, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.083

H. Kodama, G. Longworth, and M. G. Townsend, A Mossbauer investigation of some chlorites and their oxidation products, Can. Mineral, vol.20, pp.585-592, 1982.

T. Kogure, Identification of polytypic groups in hydrous phyllosilicates using electron backscattering patterns, American Mineralogist, vol.87, issue.11-12, pp.1678-1685, 2002.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2002-11-1217

E. Kohler, Réactivité des mélanges synthétiques smectite/kaolinite et smectite/aluminium gel en présence d'un excès de fer métal. DRRT génie des matériaux, 2001.

P. Landais, Advances in geochemical research for the underground disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in a clay formation, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol.88, issue.1-3, pp.32-36, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.011

S. Lantenois, Réactivité fer métal/smectites en milieu hydraté à 80°C, Thèse de l'Université d, 2003.

S. Lantenois, B. Lanson, F. Muller, A. Bauer, M. Jullien et al., Experimental study of smectite interaction with metal Fe at low temperature: 1. Smectite destabilization, clays and clay minerals, vol.53, issue.6, pp.597-612, 2005.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530606

O. Larsen and D. Postma, Kinetics of reductive bulk dissolution of lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, and goethite, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.9, pp.1379-2001, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00623-2

P. R. Lear and J. W. Stucki, Effects of Iron Oxidation State on the Specific Surface Area of Nontronite, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.37, issue.6, pp.547-552, 1989.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370607

M. Lerotic, C. Jacobsen, J. B. Gillow, A. J. Francis, S. Wirick et al., Cluster analysis in soft X-ray spectromicroscopy: Finding the patterns in complex specimens, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol.144, issue.147, pp.144-147, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.158

M. Lerotic, C. Jacobsen, T. Schäfer, and S. Vogt, Cluster analysis of soft X-ray spectromicroscopy data, Ultramicroscopy, vol.100, issue.1-2, pp.35-57, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.01.008

D. Li, G. M. Bancroft, M. E. Fleet, and X. H. Feng, Silicon K-edge XANES spectra of silicate minerals, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.22, issue.2, pp.115-122, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00202471

D. Li, G. M. Bancroft, M. E. Fleet, X. H. Feng, and Y. Pan, Al K-edge XANES spectra of aluminosilicate minerals, American Mineralogist, vol.80, issue.5-6, pp.5-6, 1995.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1995-5-602

K. J. Mackenzie and R. M. Berezowski, Thermal and M??ssbauer studies of iron-containing hydrous silicates. V. Berthierine, Thermochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.1-3, pp.291-312, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6031(84)80030-1

K. J. Mackenzie and R. M. Berezowski, Thermal and Mossbauer studies of iron-containing hydrous silicates. III. Cronstedtite, Thermochimica Acta, vol.44, issue.2, pp.171-187, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6031(81)80039-1

F. T. Madsen, Clay mineralogical investigations related to nuclear waste disposal, Clay Minerals, vol.33, issue.1, pp.109-129, 1998.
DOI : 10.1180/000985598545318

J. Manjanna, T. Kozaki, and S. Sato, Fe(III)-montmorillonite: Basic properties and diffusion of tracers relevant to alteration of bentonite in deep geological disposal, Applied Clay Science, vol.43, issue.2, pp.208-217, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2008.09.007

I. Mantin and R. Glaeser, Fixation des ions cobaltihexamines par les montmorillonites acides. Bull. Groupe Fr. argiles 12, 1960.
DOI : 10.3406/argil.1960.974

H. W. Marel and H. Beutelspacher, Atlas of infrared spectroscopy of clay minerals and their admixtures, 1976.

F. A. Martin, C. Bataillon, and M. L. Schlegel, Corrosion of iron and low alloyed steel within a water saturated brick of clay under anaerobic deep geological disposal conditions: An integrated experiment, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol.379, issue.1-3, pp.80-90, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.06.021

A. R. Mermut and A. F. Cano, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Chemical Analyses of Major Elements, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.381-386, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490504

L. J. Michot, M. François, and J. M. Cases, Surface heterogeneity studied by a quasi-equilibrium gas adsorption procedure, Langmuir, vol.6, issue.3, pp.677-681, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/la00093a025

L. J. Michot, I. Bihannic, K. Porsch, S. Maddi, C. Baravian et al., Phase Diagrams of Wyoming Na-Montmorillonite Clay. Influence of Particle Anisotropy, Langmuir, vol.20, issue.25, pp.10829-10837, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/la0489108

J. Miot, K. Benzerara, G. Morin, A. Kappler, S. Bernard et al., Iron biomineralization by anaerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.73, issue.3, pp.696-711, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.033

Y. Moëlo, P. Léone, Y. Matsushita, M. Mancini-le-granvalet, and P. Deniard, Berthiérine hydrothermale de Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux, 2009.

W. F. Moll, Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Geological Origin, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.49, issue.5, pp.372-373, 2001.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490503

-. G. Montes, J. Duplay, L. Martinez, Y. Géraud, and B. Rousset-tournier, Influence of interlayer cations on the water sorption and swelling???shrinkage of MX80 bentonite, Applied Clay Science, vol.23, issue.5-6, pp.309-321, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-1317(03)00130-3

G. Montes-hernandez, P. Beeck, F. Renard, E. Quirico, B. Lanson et al., Fast Precipitation of Acicular Goethite from Ferric Hydroxide Gel under Moderate Temperature (30 and 70 ??C), Crystal Growth & Design, vol.11, issue.6, pp.2264-2272, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cg1016802

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00645437

H. G. Montes, B. Fritz, A. Clement, and N. Michau, Modeling of transport and reaction in an engineered barrier for radioactive waste confinement, Applied Clay Science, vol.29, issue.3-4, pp.155-171, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2005.01.004

-. G. Montes, J. Duplay, Y. Géraud, and L. Martinez, Several textural properties of compacted and cation-exchanged bentonite, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol.67, issue.8, pp.1769-1774, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.03.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00089198

L. R. Morel, Etude expérimentale des phénomènes d'échange sur différents minéraux argileux, Ann. Agr, vol.8, pp.5-90, 1957.

R. Mosser-ruck, M. Cathelineau, G. D. Charpentier, D. Rousset, D. Barres et al., Effects of Temperature, pH, and Iron/Clay and Liquid/Clay Ratios on Experimental Conversion of Dioctahedral Smectite to Berthierine, Chlorite, Vermiculite, or Saponite, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.58, issue.2, pp.280-291, 2010.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2010.0580212

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00566986

R. Mösser-ruck and M. Cathelineau, Experimental transformation of Na,Ca-smectite under basic conditions at 150°C, Appl. Clay Sc, pp.259-273, 2004.

M. Müller-vonmoos, G. Kahr, and F. T. Madsen, Investigation of Kinnekulle K-bentonite aimed at assessing the long-term stability of bentonites under repository conditions, Engineering Geology, vol.28, issue.3-4, pp.269-280, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7952(90)90012-P

K. Nakaoka, S. Yamamotoa, H. Hasegawaa, H. Kawamuraa, K. Kitayamab et al., Long-term consolidation mechanisms based on micro???macro behavior and in situ XRD measurement of basal spacing of clay minerals, Applied Clay Science, vol.26, issue.1-4, pp.521-533, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2003.12.022

A. Neaman, D. Guillaume, M. Pelletier, and F. Et-villiéras, The evolution of textural properties of Na/Ca-bentonite following hydrothermal treatment at 80 and 300??C in the presence of Fe and/or Fe oxides, Clay Minerals, vol.38, issue.2, pp.213-223, 2003.
DOI : 10.1180/0009855033820090

M. Newville, fitting, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.322-324, 2001.
DOI : 10.1107/S0909049500016964

M. Newville, P. Livin, Y. Yacoby, J. J. Rehr, and E. A. Stern, Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure of Pb: A comparison of theory and experiment, Physical Review B, vol.126, issue.21, pp.14126-14131, 1993.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.126.1453

G. S. Odin, Green Marine Clays. Developments in Sedimentology, 1988.

G. S. Odin, Clay Mineral Formation at the Continent-Ocean Boundary: The Verdine Facies, Clay Minerals, vol.25, issue.4, pp.477-483, 1990.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.4.06

L. Orsiny and J. Rémy, Utilisation du chlorure de cobaltihexamine pour la détermination simultanée de la capacité d'échange et des bases échangeables des sols, Bull. Ass. Fr. Science du sol, vol.4, pp.269-275, 1976.

M. Osacky, V. Sucha, A. Czimerova, and J. Madejova, Reaction of smectites with iron in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75°C. Appl. Clay Sc, pp.237-244, 2010.

M. Perronnet, Réactivité des matériaux argileux dans un contexte de corrosion métallique Application au stockage des déchets radioactifs en site argileux, Thèse de l, 2004.

M. Perronnet, F. Villieras, M. Jullien, A. Razafitianamaharavo, J. Raynal et al., Towards a link between the energetic heterogeneities of the edge faces of smectites and their stability in the context of metallic corrosion, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.6, pp.1463-1479, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00122775

M. Perronnet, M. Jullien, F. Villieras, J. Raynal, D. Bonnin et al., Evidence of a critical content in Fe(0) on FoCa7 bentonite reactivity at 80°C. Appl. Clay Sc, pp.187-202, 2008.

S. Petit and A. Decarreau, Hydrothermal (200??C) Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of Iron-Rich Kaolinites, Clay Minerals, vol.25, issue.2, pp.181-196, 1990.
DOI : 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.2.04

S. Petit, J. Madelova, A. Decarreau, and F. Martin, Characterization of Octahedral Substitutions in Kaolinites Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.47, issue.1, pp.130-108, 1999.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470111

O. Pierron, Interactions eau-fer-argilite : Rôle des paramètres Liquide/Roche, Fer/Argilite, Température sur la nature des phases minérales, Thèse de l, 2011.

O. Pierron, R. Mösser-ruck, and M. Cathelineau, Evolution de l'argilite en présence de fer metal et d'une solution saline, 2009.

B. Prélot, F. Villiéras, M. Pelletier, G. Gérard, F. Gaboriaud et al., Morphology and surface heterogeneities in synthetic goethites, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.261, issue.2, pp.244-254, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00058-4

R. Pusch, J. Kasbohm, and H. T. Thao, Chemical stability of montmorillonite buffer clay under repository-like conditions???A synthesis of relevant experimental data, Applied Clay Science, vol.47, issue.1-2, pp.113-119, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2009.01.002

C. Rivard, M. Pelletier, and F. Villiéras, Mécanismes d'interaction Fe 0 -argiles, 2010.

C. Rivard, M. Pelletier, N. Michau, A. Razafitianamaharavo, M. Abdelmoula et al., Berthierine-like mineral formation and stability from Fe 0 -kaolinite interaction at 90°C and under anoxic and oxidant conditions, 2012.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2013.4073

A. S. Rivkin, E. L. Volquardsen, and B. E. Clark, The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays, Icarus, vol.185, issue.2, pp.563-567, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022

D. Rousset, Etude de la fraction argileuse de séquences sédimentaires de la Meuse et du Gard, 2002.

I. Rozenson and L. Heller-kallai, Order-Disorder Phenomena Accompanying the Dehydroxylation of Dioctahedral Phyllosilicates, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.28, issue.5, pp.391-392, 1978.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280510

J. D. Russell and A. R. Fraser, Infrared methods, Clay Mineralogy: Spectroscopic and Chemical Determinative Methods (EDX. M.J. Wilson, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-0727-3_2

P. C. Ryan and S. Hillier, Berthierine/chamosite, corrensite, and discrete chlorite from evolved verdine and evaporite-associated facies in the Jurassic Sundance Formation, Wyoming, American Mineralogist, vol.87, issue.11-12, pp.1607-1615, 2002.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2002-11-1210

S. Sammartino, Construction d'un modèle conceptuel de la porosité et de la minéralogie dans les argilites du site de Bure, 2001.

D. Savage, C. Watson, S. Benbow, and J. Wilson, Modelling iron-bentonite interactions, Applied Clay Science, vol.47, issue.1-2, pp.91-98, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.011

S. Hassan and M. , Etude des hétérogénéités morphologiques et énergétiques superficielles des kaolinites par AFM et adsorption d'azote, Thèse de l, 2005.

M. Sayed-hassan, F. Villieras, F. Gaboriaud, and A. Razafitianamaharavo, AFM and low-pressure argon adsorption analysis of geometrical properties of phyllosilicates, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.296, issue.2, pp.614-623, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.028

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00086907

M. L. Schlegel, C. Bataillon, K. Benhamida, C. Blanc, D. Menut et al., Metal corrosion and argillite transformation at the water-saturated, high-temperature iron???clay interface: A microscopic-scale study, Applied Geochemistry, vol.23, issue.9, pp.2619-2633, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.019

M. L. Schlegel, C. Bataillon, C. Blanc, D. Prêt, and E. Foy, Anodic Activation of Iron Corrosion in Clay Media under Water-Saturated Conditions at 90 ??C: Characterization of the Corrosion Interface, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.44, issue.4, pp.1503-1508, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/es9021987

J. R. Smyth, M. D. Dyar, H. M. May, O. P. Bricker, and J. G. Acker, Crystal Structure Refinement and M??ssbauer Spectroscopy of an Ordered, Triclinic Clinochlore, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.544-550, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450406

R. Steadman and R. F. Youell, Crystallography and Thermal Transformations of Cronstedtite, Nature, vol.25, issue.4594, pp.1066-1067, 1957.
DOI : 10.1038/1801066a0

R. Steadman and R. F. Youell, Mineralogy and Crystal Structure of Greenalite, Nature, vol.176, issue.4601, p.45, 1958.
DOI : 10.1038/181045a0

J. W. Stucki, J. Wu, H. Gan, P. Komadel, and A. Banin, Effects of Iron Oxidation State and Organic Cations on Dioctahedral Smectite Hydration, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.48, issue.2, pp.290-298, 2000.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480216

J. W. Stucki, P. F. Low, C. B. Roth, and D. C. Golden, Effects of Oxidation State of Octahedral Iron on Clay Swelling, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.32, issue.5, pp.357-362, 1984.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320503

J. W. Stucki, A review of the effects of iron redox cycles on smectite properties, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.343, issue.2-3, pp.199-209, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2010.10.008

E. C. Todd, D. M. Sherman, and J. A. Purton, Surface oxidation of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) under ambient atmospheric and aqueous (pH 2-10) conditions: Cu, Fe L- and O K-edge X-ray spectroscopy, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.67, issue.12, pp.2137-2146, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01371-6

T. Toths and S. Fritz, An Fe-Berthierine from a Cretaceous Laterite: Part I. Characterization, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol.45, issue.4, pp.564-579, 1997.
DOI : 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450408

P. A. Van-aken and B. Liebscher, Quantification of ferrous/ferric ratios in minerals: new evaluation schemes of Fe L 23 electron energy-loss near-edge spectra, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.29, issue.3, pp.188-200, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00269-001-0222-6

G. Van-der-laan and I. W. Kirkman, The 2p absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds in tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol.4, issue.16, pp.4189-4204, 1992.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-8984/4/16/019

D. Vantelon, E. Montarges-pelletier, L. J. Michot, V. Briois, M. Pelletier et al., Iron distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral smectites. An Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol.30, issue.1, pp.44-53, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00269-002-0286-y

F. Villiéras, J. M. Cases, M. François, L. J. Michot, and F. Thomas, Texture and surface energetic heterogeneity of solids from modeling of low pressure gas adsorption isotherms, Langmuir, vol.8, issue.7, p.1789, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/la00043a018

F. Villiéras, L. J. Michot, C. J. Bérend, I. Bardot, F. François et al., Chapter 11. Static and dynamic studies of the energetic surface heterogeneity of clay minerals, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal, vol.104, pp.573-623, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-2991(97)80074-2

F. Villiéras, V. S. Mamleev, D. Nicholson, and J. Cases, Adsorption of Spherical Molecules in Probing the Surface Topography:?? 2. Model of Conditional Probabilities, Langmuir, vol.18, issue.10, pp.3963-3979, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/la0116387

E. Wasinger, F. M. De-groot, B. Hedman, K. O. Hodgson, and E. I. Solomon, L-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Non-Heme Iron Sites:?? Experimental Determination of Differential Orbital Covalency, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.125, issue.42, pp.12894-12906, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ja034634s

M. Wilke, F. Farges, P. E. Petit, G. E. Brown, . Jr et al., XANES spectroscopic study, American Mineralogist, vol.86, issue.5-6, pp.714-730, 2001.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2001-5-612

J. Wilson, G. Cressey, B. Cressey, J. Cuadros, K. V. Ragnarsdottir et al., The effect of iron on montmorillonite stability. (II) Experimental investigation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.70, issue.2, pp.323-336, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.023

B. Yven, S. Sammartino, Y. Géraud, H. Homand, and F. Villiéras, Mineralogy, texture and porosity of Callovo-Oxfordian argillites of the Meuse/Haute-Marne Region (Eastern Paris Basin), Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr, vol.178, pp.73-90, 2007.

A. Zegeye, M. Abdelmoula, M. Usman, K. Hanna, and C. Ruby, In situ monitoring of lepidocrocite bioreduction and magnetite formation by reflection Mossbauer spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, vol.96, issue.8-9, pp.1410-1413, 2011.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2011.3794

M. Zolensky and H. Y. Mcsween-jr, Aqueous alteration, Meteorites and the early solar system, pp.114-143, 1988.

D. Aran, A. Maul, and J. Masfaraud, A spectrophotometric measurement of soil cation exchange capacity based on cobaltihexamine chloride absorbance, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.340, issue.12, pp.865-871, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2008.07.015

F. Bergaya, G. Lagaly, and G. Vayer, Cation and Anion Exchange, Handbook of Clay Science, pp.979-1001, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-08-098259-5.00013-5

S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and E. Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.60, issue.2, pp.309-319, 1938.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01269a023

H. Ciesielski and T. Sterckeman, Determination of cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations in soils by means of cobalt hexamine trichloride. Effects of experimental conditions, Agronomie, vol.17, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1997.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19970101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885820

P. Lefèvre, Capacité d'échange. Discussion et choix des méthodes, pp.169-206, 1961.

I. Mantin and R. Glaeser, Fixation des ions cobaltihexamines par les montmorillonites acides. Bull. Groupe Fr. argiles 12, 1960.
DOI : 10.3406/argil.1960.974

L. R. Morel, Etude expérimentale des phénomènes d'échange sur différents minéraux argileux, Ann. Agr, vol.8, pp.5-90, 1957.

J. P. Nguetnkam, R. Kamga, F. Villiéras, G. E. Ekodeck, A. Razafitianamaharavo et al., Alteration of cameroonian clays under acid treatment. Comparison with industrial adsorbents Appl, Clay Sc, vol.52, pp.1-2, 2011.

L. Orsiny and J. Rémy, Utilisation du chlorure de cobaltihexamine pour la détermination simultanée de la capacité d'échange et des bases échangeables des sols, Bull. Ass. Fr. Science du sol, vol.4, pp.269-275, 1976.

M. Perronnet, F. Villiéras, M. Jullien, A. Razafitianamaharavo, J. Raynal et al., Towards a link between the energetic heterogeneities of the edge faces of smectites and their stability in the context of metallic corrosion, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.6, pp.1463-1479, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00122775

C. Rivard, Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité des minéraux constitutifs de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien en présence de fer à 90°C, Thèse de l, 2011.

C. Rivard, M. Pelletier, N. Michau, A. Razafitianamaharavo, M. Abdelmoula et al., Berthierine-like mineral formation and stability from Fe 0 -kaolinite interaction at 90°C and under anoxic and oxidant conditions, 2012.

A. 2. Protocoles, . Purification, and . Argiles, Purification et séparation en taille de la bentonite de Géorgie Purification Disperser 50 g d'argile dans 1,5 L d'eau ultra pure pendant 4 h. Passer la solution 10 min aux ultrasons. Laisser décanter la solution en cônes d'Imoff pendant 2 h et récupérer le surnageant à l'aide d'une seringue munie d

. Récupérer-le-culot-et-le-lyophiliser, il s'agit de l'argile de taille 3. Purification et séparation en taille de la smectite SWy2