T. Miki, T. Lehmann, H. Cai, D. Stolz, and S. Strom, Stem Cell Characteristics of Amniotic Epithelial Cells, Stem Cells, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1549-1559, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0387-7604(12)80272-5

M. Witkowska-zimny and E. Wrobel, Abstract, Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, vol.43, issue.3, pp.493-514, 2011.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0357

A. Erices, P. Conget, and J. Minguell, Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood, British Journal of Haematology, vol.87, issue.1, pp.235-242, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-472X(99)00059-4

T. Matikainen and J. Laine, Placenta???an alternative source of stem cells, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.207, issue.2, pp.544-549, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.039

S. Karahuseyinoglu, O. Cinar, E. Kilic, F. Kara, and G. Akay, Biology of Stem Cells in Human Umbilical Cord Stroma: In Situ and In Vitro Surveys, Stem Cells, vol.164, issue.2, pp.319-331, 2007.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.4.5.445

D. Troyer and M. Weiss, Concise Review: Wharton's Jelly-Derived Cells Are a Primitive Stromal Cell Population, Stem Cells, vol.42, issue.3, pp.591-599, 2008.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.21-1-50

J. Spurway, P. Logan, and S. Pak, The development, structure and blood flow within the umbilical cord with particular reference to the venous system, Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, vol.4, issue.10, pp.97-102, 2012.
DOI : 10.1080/14722240410001667292

S. Roura, J. Pujal, and A. Bayes-genis, Umbilical cord blood for cardiovascular cell therapy: from promise to fact, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.3, issue.1, pp.66-70, 2012.
DOI : 10.4161/chim.19439

P. Georgiades, A. Ferguson-smith, and G. Burton, Comparative Developmental Anatomy of the Murine and Human Definitive Placentae, Placenta, vol.23, issue.1, pp.3-19, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/plac.2001.0738

S. Zhu, Z. Zhong, X. Fu, D. Peng, and G. Lu, Comparison of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cellular morphology and ultrastructure between human umbilical cord and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Neuroscience Letters, vol.541, pp.77-82, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.018

L. Gucciardo, R. Lories, N. Ochsenbein-kölble, . Done-'e, and A. Zwijsen, Fetal mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, properties and potential use in perinatology and regenerative medicine, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.13, issue.2, pp.166-172, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02005.x

M. Dominici, L. Blanc, K. Mueller, I. Slaper-cortenbach, I. Marini et al., Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement, Cytotherapy, vol.8, issue.4, pp.315-317, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/14653240600855905

S. Kern, H. Eichler, J. Stoeve, H. Klüter, and K. Bieback, Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cord Blood, or Adipose Tissue, Stem Cells, vol.117, issue.5, pp.1294-1301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0342

D. Yoon, Y. Kim, H. Jung, S. Paik, and J. Lee, Importance of Sox2 in maintenance of cell proliferation and multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells in low-density culture, Cell Proliferation, vol.35, issue.5, pp.428-440, 2011.
DOI : 10.3109/03008209609029177

P. Bossolasco, T. Montemurro, L. Cova, S. Zangrossi, and C. Calzarossa, Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential Influence of culture medium on smooth muscle cell differentiation from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Cell Res Tissue Eng. Part A, vol.16, issue.152, pp.319-330, 2006.

V. K. Bajpai and S. T. Andreadis, Stem Cell Sources for Vascular Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, vol.18, issue.5, pp.405-425, 2012.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0264

J. L. Santos, D. Pandita, J. Rodrigues, A. P. Pego, P. L. Granja et al., Non-Viral Gene Delivery to Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Methods, Strategies and Application in Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Current Gene Therapy, vol.11, issue.1, pp.46-57, 2011.
DOI : 10.2174/156652311794520102

S. P. Bruder, N. Jaiswal, and S. E. Haynesworth, Growth kinetics, self-renewal, and the osteogenic potential of purified human mesenchymal stem cells during extensive subcultivation and following cryopreservation, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.202, issue.2, pp.278-294, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/aja.1002020205

P. A. Conget and J. J. , Phenotypical and functional properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.67-73, 1999.
DOI : 10.3181/00379727-196-43201

L. Moroni and P. M. Fornasari, Human mesenchymal stem cells: A bank perspective on the isolation, characterization and potential of alternative sources for the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.680-687, 2012.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0105

T. Margossian, L. Reppel, N. Makdissy, J. F. Stoltz, D. Bensoussan et al., Mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly: comparative phenotype analysis between tissue and in vitro expansion, Biomed. Mater. Eng, vol.22, issue.4, pp.243-254, 2012.

N. Tsagias, I. Koliakos, V. Karagiannis, M. Eleftheriadou, and G. G. Koliakos, Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells using the total length of umbilical cord for transplantation purposes, Transfusion Medicine, vol.36, issue.4, pp.253-261, 2011.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0330

S. B. Anderson, C. C. Lin, D. V. Kuntzler, and K. S. Anseth, The performance of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in cell-degradable polymer-peptide hydrogels, Biomaterials, vol.32, issue.14, pp.3564-3574, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.064

S. Diederichs, S. Roker, D. Marten, A. Peterbauer, T. Scheper et al., Dynamic cultivation of human mesenchymal stem cells in a rotating bed bioreactor system based on the Z??RP platform, Biotechnology Progress, vol.84, issue.6, pp.1762-1771, 2009.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.2004.10.1148

A. Apel, A. Groth, S. Schlesinger, H. Bruns, P. Schemmer et al., Suitability of human mesenchymal stem cells for gene therapy depends on the expansion medium, Experimental Cell Research, vol.315, issue.3, pp.498-507, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.11.013

J. Van-der-valk, D. Brunner, K. D. Smet, A. Fex-svenningsen, P. Honegger et al., Optimization of chemically defined cell culture media ??? Replacing fetal bovine serum in mammalian in vitro methods, Toxicology in Vitro, vol.24, issue.4, pp.1053-1063, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.016

A. Tiwari, H. J. Salacinski, G. Punshon, G. Hamilton, and A. M. Seifalian, Development of a hybrid cardiovascular graft using a tissue engineering approach, The FASEB Journal, vol.16, issue.8, pp.791-796, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00653-1

N. Berthelemy, H. Kerdjoudj, C. Gaucher, P. Schaaf, J. F. Stoltz et al., Polyelectrolyte Films Boost Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Endothelium-like Monolayers, Advanced Materials, vol.17, issue.14, pp.2674-2678, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-4889(83)90018-6

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00359006

E. M. Horwitz, D. J. Prockop, L. A. Fitzpatrick, W. W. Koo, P. L. Gordon et al., Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, Nature Medicine, vol.11, issue.3, pp.309-313, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/jbmr.5650110717

I. G. Cohen and E. Y. Adashi, Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research under Siege ??? Battle Won but Not the War, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.364, issue.22, p.48, 2011.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMp1105088

C. B. Weinberg and E. Bell, A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells, Science, vol.231, issue.4736, pp.397-400, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2934816

C. Boura, P. Menu, E. Payan, C. Picart, J. C. Voegel et al., Endothelial cells grown on thin polyelectrolyte mutlilayered films: an evaluation of a new versatile surface modification, Biomaterials, vol.24, issue.20, pp.3521-3530, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00214-X

C. Brunot, B. Grosgogeat, C. Picart, C. Lagneau, N. Jaffrezic-renault et al., Response of fibroblast activity and polyelectrolyte multilayer films coating titanium, Dental Materials, vol.24, issue.8, pp.1025-1035, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.022

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00292252

P. Tryoen-toth, D. Vautier, Y. Haikel, J. C. Voegel, P. Schaaf et al., Viability, adhesion, and bone phenotype of osteoblast-like cells on polyelectrolyte multilayer films, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.35, issue.4, pp.657-667, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19970615)35:4<513::AID-JBM11>3.0.CO;2-C

C. R. Wittmer, J. A. Phelps, C. M. Lepus, W. M. Saltzman, M. J. Harding et al., Multilayer nanofilms as substrates for hepatocellular applications, Biomaterials, vol.29, issue.30, pp.4082-4090, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.027

V. Gribova, R. Auzely-velty, and C. Picart, Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Assemblies on Materials Surfaces: From Cell Adhesion to Tissue Engineering, Chemistry of Materials, vol.24, issue.5, pp.854-869, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/cm2032459

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00720315

R. G. Newcomer, M. D. Moussallem, T. Keller, J. B. Schlenoff, and Q. X. Sang, Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Responses to Bioactive Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Interfaces, Biotechnology Research International, vol.15, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00646a020

URL : https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/854068

N. Berthelemy, H. Kerdjoudj, C. Gaucher, P. Schaaf, J. F. Stoltz et al., Polyelectrolyte Films Boost Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Endothelium-like Monolayers, Advanced Materials, vol.17, issue.14, pp.20-2674, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-4889(83)90018-6

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00359006

G. Petzold, K. Petzold-welcke, H. Qi, K. Stengel, S. Schwarz et al., The removal of stickies with modified starch and chitosan???Highly cationic and hydrophobic types compared with unmodified ones, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.90, issue.4, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.055

G. Cado, H. Kerdjoudj, A. Chassepot, M. Lefort, K. Benmlih et al., Polysaccharide Films Built by Simultaneous or Alternate Spray: A Rapid Way to Engineer Biomaterial Surfaces, Langmuir, vol.28, issue.22, pp.28-8470, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/la300563s

L. Richert, P. Lavalle, E. Payan, X. Z. Shu, G. D. Prestwich et al., Layer by Layer Buildup of Polysaccharide Films: Physical Chemistry and Cellular Adhesion Aspects, Langmuir, vol.20, issue.2, pp.448-458, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/la035415n

Z. M. Liu, Q. Gu, Z. K. Xu, and T. Groth, Synergistic Effect of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Osteogenic Growth Medium on Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Macromolecular Bioscience, vol.6, issue.9, pp.1043-1054, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/jbm.a.31233

L. Richert, F. Boulmedais, P. Lavalle, J. Mutterer, E. Ferreux et al., Improvement of Stability and Cell Adhesion Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films by Chemical Cross-Linking, Biomacromolecules, vol.5, issue.2, pp.284-294, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/bm0342281

A. Schneider, G. Francius, R. Obeid, P. Schwinté, J. Hemmerlé et al., Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with a Tunable Young's Modulus:?? Influence of Film Stiffness on Cell Adhesion, Langmuir, vol.22, issue.3, pp.22-1193, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/la0521802

Y. Cao, Z. Sun, L. Liao, Y. Meng, Q. Han et al., Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro and improve postnatal neovascularization in vivo, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, pp.370-379, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.135

Y. Jiang, B. N. Jahagirdar, R. L. Reinhardt, R. E. Schwartz, C. D. Keene et al., Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow, Nature, issue.6893, pp.418-459, 2002.

Y. Xu, S. Huang, K. Ma, X. Fu, W. Han et al., Promising new potential for mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly: sweat gland cell-like differentiative capacity, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, vol.100, issue.3, pp.645-654, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/jcb.21078

N. Giuliani, G. Lisignoli, M. Magnani, C. Racano, M. Bolzoni et al., New Insights into Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications for Bone Regeneration in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Stem cells international, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diff.2009.08.001

K. A. Kilian, B. Bugarija, B. T. Lahn, and M. Mrksich, Geometric cues for directing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp.4872-4877, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.056

R. G. Breuls, M. N. Helder, F. J. Van-milligen, and T. H. Smit, European Patent No. EP 1908820, 2008.

R. E. Jaffe, C. G. Nachman, C. R. Becker, and . Minick, Culture of Human Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Veins. IDENTIFICATION BY MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CRITERIA, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.52, issue.11, p.2745, 1973.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI107470

. Gómez-lechón, Hepatogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.12, issue.36, p.5834, 2006.

H. Kerdjoudj, F. Boulmedais, N. Berthelemy, H. Mjahed, H. Louis et al., Cellularized alginate sheets for blood vessel reconstruction, Soft Matter, vol.26, issue.7, pp.3621-3626, 2011.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2007-1028

P. Voegel and . Menu, Polyelectrolyte films boost progenitor cell differentiation into endothelium-like monolayers, Advanced Materials, vol.20, issue.14, pp.2674-2678, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00359006

E. Horwitz, K. L. Blanc, M. Dominici, I. Mueller, I. Slaper-cortenbach et al., Clarification of the nomenclature for MSC: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement, Cytotherapy, vol.7, issue.5, pp.393-395, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/14653240500319234

H. Yoshimura, T. Muneta, A. Nimura, A. Yokoyama, H. Koga et al., Comparison of rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, synovium, periosteum, adipose tissue, and muscle, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.13, issue.Suppl 1, pp.449-462, 2007.
DOI : 10.7547/87507315-82-8-427

M. A. Engelse, N. Laurens, R. E. Verloop, P. Koolwijk, and V. W. Van-hinsbergh, Differential gene expression analysis of tubule forming and non-tubule forming endothelial cells: CDC42GAP as a counter-regulator in tubule formation, Angiogenesis, vol.229, issue.2, pp.153-167, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62254-7

G. Finkenzeller, N. Torio-padron, A. Momeni, A. T. Mehlhorn, and G. B. Stark, Engineered Tissues, Tissue Engineering, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1413-1420, 2007.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.2006.0369

N. Yamamura, R. Sudo, M. Ikeda, and K. Tanishita, Formation of Microvessel Networks by Endothelial Cells, Tissue Engineering, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1443-1453, 2007.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.2006.0333

G. Seghezzi, S. Patel, C. J. Ren, A. Gualandris, G. Pintucci et al., Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in the Endothelial Cells of Forming Capillaries: An Autocrine Mechanism Contributing to Angiogenesis, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.144, issue.7, pp.1659-1673, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/nm0298-201

J. Oswald, S. Boxberger, B. Jørgensen, S. Feldmann, G. Ehninger et al., Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Be Differentiated Into Endothelial Cells In Vitro, Stem Cells, vol.9, issue.3, pp.377-384, 2004.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI0214327

F. Alviano, V. Fossati, C. Marchionni, M. Arpinati, L. Bonsi et al., Term amniotic membrane is a high throughput source for multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro, BMC Developmental Biology, vol.7, issue.1, p.11, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-213X-7-11

. Simmons, Molecular and cellular characterisation of highly purified stromal stem cells derived from human bone marrow, Journal of cell science, vol.116, issue.9, pp.1827-1835, 2003.

N. Ferrara, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Basic Science and Clinical Progress, Endocrine Reviews, vol.25, issue.4, pp.581-611, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/er.2003-0027

URL : https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/25/4/581/8861484/edrv0581.pdf

A. Woodfin, M. Voisin, and S. Nourshargh, PECAM-1: A Multi-Functional Molecule in Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.27, issue.12, pp.2514-2523, 2007.
DOI : 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151456

S. Gory-faure, M. Prandini, H. Pointu, V. Roullot, I. Pignot-paintrand et al., Role of vascular endothelialcadherin in vascular morphogenesis, Development, vol.126, issue.10, pp.2093-2102, 1999.

G. P. Duffy, T. M. Mcfadden, E. M. Byrne, S. Gill, E. Farrell et al., Towards in vitro vascularisation of collagen-GAG scaffolds, European Cells and Materials, vol.21, pp.15-30, 2011.
DOI : 10.22203/eCM.v021a02

J. Hedrick and . Fraser, Expression of cardiomyocytic markers on adipose tissue-derived cells in a murine model of acute myocardial injury, Cytotherapy, vol.7, issue.3, pp.282-291, 2005.

M. J. Seo, S. Y. Suh, Y. C. Bae, and J. S. Jung, Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells into hepatic lineage in vitro and in vivo, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, pp.258-264, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.158

H. Goodwin, A. Bicknese, S. Chien, B. Bogucki, D. Oliver et al., Multilineage differentiation activity by cells isolated from umbilical cord blood: Expression of bone, fat, and neural markers, Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, vol.7, issue.11, pp.581-588, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11760145

J. Gaffney, D. West, F. Arnold, A. Sattar, and S. Kumar, Differences in the uptake of modified low density lipoproteins by tissue cultured endothelial cells, Journal of cell science, vol.79, issue.1, pp.317-325, 1985.

Z. R. Jung, G. Bessler, W. G. Zeegers, N. D. Boersma, W. J. Claasen et al., References and Notes 1, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Immunological Recognition of Peptides in Medicine and Biology G. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, vol.1, issue.370, pp.1335-1342, 1987.

B. Frisch, S. Muller, J. Briand, M. H. Van-regenmortel, and F. Schuber, Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of a liposome-associated synthetic hexapeptide antigen, European Journal of Immunology, vol.8, issue.2, p.185, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/6.4.493

J. Metzger, K. H. Wiesmiiller, . Schaude, W. G. Bessler, G. Jung et al., Peptide Protein Res, J. Med. Chem, vol.37, issue.173, pp.46-253, 1969.

J. Metzger, K. H. Wiesmiiller, R. Schaude, W. G. Bessler, and G. Jang, Synthesis of novel immunologically active tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteinyl lipopeptides as useful intermediates for immunogen preparations, International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research, vol.177, issue.1, p.46, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0171-2985(88)80046-9

M. A. Walker, The Mitsunobu reaction: A novel method for the synthesis of bifunctional maleimide linkers, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.35, issue.5, p.665, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)75785-6

2. Madm, 1. Nhchco-)-m, I. , and C. , Compound 6 had H NMR (300 MHz 4,39); FAB MS (4-nitrobenzylic alcohol matrix): mass calculated for C65HI 17010N5S: m 1160, All new compounds gave spectroscopic data in agreement with the assigned structures. Compound 3 had 1H NMR ~200 MHz 2H, NHCH2CO), 3,95 (br, 2H, CH2Mal), 3,05-2,82 (m, 2I-L CH2SCH2CHNH), 2,97 (t, J=4,5 Hz, 2H, NHCH2CH2Mal) Compound 7 had IH NMR ~ (300 MHz FAB MS (4-nitrobenzylic alcohol matrix) mass calculated for C65H119012N5S: m 1206, pp.862019-556

. Bibliographie and . Batten, Human mesenchymal stem cells induce t cell anergy and downregulate t cell allo-responses via the th2 pathway : relevance to tissue engineering human heart valves, Tissue engineering, issue.8, pp.122263-2273, 2006.

P. Berbis, Acide hyaluronique et pathologie inflammatoire, auto-immune et cardio-vasculaire, Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, pp.40-43, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0151-9638(10)70008-9

. Berger, Healing of Arterial Prostheses in Man, Annals of Surgery, vol.175, issue.1, p.118, 1972.
DOI : 10.1097/00000658-197201000-00018

. Berthelemy, Polyelectrolyte Films Boost Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Endothelium-like Monolayers, Advanced Materials, vol.17, issue.14, pp.202674-2678, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-4889(83)90018-6

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00359006

G. Blix, Hyaluronic acid in the pleural and peritoneal fluids from a case of mesothelioma, Acta Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis, vol.56, issue.12, p.47, 1951.

K. B. Blodgett, MONOMOLECULAR FILMS OF FATTY ACIDS ON GLASS, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.56, issue.2, pp.495-495, 1934.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01317a513

L. Blodgett, K. B. Blodgett, and I. Langmuir, Built-Up Films of Barium Stearate and Their Optical Properties, Physical Review, vol.84, issue.11, p.51964, 1937.
DOI : 10.1126/science.84.2183.379

. Boeckler, Design and synthesis of thiol-reactive lipopeptides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.8, issue.15, pp.2055-2058, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-894X(98)00360-6

. Boldrin, Are Human and Mouse Satellite Cells Really the Same?, Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, vol.19, issue.12, pp.58941-955, 2010.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.200312007

. Bornhäuser, Rapid reconstitution of dendritic cells after allogeneic transplantation of CD133+ selected hematopoietic stem cells, Leukemia, vol.68, issue.1, pp.161-165, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-199907150-00017

. Bot, Hyaluronic Acid: Targeting Immune Modulatory Components of the Extracellular Matrix in Atherosclerosis, Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol.15, issue.8, pp.15786-791, 2008.
DOI : 10.2174/092986708783955554

. Bottaro, Molecular Signaling in Bioengineered Tissue Microenvironments, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.274, issue.1, pp.143-153, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.HYP.31.1.162

C. Bibliographie, Relationship between antibacterial activity of chitosan and surface characteristics of cell wall, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, vol.25, pp.932-936, 2004.

. Colavitti, Reactive Oxygen Species as Downstream Mediators of Angiogenic Signaling by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/KDR, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.79, issue.5, pp.3101-3108, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/18793

V. Coma, Bioactive packaging technologies for extended shelf life of meat-based products, Meat Science, vol.78, issue.1-2, pp.90-103, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.035

M. S. Conte, The ideal small arterial substitute : a search for the holy grail ? The FASEB journal, pp.43-45, 1998.

. Correia, Chitosan scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid for cartilage tissue engineering, Tissue Engineering Part, issue.7, pp.17717-730, 2011.

. Cummings, Properties of engineered vascular constructs made from collagen, fibrin, and collagen???fibrin mixtures, Biomaterials, vol.25, issue.17, pp.253699-3706, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.073

. Dahl, Decellularized Native and Engineered Arterial Scaffolds for Transplantation, Cell Transplantation, vol.93, issue.6, pp.12659-666, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90291-0

. Das, Generation of embryonic stem cells: limitations of and alternatives to inner cell mass harvest, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.318, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1151526

. Decher, Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process: III. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on charged surfaces, Thin Solid Films, vol.210, issue.211, pp.831-835, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6090(92)90417-A

. Delorme, Specific Lineage-Priming of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provides the Molecular Framework for Their Plasticity, STEM CELLS, vol.110, issue.5, pp.1142-1151, 2009.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2006-12-063412

C. V. Denis, Molecular and Cellular Biology of von Willebrand Factor, International Journal of Hematology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.3-8, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.19.12.3071

. Deutsch, Clinical autologous in vitro endothelialization of infrainguinal ePTFE grafts in 100 patients: A 9-year experience, Surgery, vol.126, issue.5, pp.126847-855, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70025-5

. Kumar, Chitosan Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Perspectives, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.12, pp.6017-6084, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr030441b

. Ladam, In Situ Determination of the Structural Properties of Initially Deposited Polyelectrolyte Multilayers, Langmuir, vol.16, issue.3, pp.161249-1255, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/la990650k

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01743335

. Laflamme, Differential effect of chitosan on root rot fungal pathogens in forest nurseries, Canadian journal of botany, issue.10, pp.771460-1468, 2000.

. Lamm, Autologous endothelialized vein allograft a solution in the search for smallcaliber grafts in coronary artery bypass graft operations, Circulation, issue.1, pp.104-108, 2001.

R. Langer, Biomaterials and biotechnology: From the discovery of the first angiogenesis inhibitors to the development of controlled drug delivery systems and the foundation of tissue engineering, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol.367, issue.9, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68438-9

[. Blanc, Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study, The Lancet, vol.371, issue.9624, pp.3711579-1586, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60690-X

[. Dévédec, Separation of chitosan oligomers by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, issue.2, pp.1194165-171, 2008.

. Lee, Intravenous hMSCs Improve Myocardial Infarction in Mice because Cells Embolized in Lung Are Activated to Secrete the Anti-inflammatory Protein TSG-6, Cell Stem Cell, vol.5, issue.1, pp.54-63, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.003

. Lertsutthiwong, Effect of chemical treatment on the characteristics of shrimp chitosan, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, vol.12, issue.1, pp.11-18, 2002.

. Bibliographie and . Lvov, A careful examination of the adsorption step in the alternate layer-by-layer assembly of linear polyanion and polycation, Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.146, issue.1, pp.337-346, 1999.

. Carvalho, Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Umbilical Cord: Phenotypic Characterization, Secretome and Applications in Central Nervous System Regenerative Medicine, Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, vol.6, issue.3, pp.221-228, 2011.
DOI : 10.2174/157488811796575332

. Majesky, The Adventitia: A Dynamic Interface Containing Resident Progenitor Cells, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.31, issue.7, pp.311530-1539, 2011.
DOI : 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221549

. Mammoto, Mechanosensitive mechanisms in transcriptional regulation, Journal of Cell Science, vol.125, issue.13, pp.1253061-3073, 2012.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.093005

. Margossian, Mesenchymal stem cells derived from wharton's jelly : Comparative phenotype analysis between tissue and in vitro expansion, 2012.

. Marin, Endothelial cell culture: protocol to obtain and cultivate human umbilical endothelial cells, Journal of Immunological Methods, vol.254, issue.1-2, pp.183-190, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00408-2

. Marui, Effect of growth factors on matrix synthesis by ligament fibroblasts, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol.14, issue.1, pp.18-23, 1997.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2470597

. Maurstad, PEGylated chitosan complexes DNA while improving polyplex colloidal stability and gene transfection efficiency, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.94, issue.1, pp.436-443, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.015

. Mazzucotelli, Human Vascular Endothelial Cells on Expanded Ptfe Precoated with An Engineered Protein Adhesion Factor, The International Journal of Artificial Organs, vol.257, issue.2, p.112, 1994.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00321a017

. Mcallister, Effectiveness of haemodialysis access with an autologous tissueengineered vascular graft : a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet, pp.3731440-1446, 2009.

S. Mcguigan, A. P. Mcguigan, and M. V. Sefton, The influence of biomaterials on endothelial cell thrombogenicity, Biomaterials, vol.28, issue.16, pp.282547-2571, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.039

A. Mclaren, Ethical and social considerations of stem cell research, Nature, issue.6859, pp.414129-131, 2001.

P. Menasché, Ingéniérie des conduits vasculaires. emémoires de l'Académie Nationale de Chirurgie, pp.37-041, 2012.

P. Meyer, K. Meyer, and J. W. Palmer, The polysaccharide of the vitreous humor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.107, issue.3, pp.629-634, 1934.

. Minagawa, Effects of molecular weight and deacetylation degree of chitin/chitosan on wound healing, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.67, issue.4, pp.640-644, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.07.007

. Mironov, Organ printing: Tissue spheroids as building blocks, Biomaterials, vol.30, issue.12, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.084

URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3773699?pdf=render

. Montembault, A material decoy of??biological media based on??chitosan physical hydrogels: application to??cartilage tissue engineering, Biochimie, vol.88, issue.5, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.03.002

. Mooney, Stabilized polyglycolic acid fibre-based tubes for tissue engineering, Biomaterials, vol.17, issue.2, pp.115-124, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-9612(96)85756-5

. Moreau, Sequential Growth Factor Application in Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Ligament Engineering, Tissue Engineering, vol.11, issue.11-12, pp.1887-1897, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1887

. Morrison, . Spradling, S. J. Morrison, and A. C. Spradling, Stem Cells and Niches: Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life, Cell, vol.132, issue.4, pp.598-611, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.038

. Bibliographie and . Muzzarelli, Spray-drying of solutions containing chitosan together with polyuronans and characterisation of the microspheres, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.57, issue.1, pp.73-82, 2004.

R. A. Muzzarelli, Biomedical Exploitation of Chitin and Chitosan via Mechano-Chemical Disassembly, Electrospinning, Dissolution in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids, and Supercritical Drying, Marine Drugs, vol.60, issue.125, pp.1510-1533, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/pi.3055

. Muzzarelli, . Rocchetti, R. A. Muzzarelli, and R. Rocchetti, Determination of the degree of acetylation of chitosans by first derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.5, issue.6, pp.461-472, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0144-8617(85)90005-0

. Nagapudi, Viscoelastic and mechanical behavior of recombinant protein elastomers, Biomaterials, vol.26, issue.23, pp.264695-4706, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.027

. Nekanti, Increased Proliferation and Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under Hypoxia, International Journal of Biological Sciences, vol.6, issue.5, p.499, 2010.
DOI : 10.7150/ijbs.6.499

. Nettles, Potential Use of Chitosan as a Cell Scaffold Material for Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Tissue Engineering, vol.8, issue.6, pp.1009-1016, 2002.
DOI : 10.1089/107632702320934100

S. Netzer, L. Netzer, and J. Sagiv, A new approach to construction of artificial monolayer assemblies, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.105, issue.3, pp.674-676, 1983.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00341a087

. Niklason, Functional Arteries Grown in Vitro, Science, vol.284, issue.5413, pp.284489-493, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.284.5413.489

. Nishibe, Effects of fibronectin bonding on healing of high porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in pigs, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, vol.42, issue.5, p.667, 2001.

. No, Antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.65-72, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00717-6

H. M. Nugent and E. R. Edelman, Tissue Engineering Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease, Circulation Research, vol.92, issue.10, pp.1068-1078, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.0000073844.41372.38

. Oliveira, Studies, Tissue Engineering Part A, vol.15, issue.3, pp.625-634, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0051

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00605529

. Papineau, Antimicrobial effect of water???soluble chitosans with high hydrostatic pressure, Food Biotechnology, vol.93, issue.1, pp.45-57, 1991.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.70.5.1449

. Petzold, The removal of stickies with modified starch and chitosan???Highly cationic and hydrophobic types compared with unmodified ones, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.90, issue.4, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.055

J. L. Platt, Preface: Future approaches to replacement of organs, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.4, issue.(Suppl. 6), 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6135.2004.0347.x

D. Raafat and H. Sahl, Chitosan and its antimicrobial potential - a critical literature survey, Microbial Biotechnology, vol.4, issue.2, pp.186-201, 2009.
DOI : 10.3748/wjg.v13.i10.1547

. Radisic, Biomimetic approach to cardiac tissue engineering : oxygen carriers and channeled scaffolds, Tissue engineering, issue.8, pp.122077-2091, 2006.

. Ramsden, Determination of optical constants of molecular films assembled via alternate polyion adsorption, Thin Solid Films, vol.254, issue.1-2, pp.246-251, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6090(94)06262-J

S. Ravi and E. L. Chaikof, Biomaterials for vascular tissue engineering, Regenerative Medicine, vol.118, issue.1, pp.107-120, 2010.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.001172

[. Kumar and M. N. , A review of chitin and chitosan applications . Reactive and functional polymers, pp.1-27, 2000.

. Ren, Species Variation in the Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Immunosuppression, Stem Cells, vol.98, issue.8, pp.271954-1962, 2009.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.98.17.1703

. Bibliographie and . Richert, Layer by layer buildup of polysaccharide films : physical chemistry and cellular adhesion aspects, Langmuir, vol.20, issue.2, pp.448-458, 2004.

. Roeder, Compliance, elastic modulus, and burst pressure of small-intestine submucosa (SIS), small-diameter vascular grafts, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.(Supp), issue.1, pp.65-70, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02368651

. Roller, S. Roller, and N. Covill, The antifungal properties of chitosan in laboratory media and apple juice, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.47, issue.1-2, pp.67-77, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00006-9

. Rosenman, Kinetics of endothelial cell seeding, Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol.2, issue.6, pp.778-784, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0741-5214(85)90122-3

R. Ross, The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis : a perspective for the, 1990.

. Sato, Nitric oxide plays a critical role in suppression of T-cell proliferation by mesenchymal stem cells, Blood, vol.109, issue.1, pp.228-234, 2007.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2006-02-002246

. Schneider, Preformed confluent endothelial cell monolayers prevent early platelet deposition on vascular prostheses in baboons, Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol.8, issue.3, pp.229-235, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0741-5214(88)90272-8

. Seliktar, Dynamic Mechanical Conditioning of Collagen-Gel Blood Vessel Constructs Induces Remodeling In Vitro, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.28, issue.4, pp.351-362, 2000.
DOI : 10.1114/1.275

S. Sell, Heterogeneity and plasticity of hepatocyte lineage cells, Hepatology, vol.33, issue.3, pp.738-750, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/jhep.2001.21900

. Seyfarth, Antifungal effect of high-and low-molecular-weight chitosan hydrochloride , carboxymethyl chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide and< i> n</i>-acetyl-dglucosamine against< i> candida albicans</i>,< i> candida krusei</i> and< i> candida glabrata</i>, International journal of pharmaceutics, vol.353, issue.1, pp.139-148, 2008.

R. Shakesheff, K. M. Shakesheff, and F. R. Rose, Tissue Engineering in the Development of Replacement Technologies, New Technologies for Toxicity Testing, pp.47-57, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_4

. Shum-tim, Tissue engineering of autologous aorta using a new biodegradable polymer. The Annals of thoracic surgery, pp.682298-2304, 1999.

B. P. Sorrentino, Clinical strategies for expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.96, issue.11, pp.878-888, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/35004599

M. Stappenbeck, T. S. Stappenbeck, and H. Miyoshi, The Role of Stromal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair, Science, vol.13, issue.13, pp.3241666-1669, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00396-8

J. Stoffyn, P. J. Stoffyn, and R. W. Jeanloz, Identification of amino sugars by paper chromatography, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.52, issue.2, pp.373-379, 1954.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9861(54)90137-X

. Stroka, HIF-1 is expressed in normoxic tissue and displays an organ-specific regulation under systemic hypoxia, The FASEB Journal, vol.15, issue.13, pp.152445-2453, 2001.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.R690

. Sudarshan, Antibacterial action of chitosan, Food Biotechnology, vol.93, issue.3, pp.257-272, 1992.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.73.3.698

. Sun, Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.37, issue.Suppl 1, pp.622467-2475, 2010.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2579

. Sun, Forcing Stem Cells to Behave: A Biophysical Perspective of the Cellular Microenvironment, Annual Review of Biophysics, vol.41, issue.1, pp.519-542, 2012.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155306

. Swartz, Engineering of fibrin-based functional and implantable small-diameter blood vessels, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.288, issue.3, pp.1451-1460, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-2109(03)00067-X

. Syedain, Implantable arterial grafts from human fibroblasts and fibrin using a multi-graft pulsed flow-stretch bioreactor with noninvasive strength monitoring, Biomaterials, vol.32, issue.3, pp.32714-722, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.019

Y. Tabata, Tissue Regeneration Based on Growth Factor Release, Tissue Engineering, vol.9, issue.supplement 1, pp.5-15, 2003.
DOI : 10.1089/10763270360696941

. Bibliographie and . Tai, Calcium phosphates synthesized by reverse emulsion method for the preparation of chitosan composite membranes, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.88, issue.3, pp.904-911, 2012.

. Takahashi, Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors, cell, issue.5, pp.131861-872, 2007.

Y. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, and S. Yamanaka, Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors, Cell, vol.126, issue.4, pp.663-676, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024

. Takeda, Interconversion Between Intestinal Stem Cell Populations in Distinct Niches, Science, vol.121, issue.1, pp.3341420-1424, 2011.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI44244

. Tamura, A new acellular vascular prosthesis as a scaffold for host tissue regeneration, The International journal of artificial organs, vol.26, issue.9, pp.783-792, 2003.

G. Taylor, K. R. Taylor, and R. L. Gallo, Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host-associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation, The FASEB Journal, vol.20, issue.1, pp.9-22, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90394-8

. Thierry, Bioactive Coatings of Endovascular Stents Based on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers, Biomacromolecules, vol.4, issue.6, pp.1564-1571, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/bm0341834

. Tikhonov, Bactericidal and antifungal activities of a low molecular weight chitosan and its N-/2(3)-(dodec-2-enyl)succinoyl/-derivatives, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol.64, issue.1, pp.66-72, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.10.021

. Tokoyoda, Organization of immunological memory by bone marrow stroma, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.205, issue.3, pp.193-200, 2010.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1269

S. Toole, B. P. Toole, and M. G. Slomiany, Hyaluronan, CD44 and Emmprin: Partners in cancer cell chemoresistance, Drug Resistance Updates, vol.11, issue.3, pp.110-121, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drup.2008.04.002

. Tsai, . Su, G. Tsai, and W. Su, Antibacterial Activity of Shrimp Chitosan against Escherichia coli, Journal of Food Protection, vol.62, issue.3, pp.239-243, 1999.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-62.3.239

. Uchimura, Novel method of preparing acellular cardiovascular grafts by decellularization with poly(ethylene glycol), Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.9, issue.3, pp.834-837, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/bc970184f

. Unwin, Quantitative proteomics reveals posttranslational control as a regulatory factor in primary hematopoietic stem cells, Blood, vol.107, issue.12, pp.1074687-4694, 2006.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4995

. Vachoud, Peroxidase catalyzed grafting of gallate esters onto the polysaccharide chitosan, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol.29, issue.6-7, pp.29380-385, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00404-5

. Voinova, ???Missing mass??? effect in biosensor's QCM applications, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol.17, issue.10, pp.17835-841, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00050-7

. Vojtassak, Autologous biograft and mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of the diabetic foot, Neuro endocrinology letters, vol.27, pp.134-137, 2006.

. Bibliographie, W. Wagers, A. J. Wagers, and I. L. Weissman, Plasticity of adult stem cells, Cell, vol.116, issue.5, pp.639-648, 2004.

. Wang, Adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis to biomedical polymers: Contributions of surface thermodynamics and hemodynamic shear conditions, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol.10, issue.4, pp.485-493, 1995.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3662532

. Wang, Alignment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in microgrooved silicone substrata subjected to cyclic stretching, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.33, issue.6, pp.729-735, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00013-0

. Wang, Fibroblast responses to cyclic mechanical stretching depend on cell orientation to the stretching direction, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.37, issue.4, pp.573-576, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.011

. Wang, A chitosan-based flocculant prepared with gamma-irradiation-induced grafting, Bioresource Technology, vol.99, issue.9, pp.993397-3402, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.014

. Wang, 3D spheroid culture system on micropatterned substrates for improved differentiation efficiency of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, Biomaterials, vol.30, issue.14, pp.302705-2715, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.030

. Wang, A Transcriptional Roadmap to the Induction of Pluripotency in Somatic Cells, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, vol.17, issue.6, pp.282-296, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.23335

B. Wehrle-haller, Assembly and disassembly of cell matrix adhesions, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol.24, issue.5, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.06.010

B. Weinberg, C. B. Weinberg, and E. Bell, A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells, Science, vol.231, issue.4736, pp.231397-400, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2934816

V. Westerweel, P. E. Westerweel, and M. C. Verhaar, Directing Myogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation, Circulation Research, vol.103, issue.6, pp.560-561, 2008.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.184374

URL : http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/circresaha/103/6/560.full.pdf

. Widner, Hyaluronic Acid Production in Bacillus subtilis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.71, issue.7, pp.713747-3752, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3747-3752.2005

S. Wilcox, J. N. Wilcox, and N. A. Scott, Potential role of the adventitia in arteritis and atherosclerosis, International Journal of Cardiology, vol.54, pp.21-35, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-5273(96)02811-2

D. F. Williams-]-williams, Definitions in biomaterials : proceedings of a consensus conference of the European Society for, Biomaterials, vol.4, 1986.

. Xu, Mesenchymal stem cells from adult human bone marrow differentiate into a cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro, Experimental Biology and Medicine, issue.7, pp.229623-631, 2004.

. Yamamoto, Branching ducts similar to mesonephric ducts or ureteric buds in teratomas originating from mouse embryonic stem cells, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, vol.290, issue.1, pp.52-60, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/ar.1092010408

W. Yao, Z. Yao, and H. Wu, Characterization of chitosanhyaluronic acid blended membranes and their effects on the growth of keratocytes, 2011.

. Zaragoza, Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, vol.86, issue.6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s003950050061

Y. A. Zeng and R. Nusse, Wnt Proteins Are Self-Renewal Factors for Mammary Stem Cells and Promote Their Long-Term Expansion in Culture, Cell Stem Cell, vol.6, issue.6, pp.568-577, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.stem.2010.03.020

. Zhang, An in vitro evaluation of a chitosan-containing multiparticulate system for macromolecule delivery to the colon, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol.239, issue.1-2, pp.197-205, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00112-6

. Zhang, Natural polyelectrolyte films based on layer-by layer deposition of collagen and hyaluronic acid, Biomaterials, vol.26, issue.16, pp.263353-3361, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.08.019

S. Zhang, Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly, Nature Biotechnology, vol.9, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.1171-1178, 2003.
DOI : 10.1110/ps.9.6.1095

. Zhao, Cd44 expressed on both bone, 2008.