, Dans ces conditions, la taille limitée des avalanches permet d'éviter la mise en place d'une importante charge d'espace positive et le développement d'avalanches secondaires menant à la formation d'un streamer, vol.75

, Ainsi, les ions deviennent la principale espèce responsable de l'auto-entretien de la décharge en stimulant l'émission secondaire d'électrons à la cathode. Ce type de décharge homogène peut donc se distinguer d'une décharge à couplage de streamers par sa durée caractéristique, les mécanismes impliqués dans une décharge à couplage de streamers étant plus rapides

, Tout comme les décharges à faible pression, ce second type de décharge homogène peut encore être classé en deux sous-catégories selon le taux d'ionisation maximal atteint, les dé-charges à barrière diélectrique de Townsend (TDBD)

T. Dans-le-cas-d'une, ionisation est trop faible pour induire la formation d'une chute cathodique. Le champ électrique reste quasiment uniforme sur tout l'espace inter-électrodes, avec une légère variation de l'ordre de 10 % entre l'anode et la cathode, vol.69

, mais reste toujours inférieure à la densité des ions en raison de leur différence de mobilité (Figure A-14 b). La décharge transite vers une DBD luminescente lorsque le taux d'ionisation devient suffisant pour mener à la formation d'une chute cathodique, qui va conduire, comme dans le cas des décharges à faible pression, à la mise en place de différentes zones sombres et lumineuses dans l'espace interélectrodes, Parmi ces régions, on retrouve la colonne positive, dans laquelle le champ élec-trique est très faible et où les densités électroniques et ioniques sont égales

Q. Le-fait, une décharge homogène soit plutôt de type TDBD ou GDBD dépend principalement de la nature du gaz. Dans l'hélium, le taux d'ionisation est suffisant pour induire l'apparition d'une chute cathodique et d'une colonne positive où des électrons peuvent rester piégés entre deux alternances de la tension appliquée, et constituer une source d'électrons germes permettant d

, Cependant, la plus grande partie des électrons germes dans ce gaz sont produits par les espèces métastables de l'hélium (1.4.3.2), qui sont responsables de l'ionisation de particules neutres (ionisation Penning) pendant les temps où la décharge est éteinte, et assurent la pré-sence d'électrons germes dans l

. Dans-l'azote, Il fut néanmoins montré qu'une TDBD pouvait être obtenue dans ce gaz grâce aux espèces métastables de l'azote. L'ionisation Penning n'est cependant pas possible dans l'azote en raison de la faible énergie de ses espèces métastables [77], mais ces derniers peuvent tout de même diffuser vers la cathode

, Dans l'argon, l'obtention de décharges homogènes nécessite l'introduction d'additifs comme l'ammoniac, qui puissent être ionisés par les métastables de l'argon [69, 80

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