B. Arifvianto, . Suyitno, M. Mahardika, P. Dewo, P. T. Iswanto et al., Effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on microhardness, surface roughness and wettability of AISI 316L, Mater. Chem. Phys, vol.125, pp.418-426, 2011.

M. Asgari, A. Barnoush, R. Johnsen, and R. Hoel, Microstructural characterization of pulsed plasma nitrided 316L stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. -Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process, vol.529, pp.425-434, 2011.

S. Bagheri and M. Guagliano, Review of shot peening processes to obtain nanocrystalline surfaces in metal alloys, Surf. Eng, vol.25, pp.3-14, 2009.

F. Borgioli, A. Fossati, E. Galvanetto, and T. Bacci, Glow-discharge nitriding of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel: influence of treatment temperature, Surf. Coat. Technol, vol.200, pp.2474-2480, 2005.

M. Chemkhi, D. Retraint, A. Roos, C. Garnier, L. Waltz et al., The effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment on low temperature plasma nitriding of an austenitic stainless steel, Surf. Coat. Technol, vol.221, pp.191-195, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00855527

T. L. Christiansen, T. S. Hummelshoj, and M. A. Somers, Expanded austenite, crystallography and residual stress, Surf. Eng, vol.26, pp.242-247, 2010.

G. Collins, R. Hutchings, K. Short, J. Tendys, X. Li et al., Nitriding of Austenitic Stainless-Steel by Plasma Immersion Ion-Implantation, Surf. Coat. Technol, vol.74, issue.5, pp.417-424, 1995.

M. Egawa, Y. Matsuda, N. Ueda, T. Sone, M. Tsujikawa et al., Effect of Cold Forming on Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding and Carburizing Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steel, vol.6, pp.893-896, 2009.

M. F. Ashby, The Deformation of Plastically Non-Homogeneous Materials, Philosophical Magazine, vol.21, issue.170, pp.399-424, 1970.

J. Bagur, . Houpert, T. Hazotte, and . Grosdidier, Etude de L'effect de L'écrouissage Sur Le Coefficient de Restitution de Surfaces Métalliques, Lors D'éssais D'impacts de Particules, Assimiliés À Un Traitement de Surface Du Type Grenaillage Par Ultrasons, 2012.

B. Beausir and C. Fressengeas, Disclination Densities from EBSD Orientation Mapping, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.50, issue.1, pp.137-183, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01500811

F. Cemin, F. G. Echeverrigaray, A. C. Rovani, L. G. Cintia, R. L. Amorim et al., Influence of Atomic and Mechanical Attrition on Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferrous Alloys, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, vol.527, pp.3206-3215, 2010.

A. Cornet and J. Deville, Physique et Ingénierie Des Surfaces, 1998.

S. Dillien, M. Seefeldt, S. Allain, O. Bouaziz, and P. Van-houtte, EBSD Study of the Substructure Development with Cold Deformation of Dual Phase Steel, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, vol.527, issue.4-5, pp.947-53, 2010.

D. P. Field, C. C. Merriman, N. Allain-bonasso, and F. Wagner, Quantification of Dislocation Structure Heterogeneity in Deformed Polycrystals by EBSD, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, vol.20, issue.2, 2012.

T. Grosdidier, D. Goran, G. Ji, and N. Llorca, On the Processing of Hetero-Nanostructured Metals for Improved Strength/ductility Balance by ECAE and SPS Techniques, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol.504, pp.456-459, 2010.

T. Grosdidier, J. X. Zou, N. Stein, C. Boulanger, S. Z. Hao et al., Texture Modification, Grain Refinement and Improved Hardness/corrosion Balance of a FeAl Alloy by Pulsed Electron Beam Surface Treatment in the 'Heating Mode, Scripta Materialia, vol.58, issue.12, pp.1058-61, 2008.

F. J. Humphreys and A. T. Stewart, Dislocation Generation at SiO2 Particles in an ?-Brass Matrix on Plastic Deformation, Surface Science, vol.31, pp.90269-90274, 1972.

F. Humphreys and M. Ardakani, The Deformation of Particle-Containing Aluminum Single-Crystals, Acta Metallurgica Et Materialia, vol.42, issue.3, pp.749-61, 1994.

F. Humphreys and P. Kalu, The Plasticity of Particle-Containing Polycrystals, Acta Metallurgica Et Materialia, vol.38, issue.6, 1990.

J. Jiang, T. B. Britton, and A. J. Wilkinson, Measurement of Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Density with High Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction: Effects of Detector Binning and Step Size, Ultramicroscopy, vol.125, pp.1-9, 2013.

N. Kamikawa, X. Huang, and N. Hansen, Tailoring Structures through TwoStep Annealing Process in Nanostructured Aluminum Produced by Accumulative Roll-Bonding, Journal of Materials Science, vol.43, pp.7313-7332, 2008.

E. Kröner, Thermomechanical surface treatments of austenitic stainless steels and their effects on subsequent nitriding during "Duplex, p.132, 1980.

P. Lacombe and B. Baroux, Les Aciers Inoxydables, 1990.

A. Q. Lu, G. Liu, and C. M. Liu, Microstructural evolution of the surface layer of 316L stainless steel induced by mechanical attrition, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol.40, issue.9, pp.943-990, 2004.

J. Nye, Some Geometrical Relations in Dislocated Crystals, Acta Metallurgica, vol.1, issue.2, pp.90054-90060, 1953.

W. Pantleon, Resolving the Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Content by Conventional Electron Backscattering Diffraction, Scripta Materialia, vol.58, issue.11, pp.994-97, 2008.

T. Roland, D. Retraint, K. Lu, and J. Lu, Effect of SurfaceNanoCrystallization on Tribological Properties of Stainless Steel, Residual Stresses Vii, pp.717-739, 2006.

T. Roland, D. Retraint, K. Lu, and J. Lu, Enhanced Mechanical Behavior of a Nanocrystallised Stainless Steel and Its Thermal Stability, Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.

T. Thiriet, Traitements mécaniques et thermochimiques couplés sur acier inoxydable et alliage base nickel austénitiques, 2010.

W. Tong, Z. N-r-tao, . Wang, K. Lu, and . Lu, Nitriding Iron at Lower Temperatures, Science, 2003.

J. C. Villegas, K. Dai, L. L. Shaw, and P. K. Liaw, Nanocrystallization of a Nickel Alloy Subjected to Surface Severe Plastic Deformation, Materials Science, pp.257-60, 2005.

L. Waltz, D. Retraint, A. Roos, C. Garnier, and P. Olier, Effect of Interfacial Oxidation Occurring during the Duplex Process Combining Surface Nanocrystallisation and Co-Rolling, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.205, pp.4608-4621, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00720649

L. Wen, Y. M. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhou, L. X. Guo et al., EIS Study of a Self-Repairing Microarc Oxidation Coating, Corrosion Science, vol.53, issue.2, pp.618-641, 2011.

D. Witkin, Z. Lee, R. Rodriguez, S. Nutt, and E. Lavernia, Al-Mg Alloy Engineered with Bimodal Grain Size for High Strength and Increased Ductility, Scripta Materialia, vol.49, issue.4, pp.297-302, 2003.

K. M. Zhang and J. X. Zou, Formation of Ultrafine Twinned Austenite on a Cold Rolled 316L Stainless Steel Induced by Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment under Heating Mode, Thin Solid Films, vol.526, pp.28-33, 2012.

K. Y. Zhu, A. Vassel, F. Brisset, K. Lu, and J. Lu, Nanostructure Formation Mechanism of ?-Titanium Using SMAT, Acta Materialia, vol.52, issue.14, pp.4101-4111, 2004.

;. Chapter, N. Shinichiro, and . Ueda, Investigation of the Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) effects on the microstructure and contamination of the AISI 316L and AISI 660 stainless steels surfaces References Adachi, vol.523, pp.11-14, 2012.

M. Asgari, A. Barnoush, R. Johnsen, and R. Hoel, Microstructural Characterization of Pulsed Plasma Nitrided 316L Stainless Steel, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, vol.529, pp.425-459, 2011.

M. Chemkhi, D. Retraint, A. Roos, C. Garnier, L. Waltz et al., The Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment on Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of an Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, vol.221, pp.191-95, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00855527

T. Czerwiec, H. He, G. Marcos, T. Thiriet, S. Weber et al., Fundamental and Innovations in Plasma Assisted Diffusion of Nitrogen and Carbon in Austenitic Stainless Steels and Related Alloys, Plasma Processes and Polymers, vol.6, issue.6-7, pp.401-410, 2009.

E. L. Dalibon, P. B. Bozzano, and S. P. Bruehl, Microstructure of Nitrided Layers in Aisi 316l Stainless Steel After Low Temperature Ion Nitriding, Acta Microscopica, vol.22, issue.1, pp.4-11, 2013.

M. Micoulaut, S. Mechkov, D. Retraint, P. Viot, and M. Francois, Granular Gases in Mechanical Engineering: On the Origin of Heterogeneous Ultrasonic Shot Peening, Granular Matter, vol.9, issue.1-2, pp.25-33, 2007.

N. Mingolo, A. P. Tschiptschin, and C. E. Pinedo, On the Formation of Expanded Austenite during Plasma Nitriding of an AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.201, issue.7, pp.4215-4233, 2006.

T. Roland, D. Retraint, K. Lu, and J. Lu, Enhanced Mechanical Behavior of a Nanocrystallised Stainless Steel and Its Thermal Stability, Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.

H. H. Ruan, A. Y. Chen, and J. Lu, Characterization of Plastically Graded Nanostructured Material: Part I. The Theories and the Inverse Algorithm of Nanoindentation, Mechanics of Materials, vol.42, issue.5, pp.559-69, 2010.

B. A. Shedden, F. Kaul, M. Samandi, and B. Window, The Role of Energetic Neutrals in Reactive Magnetron Sputtering of Nitrogen-Doped Austenitic Stainless Steel Coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.97, issue.1-3, pp.102-110, 1997.

J. C. Stinville, P. Villechaise, C. Templier, J. P. Riviere, and M. Drouet, Lattice Rotation Induced by Plasma Nitriding in a 316L Polycrystalline Stainless Steel, Acta Materialia, vol.58, issue.8, pp.2814-2835, 2010.

J. Stinville, Evolution Des Microstructures et Textures Locales Par Nitruration Plasma de L'acier 316L. Répercussion Sur Sa Durabilité En Fatigue, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491846

C. Templier, J. C. Stinville, P. Villechaise, P. O. Renault, G. Abrasonis et al., On Lattice Plane Rotation and Crystallographic Structure of the Expanded Austenite in Plasma Nitrided AISI 316L Steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, vol.204, pp.2551-58, 2010.

T. Thiriet, T. Czerwiec, D. Hertz, G. Marcos, T. Toll-duchanoy et al., Nitrogen Diffusion at Low Temperature in Fcc Materials Chapter IV: Effect of surface activation by mechanical (SMAT and cold-rolling) and by thermo-mechanical (HCPEB) on the nitriding diffusion and the surface hardness of the AISI 316L, p.179, 2012.

, Deformed by Attrition Peening, Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol.323, pp.471-76

L. Waltz, D. Retraint, A. Roos, C. Garnier, and P. Olier, Effect of Interfacial Oxidation Occurring during the Duplex Process Combining Surface Nanocrystallisation and Co-Rolling, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.205, pp.4608-4621, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00720649

S. Wang, Y. Li, M. Yao, and R. Wang, Compressive Residual Stress Introduced by Shot Peening, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.73, issue.1-3, pp.213-219, 1998.

K. M. Zhang, J. X. Zou, B. Bolle, and T. Grosdidier, Evolution of Residual Stress States in Surface Layers of an AISI D2 Steel Treated by Low Energy High Current Pulsed Electron Beam, Vacuum, vol.87, pp.60-68, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01501436