M. Albrecht, P. Duelli, C. Muller, D. Kleijn, and B. Schmid, The Swiss agri-environment scheme enhances pollinator diversity and plant reproductive success in nearby intensively managed farmland, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.71, issue.4, pp.813-822, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-002-1128-9

B. Amiaud, F. Pervanchon, and S. Plantureux, An expert model for predicting species richness in grasslands: Flora-predict, 13th International Occasional Symposium of the European-Grassland-Federation, pp.103-106, 2005.

S. E. Arnold, L. Comber, S. C. Chittka, and L. , Flower color phenology in European grassland and woodland habitats, through the eyes of pollinators, Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.57, issue.3, pp.211-230, 2009.
DOI : 10.1560/IJPS.57.3.211

P. Aupinel, Diversité floristique et alimentation des pollinisateurs. Colloque régional, Agriculture et Biodiversité, 2009.

J. Benard, Apprentissages visuels chez l'abeille A. mellifera: de la généralisation à l'extraction de règles, p.pp, 2007.

R. Billeter, J. Liira, D. Bailey, B. Bugter, P. Arens et al., Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.141-150, 2008.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.00994.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00264032

C. Bockstaller, F. Lasserre-joulin, S. Slezack-deschaumes, S. Piutti, J. Villerd et al., Assessing biodiversity in arable farmland by means of indicators: an overview. OCL-Ol. Corps Gras Li, pp.137-144, 2011.

E. Bruneau, Clefs pour l'alimentation. Besoins alimentaires des abeilles, Abeilles & Cie, vol.113, pp.14-17, 2006.

S. J. Buttler, D. Brooks, R. E. Feber, J. Storkey, J. A. Vickery et al., A crosstaxonomic index for quantifying the health of farmland biodiversity, J. Appl. Ecol, vol.45, issue.46, pp.1154-1162, 2009.

C. Carvell, Habitat use and conservation of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) under different grassland management regimes, Biological Conservation, vol.103, issue.1, pp.33-49, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00114-8

C. Carvell, W. R. Meek, R. F. Pywell, D. Goulson, and M. Nowakowski, Comparing the efficacy of agri-environment schemes to enhance bumble bee abundance and diversity on arable field margins, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.29-40, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/00218839.1982.11100549

B. Clergué, B. Amiaud, F. Pervanchon, F. Lasserre-joulin, and S. Plantureux, Biodiversity: function and assessment in agricultural areas. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.25, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2004049

J. Cnaani, J. D. Thomson, and D. R. Papaj, Flower Choice and Learning in Foraging Bumblebees: Effects of Variation in Nectar Volume and Concentration., Ethology, vol.197, issue.3, pp.278-285, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1910(76)90052-4

S. M. Cook, J. C. Sandoz, A. P. Martin, D. A. Murray, G. M. Poppy et al., Could learning of pollen odours by honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a role in their foraging behaviour?, Physiological Entomology, vol.164, issue.2, pp.164-174, 2005.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015232608858

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00093180

S. Cordeau, X. Reboud, and B. Chauvel, Relative importance of farming practices and landscape context on the weed flora of sown grass strips, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.139, issue.4, pp.595-602, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.002

A. Decourtye, P. Lecompte, J. Pierre, M. P. Chauzat, and P. Thiébeau, Introduction de jachères florales en zones de grandes cultures: comment mieux concilier agriculture, biodiversité et apiculture? Courrier de l, pp.33-56, 2007.

P. Dennis, M. Arndorfer, K. Balázs, D. Bailey, B. Boller et al., Conceptual foundations for biodiversity indicator selection for organic and low-input farming systems, 2009.

A. Ernoult, A. Vialatte, A. Butet, N. Michel, Y. Rantier et al., Grassy strips in their landscape context, their role as new habitat for biodiversity, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.166, pp.15-27, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2012.07.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00826972

C. B. Fenster, W. S. Armbruster, P. Wilson, M. R. Dudash, and J. D. Thomson, Pollination Syndromes and Floral Specialization, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, vol.35, issue.1, pp.375-403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132347

A. Flohre, C. Fischer, T. Aavik, J. Bengtsson, F. Berendse et al., Agricultural intensification and biodiversity partitioning in European landscapes comparing plants, carabids, and birds, Agricultural intensification and biodiversity partitioning in European landscapes comparing plants, carabids, and birds, pp.1772-1781, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00440.x

V. Fuzeau, G. Dubois, O. Thérond, and G. Allaire, Diversification des cultures dans l " agriculture française ? état des lieux et dispositifs d " accompagnement, p.24, 2012.

C. Fontaine, I. Dajoz, J. Meriguet, and M. Loreau, Functional Diversity of Plant???Pollinator Interaction Webs Enhances the Persistence of Plant Communities, PLoS Biology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.129-135, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040001.t003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00133390

M. Fussel and S. A. Corbet, Flower Usage by Bumble-Bees: A Basis for Forage Plant Management, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.451-465, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/2404513

N. Gallai, J. Salles, J. Settele, and B. E. Vaissière, Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline, Ecological Economics, vol.68, issue.3, pp.810-821, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01293686

M. Gontier, B. Balfors, and U. Mortberg, Biodiversity in environmental assessment???current practice and tools for prediction, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.26, issue.3, pp.268-286, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.09.001

D. Goulson and B. Darvill, Niche overlap and diet breadth in bumblebees; are rare species more specialized in their choice of flowers?, Apidologie, vol.35, issue.1, pp.55-64, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/apido:2003062

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891868

A. Guisan and N. E. Zimmermann, Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology, Ecological Modelling, vol.135, issue.2-3, pp.147-186, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00354-9

M. E. Hanley, M. Franco, S. Pichon, B. Darvill, and D. Goulson, Breeding system, pollinator choice and variation in pollen quality in British herbaceous plants, Functional Ecology, vol.268, issue.4, pp.592-598, 2008.
DOI : 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2594:BBSOMG]2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00300627

N. Hempel and M. Vorobyev, Flower patterns are adapted for detection by bees, 2009.

A. Holzschuh, I. Steffan-dewenter, D. Kleijn, and T. Tscharntke, Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: effects of farming system, landscape composition and regional context, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.75, issue.1, pp.41-49, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/0005772X.1991.11099079

X. Janssens, E. Bruneau, and P. Lebrun, Pr??vision des potentialit??s de production de miel ?? l?????chelle d???un rucher au moyen d???un syst??me d???information g??ographique, Apidologie, vol.35, issue.40, pp.351-365, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/00218839.1982.11100531

P. Jeanneret, D. Baumgartner, R. Freiermuth, and G. Gaillard, Méthode d " évaluation de l " impact des activités agricoles sur la biodiversité dans les bilans écologiques, 2006.

P. G. Kevan, Pollinators as bioindicators of the state of the environment: species, activity and diversity, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.74, issue.1-3, pp.373-393, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00044-4

D. Kleijn, R. A. Baquero, Y. Clough, M. Diaz, J. De-esteban et al., Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries, Ecology Letters, vol.12, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.243-254, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0305-7488(86)80146-3

D. Kleijn and F. Van-langevelde, Interacting effects of landscape context and habitat quality on flower visiting insects in agricultural landscapes, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.7, issue.3, pp.201-214, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.011

F. Kohler, J. Verhulst, R. Van-klink, and D. Kleijn, At what spatial scale do high-quality habitats enhance the diversity of forbs and pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes?, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.134, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-002-1128-9

D. Lefebvre, Approvisionnement en pollen et en nectar des colonies de bourdons B. terrestris. Ecologie comportementale et modélisation. Implication pour la pollinisation des fleurs de tomate en serre, p.pp, 2004.

L. Féon, V. Schermann-legionnet, A. Delettre, Y. Aviron, S. Billeter et al., Intensification of agriculture, landscape composition and wild bee communities: A large scale study in four European countries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.137, issue.1-2, pp.143-150, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2010.01.015

D. B. Lindenmayer and G. E. Likens, Direct Measurement Versus Surrogate Indicator Species for Evaluating Environmental Change and Biodiversity Loss, Ecosystems, vol.134, issue.1, pp.47-59, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.011

A. G. Manhoudt, H. A. De-haes, and G. R. De-snoo, An indicator of plant species richness of semi-natural habitats and crops on arable farms, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.109, issue.1-2, pp.166-174, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.006

E. J. Marshall and A. C. Moonen, Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.89, issue.1-2, pp.5-21, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00315-2

A. P. Møller and M. Eriksson, Pollinator Preference for Symmetrical Flowers and Sexual Selection in Plants, Oikos, vol.73, issue.1, pp.15-22, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/3545720

A. P. Møller and G. Sorci, Insect preference for symmetrical artificial flowers, Oecologia, vol.114, issue.1, pp.37-42, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050417

J. Noordijk, C. J. Musters, J. Van-dijk, and G. R. De-snoo, Vegetation development in sown field margins and on adjacent ditch banks. Plant Ecol, pp.157-167, 2011.

J. Odoux, Quels facteurs de paysage influent sur l'écologie des colonies d'abeilles dans un système de grandes cultures?, p.pp, 2009.

M. S. Percival, TYPES OF NECTAR IN ANGIOSPERMS, New Phytologist, vol.63, issue.2, pp.235-281, 1961.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02158524

S. F. Pernal and R. W. Currie, L.), Apidologie, vol.31, issue.3, pp.387-409, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/apido:2000130

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891721

S. F. Pernal and R. W. Currie, The influence of pollen quality on foraging behavior in honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.), Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.51, issue.1, pp.53-68, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s002650100412

Y. A. Phillis and L. A. Andriantiatsaholiniaina, Sustainability: an ill-defined concept and its assessment using fuzzy logic, Ecological Economics, vol.37, issue.3, pp.435-456, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00290-1

S. Plantureux and B. Amiaud, e-FLORA-sys, a website tool to evaluate the agronomical and environmental value of grasslands, 23th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, 2010.

R. F. Pywell, E. A. Warman, L. Hulmes, S. Hulmes, P. Nuttall et al., Effectiveness of new agri-environment schemes in providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes, Biological Conservation, vol.129, issue.2, pp.192-206, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.034

R. F. Pywell, W. R. Meek, L. Hulmes, S. Hulmes, K. L. James et al., Management to enhance pollen and nectar resources for bumblebees and butterflies within intensively farmed landscapes, Journal of Insect Conservation, vol.23, issue.6, pp.853-864, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01176.x

R. A. Robinson and W. J. Sutherland, Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.157-176, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x

O. Rollin, V. Bretagnolle, A. Decourtye, J. Aptel, N. Michel et al., Differences of floral resource use between honey bees and wild bees in an intensive farming system, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.179, pp.78-86, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00919063

T. H. Roulston and J. H. Cane, Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals, Plant Systematics and Evolution, vol.71, issue.18, pp.187-209, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00984102

T. H. Roulston, J. H. Cane, and S. L. Buchmann, What governs protein content of pollen: Pollinator preferences, pollen-pistil interactions, or phylogeny?, Ecol. Monogr, vol.70, pp.617-643, 2000.

M. Rundlöf, H. Nilsson, and H. G. Smith, Interacting effects of farming practice and landscape context on bumble bees, Biological Conservation, vol.141, issue.2, pp.417-426, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.011

W. Sadok, F. Angevin, J. Bergez, C. Bockstaller, B. Colomb et al., Ex ante assessment of the sustainability of alternative cropping systems: implications for using multi-criteria decision-aid methods. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.109, issue.2, pp.163-174, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0004-3702(99)00008-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886418

C. Sattler, U. J. Nagel, A. Werner, and P. Zander, Integrated assessment of agricultural production practices to enhance sustainable development in agricultural landscapes, Ecological Indicators, vol.10, issue.1, pp.49-61, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.014

P. Schippers and W. Joenje, Modelling the effect of fertiliser, mowing, disturbance and width on the biodiversity of plant communities of field boundaries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.351-365, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00339-5

M. H. Schmidt, A. Lauer, T. Purtauf, C. Thies, M. Schaefer et al., Relative importance of predators and parasitoids for cereal aphid control, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.270, issue.1527, pp.1905-1909, 2003.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2003.2469

Y. Shan, D. Paull, and R. I. Mckay, Machine learning of poorly predictable ecological data, Ecological Modelling, vol.195, issue.1-2, pp.129-138, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.015

D. C. Somerville, Nutritional Value of Bee Collected Pollens: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, p.166, 2001.

J. Spaethe, J. Tautz, and L. Chittka, Visual constraints in foraging bumblebees: Flower size and color affect search time and flight behavior, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, pp.3898-3903, 2001.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1995.0091

M. V. Srinivasan, Honey Bees as a Model for Vision, Perception, and Cognition, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.55, issue.1, pp.267-284, 2010.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ento.010908.164537

I. Steffan-dewenter, U. Munzenberg, C. Burger, C. Thies, and T. Tscharntke, SCALE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE CONTEXT ON THREE POLLINATOR GUILDS, Ecology, vol.83, issue.5, pp.1421-1432, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/2265819

J. Tautz, L'étonnante Abeille, p.278, 2009.

P. Tixier, E. Malézieux, M. Dorel, C. Bockstaller, and P. Girardin, Rpest???An indicator linked to a crop model to assess the dynamics of the risk of pesticide water pollution, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.26, issue.2, pp.71-81, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2006.08.006

T. Tscharntke, A. M. Klein, A. Kruess, I. Steffan-dewenter, and C. Thies, Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity ?????? ecosystem service management, Ecology Letters, vol.306, issue.8, pp.857-874, 2005.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511542077.015

E. L. West and T. M. Laverty, Effect of floral symmetry on flower choice and foraging behaviour of bumble bees, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.302, issue.4, pp.730-739, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/302422a0

A. Aboucaya, P. Jauzein, L. Vinciguerra, and M. Virevaire, Plan national d " action pour la conservation des plantes messicoles : rapport final, 2000.

M. A. Altieri, Agroecology: A new research and development paradigm for world agriculture, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.27, issue.1-4, pp.37-46, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-8809(89)90070-4

M. A. Altieri, Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture, 1995.

M. A. Altieri, Agroecology: the science of natural resource management for poor farmers in marginal environments, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.1-24, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00085-3

B. Amiaud, F. Pervanchon, and S. Plantureux, An expert model for predicting species richness in grasslands: Flora-predict. 13th International Occasional Symposium of the European-Grassland- Federation, 2005.

S. Arnold, L. Comber, S. C. Chittka, and L. , Flower color phenology in European grassland and woodland habitats, through the eyes of pollinators, Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.57, issue.3, pp.221-230, 2009.
DOI : 10.1560/IJPS.57.3.211

E. J. Asteraki, B. J. Hart, T. C. Ings, and W. J. Manley, Factors influencing the plant and invertebrate diversity of arable field margins, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.102, issue.2, pp.219-231, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2003.07.003

P. Aurousseau, Agrégation des paramètres et bases mathématiques de combinatoire de facteurs de risque, Barriuso , Estimation des risques environnementaux des pesticides, pp.57-74, 2003.

M. I. Avery, A. D. Evans, and L. H. Campbell, Can pesticides cause reductions in bird populations ? In Insect and bird interactions, H. F. van Emden and M. Rothschild. Intercept, pp.109-120, 2004.

S. Aviron, F. Burel, J. Baudry, and N. Schermann, Carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes: impacts of habitat features, landscape context at different spatial scales and farming intensity, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.108, issue.3, pp.205-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01458458

S. Bailey, F. Requier, B. Nusillard, S. P. Roberts, S. G. Potts et al., Distance from forest edge affects bee pollinators in oilseed rape fields, Ecology and Evolution, vol.143, issue.4, pp.370-380, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00966788

J. Banaszrak, Strategy for conservation of wild bees in an agricultural landscape, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.40, pp.176-192, 1992.

P. Barberi and B. Lo-cascio, Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition, Weed Research, vol.29, issue.4, pp.325-340, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00081-9

E. Barriuso, P. Benoit, and I. G. Dubus, Formation of Pesticide Nonextractable (Bound) Residues in Soil: Magnitude, Controlling Factors and Reversibility, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.42, issue.6, pp.42-1845, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/es7021736

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00641026

J. Baudry, A. Jouin, and C. Thenail, La diversité des bordures de champs dans les exploitations agricoles de pays de bocage, Etudes et Recherches sur les Systèmes Agraires et le Développement, pp.117-134, 1998.

C. Bedos, P. Cellier, R. Calvet, and E. Barriuso, Occurrence of pesticides in the atmosphere in France, Agronomie, vol.22, issue.1, pp.35-49, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2001004

T. G. Benton, J. A. Vickery, and J. D. Wilson, Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, pp.182-188, 2003.

R. Billeter, J. Liira, D. Bailey, R. Bugter, P. Arens et al., Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.141-150, 2008.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.00994.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00264032

N. Boatman and . Ed, Field margins: Integrating agriculture and conservation, 1994.

C. Bockstaller, M. Cariolle, M. B. Galan, L. Guichard, C. Leclercq et al., Evaluation agri-environnementale et choix des indicateurs : acquis, enjeux et pistes, Innovations Agronomiques, vol.31, pp.1-14, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189906

C. Bockstaller, M. B. Galan, M. Capitaine, B. Colomb, J. Mousset et al., Comment évaluer la durabilité des systèmes en production végétale ? Systèmes de culture innovants et durables: quelles méthodes pour les mettre au point et les évaluer, pp.29-51, 2008.

C. Bockstaller and P. Girardin, How to validate environmental indicators, Agricultural Systems, vol.76, issue.2, pp.639-653, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00053-7

C. Bockstaller and P. Girardin, Evaluation agri-environnementale des systèmes de culture : la méthode INDIGO®, Oléoscope, vol.85, pp.4-6, 2006.

C. Bockstaller, L. Guichard, D. Makowski, A. Aveline, P. Girardin et al., Agrienvironmental indicators to assess cropping and farming systems. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.139-149, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886428

C. Bockstaller, F. Lassere-joulin, S. Slezack-deschaumes, S. Piutti, J. Villerd et al., Assessing biodiversity in arable farmland by means of indicators: an overview. Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides, pp.137-144, 2011.

C. Bockstaller, J. Wohlfahrt, A. Huber, P. Hennebert, F. Zahm et al., Les indicateurs de risque de transfert de produits phytosanitaires et leur validation: exemple de l'indicateur I-PHY. Ingénieries, pp.103-114, 2008.

D. Braband, U. Geier, and U. Kopke, Bio-resource evaluation within agri-environmental assessment tools in different European countries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.98, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00101-4

N. Brisson, B. Mary, D. Ripoche, M. H. Jeuffroy, F. Ruget et al., STICS: a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I, pp.5-6, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885888

R. B. Brown, M. H. Carter, and G. R. Stephenson, Buffer zone and windbreak effects on spray drift deposition in a simulated wetland, Pest Management Science, vol.29, issue.11, pp.60-1085, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/ps.926

J. Broyer and J. Lauranson-broyer, Etude de la reproduction sexuée des végétaux dans les prairies de fauche inondables du Val de Saône (Ain) Acta Botanica Gallica, Botany Letters, vol.143, pp.4-5, 1996.
DOI : 10.1080/12538078.1996.10515732

URL : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/12538078.1996.10515732?needAccess=true

L. A. Brun, J. Maillet, J. Richarte, P. Herrmann, and J. C. Remy, Relationships between extractable copper, soil properties and copper uptake by wild plants in vineyard soils, Environmental Pollution, vol.102, issue.2-3, pp.151-161, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00120-1

W. Büchs, Biodiversity and agri-environmental indicators???general scopes and skills with special reference to the habitat level, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.98, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00070-7

W. Büchs, Biotic indicators for biodiversity and sustainable agriculture???introduction and background, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.98, issue.1-3, pp.1-16, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00068-9

U. Buczko and R. O. Kuchenbuch, Phosphorus indices as risk-assessment tools in the U.S.A. and Europe???a review, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol.70, issue.252, pp.445-460, 2007.
DOI : 10.13031/2013.18330

F. Burel, Landscape structure effects on carabid beetles spatial patterns in western France, Landscape Ecology, vol.42, issue.2, pp.215-226, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-81154-8

S. J. Butler, D. Brooks, R. E. Feber, J. Storkey, J. A. Vickery et al., A cross-taxonomic index for quantifying the health of farmland biodiversity, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.136, issue.6, pp.46-1154, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01709.x

J. Cambecèdes, G. Largier, and A. Lombard, Plan national d " actions en faveur des plantes messicoles, Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées ? Fédération des Conservatoires botaniques nationaux, 2012.

K. G. Cassman, Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: Yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.31, issue.1, pp.96-5952, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01063289

B. Chauvel, J. P. Guillemin, N. Colbach, and J. Gasquez, Evaluation of cropping systems for management of herbicide-resistant populations of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.), Crop Protection, vol.20, issue.2, pp.127-137, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00065-X

B. Chevassus-au-louis and M. Griffon, La nouvelle modernité: une agriculture productive à haute valeur écologique, Déméter: Économie et Stratégies Agricoles, pp.7-48, 2008.

J. C. Clément, L. Aquilina, O. Bour, K. Plaine, T. P. Burt et al., Hydrological flowpaths and nitrate removal rates within a riparian floodplain along a fourthorder stream in Brittany (France) Hydrological Processes, pp.1177-1195, 2003.

B. Clergué, Evaluation de l " impact des pratiques agricoles sur les fonctions de la biodiversité à l " aide d " indicateurs agri-environnementaux : Approche globale et développement d " un indicateur « résistance aux stress biotiques, Thèse, INPL, 2008.

B. Clergue, B. Amiaud, F. Pervanchon, F. Lasserre-joulin, and S. Plantureux, Biodiversity: function and assessment in agricultural areas. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.25, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2004049

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886277

K. L. Collins, N. D. Boatman, A. W. Wilcox, and J. M. Holland, Effects of different grass treatments used to create overwintering habitat for predatory arthropods on arable farmland, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.96, issue.1-3, pp.59-67, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00032-X

E. D. Concepción, M. Díaz, D. Kleijn, A. Báldi, P. Batáry et al., Interactive effects of landscape context constrain the effectiveness of local agri-environmental management, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.34, issue.Suppl 2, pp.695-705, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6

S. M. Cook, J. C. Sandoz, A. P. Martin, D. A. Murray, G. M. Poppy et al., Could learning of pollen odours by honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a role in their foraging behaviour? Physiological Entomology, pp.164-174, 2005.

M. Coppenet, J. Golven, J. C. Simon, L. Lecorre, and M. Leroy, ??volution chimique des sols en exploitations d'??levage intensif : exemple du Finist??re, Agronomie, vol.13, issue.2, pp.77-83, 1993.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19930201

R. Costanza, R. Arge, R. Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso et al., The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, vol.387, issue.6630, pp.253-260, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/387253a0

C. N. Critchley and J. A. Fowbert, Development of vegetation on set-aside land for up to nine years from a national perspective, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.79, issue.2-3, pp.159-174, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00155-3

C. N. Critchley, J. A. Fowbert, and A. J. Sherwood, The effects of annual cultivation on plant community composition of uncropped arable field boundary strips, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.113, issue.1-4, pp.196-205, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.05.013

C. N. Critchley, J. A. Fowbert, A. J. Sherwood, and R. F. Pywell, Vegetation development of sown grass margins in arable fields under a countrywide agri-environment scheme, Biological Conservation, vol.132, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.007

C. Perez and J. , Elaboration d'un indicateur permettant d'évaluer la valeur d'une prairie permanente en termes de production de pollen et de nectar, 2008.

D. Cauwer, B. Reheul, D. D-'hooghe, K. Nijs, I. Milbau et al., Evolution of the vegetation of mown field margins over their first 3 years, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.109, issue.1-2, pp.87-96, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.012

D. Cauwer, B. Reheul, D. D-'hooghe, K. Nijs, I. Milbau et al., Disturbance effects on early succession of field margins along the shaded and unshaded side of a tree lane, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.112, issue.1, pp.78-86, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.006

D. Cauwer, B. Reheul, D. Nijs, I. Milbau, and A. , Effect of margin strips on soil mineral nitrogen and plant biodiversity, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.26, issue.2, pp.117-126, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2006004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886331

G. R. De-snoo, Arable flora in sprayed and unsprayed crop edges, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.66, issue.3, pp.223-230, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00104-7

G. R. De-snoo, Unsprayed field margins: effects on environment, biodiversity and agricultural practice, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol.46, issue.1-3, pp.151-160, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00039-0

G. R. De-snoo and P. J. De-wit, Buffer Zones for Reducing Pesticide Drift to Ditches and Risks to Aquatic Organisms, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol.41, issue.1, pp.112-118, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/eesa.1998.1678

G. R. De-snoo and R. J. Van-der-poll, Effect of herbicide drift on adjacent boundary vegetation, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.73, issue.1, pp.1-6, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00008-0

A. Decourtye, P. Lecompte, J. Pierre, M. P. Chauzat, and P. Thiebeau, Introduction de jachères florales en zones de grandes cultures : comment mieux concilier agriculture biodiversité et apiculture, pp.33-56, 2007.

P. Dennis, M. Arndorfer, K. Balázs, D. Bailey, B. Boller et al., Conceptual foundations for biodiversity indicator selection for organic and lowinput farming systems, BIOBIO, p.184, 2009.

S. Diaz, J. Fargione, F. S. Chapin, and D. Tilman, Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being, PLoS Biology, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1300-1305, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040277.t001

M. Diekmann, Species indicator values as an important tool in applied plant ecology ??? a review, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.4, issue.6, pp.493-506, 2003.
DOI : 10.1078/1439-1791-00185

T. Doré, D. Makowski, E. Malezieux, N. Munier-jolain, M. Tchamitchian et al., Facing up to the paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: Revisiting methods, concepts and knowledge, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.34, issue.4, pp.197-210, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2011.02.006

J. Dover and T. Sparks, A review of the ecology of butterflies in British hedgerows, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.60, issue.1, pp.51-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.2000.0361

P. Duelli, Biodiversity evaluation in agricultural landscapes: An approach at two different scales, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.62, issue.2-3, pp.81-91, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01143-7

P. Duelli and M. K. Obrist, In search of the best correlates for local organismal biodiversity in cultivated area, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.7, issue.3, pp.297-309, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008873510817

P. Duelli and M. K. Obrist, Biodiversity indicators: the choice of values and measures, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.98, issue.1-3, pp.87-98, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00072-0

Z. Dzwonko, Assessment of light and soil conditions in ancient and recent woodlands by Ellenberg indicator values, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.4, issue.5, pp.942-951, 2001.
DOI : 10.1127/phyto/23/1993/277

L. Eggenschwiler and K. Jacot, Influence of mowing and seed mixture on the vegetation of fallows, Agrarforschung, vol.8, issue.8, pp.306-311, 2001.

L. Eggenschwiler, K. A. Jacot, and P. J. Edwards, Vegetation development and nitrogen dynamics of sown and spontaneous set-aside on arable land, Ecological Engineering, vol.35, issue.5, pp.890-897, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.024

M. Enea and G. Salemi, Fuzzy approach to the environmental impact evaluation, Ecological Modelling, vol.136, issue.2-3, pp.131-147, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00380-X

P. Ferron and J. P. Deguine, Crop protection, biological control, habitat management and integrated farming. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.17-24, 2005.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2004050

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886278

L. Firbank, Striking a new balance between agricultural production and biodiversity, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.163-175, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00064-X

C. Fontaine, I. Dajoz, J. Meriguet, and M. Loreau, Functional Diversity of Plant???Pollinator Interaction Webs Enhances the Persistence of Plant Communities, PLoS Biology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.129-135, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040001.t003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00133390

K. E. Freemark, C. Boutin, and C. J. Keddy, Importance of Farmland Habitats for Conservation of Plant Species, Conservation Biology, vol.2, issue.2, pp.399-412, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/3235930

D. D. French and R. P. Cummins, Classification, composition, richness and diversity of British hedgerows, Applied Vegetation Science, vol.75, issue.2, pp.213-228, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/03071375.1977.10590509

G. Fried, Variations spatiales et temporelles des communaut??s adventices des cultures annuelles en France, Thèse, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/3237076

G. Fried, X. Reboud, J. Gasquez, and M. Delos, «Biovigilance flore», a long-term french weed survey 20ème conférence du COLUMA Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, 2007.

S. Gaba, G. Fried, E. Kazakou, B. Chauvel, and M. L. Navas, Agroecological weed control using a functional approach: a review of cropping systems diversity, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.103-119, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00081-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234789

C. Gainel, Caractérisation de la notion de valeur patrimoniale au sein des Parcs Naturels Régionaux et quantification à l " aide d " un indicateur, 2003.

N. Gallai, J. M. Salles, J. Settele, and B. E. Vaissiere, Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline, Ecological Economics, vol.68, issue.3, pp.810-821, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01293686

A. Gardarin, C. Durr, and N. Colbach, Modeling the dynamics and emergence of a multispecies weed seed bank with species traits, Ecological Modelling, vol.240, pp.123-138, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.05.004

A. Gardarin, C. Dürr, and N. Colbach, Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits, Weed Research, vol.66, issue.2, pp.91-101, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00757.x

E. Garnier and M. L. Navas, A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.365-399, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930507

E. Gaujour, Evaluation des sources d'espèces et des déterminants de la diversité végétales des parcelles agricoles, 2010.

P. Girardin, C. Bockstaller, and H. Werf, Indicators: Tools to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Farming Systems, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, vol.3, issue.4, pp.5-21, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3246-6_8

P. Gosling and M. Shepherd, Long-term changes in soil fertility in organic arable farming systems in England, with particular reference to phosphorus and potassium, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.105, issue.1-2, pp.425-432, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2004.03.007

B. Gove, S. A. Power, G. P. Buckley, and J. Ghazoul, Effects of herbicide spray drift and fertilizer overspread on selected species of woodland ground flora: comparison between short-term and long-term impact assessments and field surveys, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.132, issue.2, pp.374-384, 2007.
DOI : 10.4141/P96-042

M. Griffon, Nourrir la planète, 2006.

J. P. Grime, Plant strategies and vegetation processes, 1979.

S. A. Hinsley and P. E. Bellamy, The influence of hedge structure, management and landscape context on the value of hedgerows to birds: A review, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.60, issue.1, pp.33-49, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.2000.0360

H. Hovd and A. Skogen, Plant species in arable field margins and road verges of central Norway, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.110, issue.3-4, pp.257-265, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.013

F. Janssens, Restauration des couverts herbacés riches en espèces, Thèse, 1998.

P. Jeanneret, D. Baumgartner, R. Freiermuth, and G. Gaillard, Méthode d " évaluation de l " impact des activités agricoles sur la biodiversité dans les bilans écologiques. Salca bd, p.67, 2006.

P. Julve, Baseflor Index botanique, écologique et chorologique de la Flore de France Programme Catminat, 1998.

M. Kaennel, Biodiversity: a diversity in definition Assessment of Biodiversity for Improved Forest Planning, 1998.

O. Keichinger, Evaluation de l " impact des pratiques agricoles d " exploitations de grandes cultures sur la valeur cynégétique à l " aide d " indicateurs agro-écologiques, 2001.

D. Kleijn, W. Joenje, D. Coeur, and E. J. Marshall, Similarities in vegetation development of newly established herbaceous strips along contrasting European field boundaries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.68, issue.1-2, pp.13-26, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00098-4

D. Kleijn and G. I. Snoeijing, Field Boundary Vegetation and the Effects of Agrochemical Drift: Botanical Change Caused by Low Levels of Herbicide and Fertilizer, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1413-1425, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2405258

D. Kleijn and F. Van-langevelde, Interacting effects of landscape context and habitat quality on flower visiting insects in agricultural landscapes, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.7, issue.3, pp.201-214, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.011

D. Kleijn and M. Verbeek, Factors affecting the species composition of arable field boundary vegetation, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.37, issue.2, pp.256-266, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00486.x

A. M. Klein, B. Vaissière, J. H. Cane, I. Steffan-dewenter, S. A. Cunningham et al., Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, pp.274-303, 1608.
DOI : 10.1093/jee/72.1.36

M. Kleyer, R. M. Bekker, I. C. Knevel, J. P. Bakker, K. Thompson et al., The LEDA Traitbase: a database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora, Journal of Ecology, vol.428, issue.6, pp.1266-1274, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-96108-3

L. Bris and C. , Création d " un indicateur de qualité écologique des bords de champs en plaines céréalières, 2009.

L. Coeur, D. Baudry, J. Burel, and F. , Field margins plant assemblages: variation partitioning between local and landscape factors, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol.37, issue.1-2, pp.57-71, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00370-2

L. Feon, V. Schermann-legionnet, A. Delettre, Y. Aviron, S. Billeter et al., Intensification of agriculture, landscape composition and wild bee communities: A large scale study in four European countries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.137, issue.1-2, pp.143-150, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2010.01.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00528867

L. Guyader and H. , La biodiversité : un concept flou ou une réalité scientifique ? Courrier de l'environnement de l'INRA, pp.7-26, 2008.

L. Roux, X. Barbault, R. Baudry, J. Burel, F. Doussan et al., Agriculture et biodiversité, 2008.

. Ecologie-comportementale-et-modélisation, Implication pour la pollinisation des fleurs de tomate en serre, Thèse, Université de Rennes 1

G. Lemaire and B. Nicolardot, La maîtrise de l'azote dans les agrosystèmes, 1997.

H. Levrel, Quels indicateurs pour la gestion de la biodiversité. Paris, Institut français de la biodiversité, 2007.

D. B. Lindenmayer and G. E. Likens, Direct Measurement Versus Surrogate Indicator Species for Evaluating Environmental Change and Biodiversity Loss, Ecosystems, vol.134, issue.1, pp.47-59, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.011

J. M. Machet, F. Laurent, J. Y. Chapot, T. Dore, and A. Dulout, Maîtrise de l'azote dans les intercultures et les jachères, Maîtrise de l'azote dans les agrosystèmes. G. Lemaire and B. Nicolardot. Versailles, pp.271-288, 1997.

I. C. Madakadze, K. A. Stewart, P. R. Peterson, B. E. Coulman, and D. L. Smith, Cutting Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Switchgrass in a Short Season Area, Crop Science, vol.39, issue.2, pp.552-557, 1999.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900020041x

D. Magda and M. Jarry, - a demographic approach, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.66, issue.4, pp.485-492, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/plb.1997.46.4.387

A. E. Magurran, Measuring biological diversity, Blackwell Science, vol.264, 2004.

D. Makowski and H. Monod, Analyse statistique des risques agro-environnementaux : Etudes de cas, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-2-8178-0251-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173742

R. H. Marrs, A. J. Frost, R. A. Plant, and P. Lunnis, Determination of Buffer Zones to Protect Seedlings of Nontarget Plants from the Effects of Glyphosate Spray Drift, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, vol.45, pp.3-4, 1993.

E. J. Marshall, Distribution Patterns of Plants Associated with Arable Field Edges, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.26, issue.1, pp.247-257, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2403665

E. J. Marshall, Biodiversity, herbicides and non-target plants. Bcpc Conference -Weeds, pp.855-862, 2001.

E. J. Marshall, J. Baudry, F. Burel, W. Joenje, B. Gerowitt et al., Field Boundary Habitats for Wildlife Crop, and Environmental Protection, Landscape Ecology in Agroecosystems Management, pp.219-247, 2002.

E. J. Marshall, T. M. West, and D. Kleijn, Impacts of an agri-environment field margin prescription on the flora and fauna of arable farmland in different landscapes, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.113, issue.1-4, pp.1-4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.036

E. J. Marshall and A. C. Moonen, Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.89, issue.1-2, pp.5-21, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00315-2

P. Meerts, La régression des plantes messicoles en Belgique, Faut-il sauver les mauvaises herbes, Conservatoire Botanique de Gap-Charance, pp.49-55, 1993.

H. Meiss, N. Munier-jolain, F. Henriot, and J. Caneill, Effects of biomass, age and functional traits on regrowth of arable weeds after cutting, Journal of Plant Diseases, pp.493-499, 2008.

A. Messéan, E. Lô-pelzer, C. Bockstaller, C. Lamine, and F. Angevin, Outils d'évaluation et d'aide à la conception de stratégies innovantes de protection des grandes cultures, Innovations Agronomiques, vol.8, pp.69-81, 2010.

A. Meyer-aurich, P. Zander, and M. Hermann, Consideration of biotic nature conservation targets in agricultural land use???a case study from the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.98, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00111-7

S. Meyer, B. Krause, K. Wesche, and C. Leuschner, Changes in central german arable weed communities over the last 50 years -a semi-quantitative study, 15th European Weed Research Society Symposium. EWRS, Kaposvár (Hungary), 2010.

D. Mézière, S. Petit, S. Granger, L. Biju-duval, and N. Colbach, Developing a set of simulationbased indicators to assess harmfulness and contribution to biodiversity of weed communities in cropping systems, 2014.

G. Mitchell, A. May, M. Donald, and A. , PICABUE: a methodological framework for the development of indicators of sustainable development, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, vol.38, issue.2, pp.104-123, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/1310258

A. C. Moonen and E. J. Marshall, The influence of sown margin strips, management and boundary structure on herbaceous field margin vegetation in two neighbouring farms in southern England, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.86, issue.2, pp.187-202, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00283-8

N. M. Munier-jolain, S. H. Guyot, and N. Colbach, A 3D model for light interception in heterogeneous crop:weed canopies: Model structure and evaluation, Ecological Modelling, vol.250, pp.101-110, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.10.023

R. F. Noss, Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach, Conservation Biology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.355-364, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-2856-8

A. Ouin, G. Paillat, A. Butet, and F. Burel, Spatial dynamics of wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) in agricultural landscape under intensive use in the Mont, 2000.

W. A. Ozinga, R. M. Bekker, J. H. Schaminee, and J. M. Van-groenendael, Dispersal potential in plant communities depends on environmental conditions, Journal of Ecology, vol.1, issue.5, pp.92-767, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01096-3

S. Payraudeau and H. M. Van-der-werf, Environmental impact assessment for a farming region: a review of methods, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.107, issue.1, pp.1-19, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2004.12.012

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01460798

A. Peeters, J. F. Maljean, K. Biala, and V. Brouckaert, Les indicateurs de biodiversitépour les prairies : un outil d'évaluation de la durabilité des systèmes d'élevage. Fourrages, pp.217-232, 2004.

F. Pervanchon, Modélisation de l " effet des pratiques agricoles sur la diversité végétale et la valeur agronomique des prairies permanentes en vue de l " élaboration d " indicateurs agrienvironnementaux, 2004.

S. Petit and F. Burel, Effects of landscape dynamics on the metapopulation of a ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in a hedgerow network, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.69, issue.3, pp.243-252, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(98)00111-X

S. Plantureux and B. Amiaud, e-FLORA-sys, a website tool to evaluate the agronomical and environmental value of grasslands, 23th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. 23th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, 2010.

S. Plantureux, S. Oberlé, A. Guckert, and R. Bonischot, Influence du drainage sur la composition floristique et la physionomie des prairies permanentes. Conditions et effets des excès d " eau en agriculture, pp.439-448, 1985.

S. G. Potts, B. Vulliamy, A. Dafni, G. Ne-"-eman, and P. Willmer, LINKING BEES AND FLOWERS: HOW DO FLORAL COMMUNITIES STRUCTURE POLLINATOR COMMUNITIES?, Ecology, vol.84, issue.10, pp.2628-2642, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/3544376

A. Pouvreau and R. Marilleau, L " élevage des bourdons. Leur utilisation pour la pollinisation des plantes, 1980.

R. F. Pywell, J. M. Bullock, D. B. Roy, L. I. Warman, K. J. Walker et al., Plant traits as predictors of performance in ecological restoration, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.64, issue.1, pp.65-77, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/2258775

R. F. Pywell, E. A. Warman, L. Hulmes, S. Hulmes, P. Nuttall et al., Effectiveness of new agri-environment schemes in providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes, Biological Conservation, vol.129, issue.2, pp.192-206, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.034

C. Raunkiaer, The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography (collected translated papers of C.Raunkiaer), 1934.

T. H. Ricketts, J. Regetz, I. Steffan-dewenter, S. A. Cunningham, C. Kremen et al., Landscape effects on crop pollination services: are there general patterns ? Ecology Letters, pp.499-515, 2008.

C. Ricou, C. Schneller, B. Amiaud, S. Plantureux, and C. Bockstaller, A vegetation-based indicator to assess the pollination value of field margin flora, Ecological Indicators, vol.45, pp.320-331, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.022

M. M. Riemens, T. Dueck, and C. Kempenaar, Predicting sublethal effects of herbicides on terrestrial non-crop plant species in the field from greenhouse data, Environmental Pollution, vol.155, issue.1, pp.141-149, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.034

M. M. Riemens, T. Dueck, C. Kempenaar, L. A. Lotz, and M. J. Kropff, Sublethal effects of herbicides on the biomass and seed production of terrestrial non-crop plant species, influenced by environment, development stage and assessment date, Environmental Pollution, vol.157, issue.8-9, pp.8-9, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.037

J. Riley, The indicator explosion: local needs and international challenges, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.87, issue.2, pp.119-120, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00271-7

R. A. Robinson and W. J. Sutherland, Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.157-176, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x

S. Rollet, Développement et évaluation d'indicateurs de biodiversité pour évaluer les fonctions écosystémiques des prairies permanentes, 2008.

J. Roquel, Quels sont les indicateurs disponibles pour gérer la biodiversité à l " échelle de l " exploitation d'élevage Mémoire de Stage de fin d " études d " ingénieur agronome de l, ENSAIA spécialisation DEFI, vol.39, 2008.

J. Rosnoblet, P. Girardin, E. Weinzaepflen, and C. Bockstaller, Analysis of 15 years of agriculture sustainability evaluation methods, 2006.

W. Sadok, F. Angevin, J. E. Bergez, C. Bockstaller, B. Colomb et al., MASC, a qualitative multi-attribute decision model for ex ante assessment of the sustainability of cropping systems, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.59, issue.59, pp.29-447, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00017-7

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886501

C. Sattler, U. J. Nagel, A. Werner, and P. Zander, Integrated assessment of agricultural production practices to enhance sustainable development in agricultural landscapes, Ecological Indicators, vol.10, issue.1, pp.49-61, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.014

A. P. Schaffers and K. V. Sykora, Reliability of Ellenberg indicator values for moisture, nitrogen and soil reaction: a comparison with field measurements, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.5, issue.2, pp.225-244, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-0203-2

A. Schärlig, Décider sur plusieurs critères : panorama de l " aide à la décision multicritère, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, 1990.

M. Schiavon, C. Perringanier, and J. M. Portal, La pollution de l'eau par les produits phytosanitaires : ??tat et origine, Agronomie, vol.15, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 1995.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19950301

URL : http://www.agronomy-journal.org/articles/agro/pdf/1995/03/Agronomie_0249-5627_1995_15_3-4_ART0001.pdf

P. Schippers and W. Joenje, Modelling the effect of fertiliser, mowing, disturbance and width on the biodiversity of plant communities of field boundaries, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00339-5

C. Schneller, Développement et validation d " un indicateur de la valeur pollinisatrice des bordures de champs en grandes cultures, 2011.

C. E. Shannon and W. Weaver, The mathematical theory of communities, 1949.

E. H. Simpson, Measurement of Diversity, Nature, vol.163, issue.4148, p.688, 1949.
DOI : 10.1038/163688a0

H. Smith, L. G. Firbank, and D. W. Macdonald, Uncropped edges of arable fields managed for biodiversity do not increase weed occurrence in adjacent crops, Biological Conservation, vol.89, issue.1, pp.107-111, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00125-6

D. C. Somerville, Nutritional Value of Bee Collected Pollens: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 2001.

J. Stewart, La modélisation en biologie In : Enquête sur le concept de modèle, pp.43-66, 2002.

C. Stoate, N. D. Boatman, R. J. Borralho, C. R. Carvalho, G. R. De-snoo et al., Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.63, issue.4, pp.337-365, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jema.2001.0473

J. Swets, Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems, Science, vol.240, issue.4857, pp.1285-1293, 1988.
DOI : 10.1126/science.3287615

M. J. Swift, A. M. Izac, and M. Van-noordwijk, Biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes???are we asking the right questions?, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.104, issue.1, pp.113-134, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.013

C. Thenail, A. Joannon, M. Capitaine, V. Souchere, C. Mignolet et al., The contribution of crop-rotation organization in farms to crop-mosaic patterning at local landscape scales, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.131, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00419540

D. Tilman, K. G. Cassman, P. A. Matson, R. Naylor, and S. Polasky, Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices, Nature, vol.1, issue.6898, pp.418-671, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00162-6

D. Tilman, P. B. Reich, J. Knops, D. Wedin, T. Mielke et al., Diversity and Productivity in a Long-Term Grassland Experiment, Science, vol.294, issue.5543, pp.843-845, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1060391

T. Tscharntke, A. M. Klein, A. Kruess, I. Steffan-dewenter, and C. Thies, Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity ?????? ecosystem service management, Ecology Letters, vol.306, issue.8, pp.857-874, 2005.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511542077.015

S. Tsiouris and E. J. Marshall, Observations on patterns of granular fertiliser deposition beside hedges and its likely effects on the botanical composition of field margins, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.115-127, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/2257690

D. Van-dorp, P. Schippers, and J. M. Van-groenendael, Migration rates of grassland plants along corridors in fragmented landscapes assessed with a cellular automation model, Landscape Ecology, vol.53, issue.2, pp.39-50, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-2318-1_1

M. K. Van-ittersum and M. Donatelli, Modelling cropping systems???highlights of the symposium and preface to the special issues, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00095-3

M. Vanschepdael, Valeur des prairies permanentes pour les insectes pollinisateurs, 2010.

P. Viaux, Une 3e voie en Grande Culture -Environnement, 1999.

A. C. Weibull and O. Ostman, Species composition in agroecosystems: The effect of landscape, habitat, and farm management, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.349-361, 2003.
DOI : 10.1078/1439-1791-00173

A. C. Weibull, O. Ostman, and A. Granqvist, Species richness in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat and farm management, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.12, issue.7, pp.1335-1355, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1023617117780

D. B. Westbury, B. A. Woodcock, S. J. Harris, V. K. Brown, and S. G. Potts, The effects of seed mix and management on the abundance of desirable and pernicious unsown species in arable buffer strip communities, Weed Research, vol.81, issue.2, pp.113-123, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2007.08.006

A. Wezel, S. Bellon, T. Dore, C. Francis, D. Vallod et al., Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.23, issue.4, pp.503-515, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.09.009

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886499

A. Wezel, M. Casagrande, F. Celette, J. Vian, A. Ferrer et al., Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.1-20, 2014.
DOI : 10.4141/CJSS07102

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234800

D. W. Williams, L. L. Jackson, and D. D. Smith, Effects of Frequent Mowing on Survival and Persistence of Forbs Seeded into a Species-Poor Grassland, Restoration Ecology, vol.40, issue.1, pp.24-33, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/177492

W. Wingerden, A. Kreveld, and W. Bongeré, Analysis of species composition and abundance of grasshoppers (Orth., Acrididae) in natural and fertilized grasslands, Journal of Applied Entomology, vol.12, issue.4, pp.138-152, 1992.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1967.tb02068.x

W. Zhang, T. H. Ricketts, C. Kremen, K. Carney, and S. M. Swinton, Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture, Ecological Economics, vol.64, issue.2, pp.253-260, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024