D. Ackerly, Self-shading, carbon gain and leaf dynamics: a test of alternative optimality models, Oecologia, vol.119, issue.3, pp.300-310, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050790

D. D. Ackerly and F. A. Bazzaz, Leaf dynamics, self-shading and carbon gain in seedlings of a tropical pioneer tree, Oecologia, vol.36, issue.3, pp.289-298, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00328814

R. .. Allen, L. .. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, issue.56, 1998.

A. C. Almeida, J. J. Landsberg, and P. J. Sands, Parameterisation of 3-PG model for fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.179-195, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.029

P. A. Arp and T. Oja, A forest soil vegetation atmosphere model (ForSVA), I: Concepts, Ecological Modelling, vol.95, issue.2-3, pp.211-224, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00036-1

M. Battaglia, M. Cherry, C. Beadle, P. Sands, and A. Hingston, Prediction of leaf area index in eucalypt plantations: effects of water stress and temperature, Tree Physiology, vol.18, issue.8-9, pp.521-528, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/18.8-9.521

M. Battaglia, P. Sands, D. White, and D. Mummery, CABALA: a linked carbon, water and nitrogen model of forest growth for silvicultural decision support, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.251-282, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.033

V. Bellassen, G. Le-maire, J. Dhote, P. Ciais, and N. Viovy, Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model???Part 1: Model structure and general behaviour, Ecological Modelling, vol.221, issue.20, pp.2458-2474, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.008

V. Bellassen, G. Le-maire, O. Guin, J. Dhote, P. Ciais et al., Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model???Part 2: Model validation from a tree to a continental scale, Ecological Modelling, vol.222, issue.1, pp.57-75, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000729

E. Bosatta and G. Agren, Theoretical analyses of carbon and nutrient dynamics in soil profiles, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.28, issue.10-11, pp.10-11, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00167-8

A. Botta, N. Viovy, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, and P. Monfray, A global prognostic scheme of leaf onset using satellite data, Global Change Biology, vol.11, issue.2, pp.709-725, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/97GB00330

A. Bradley, V. Gerard, F. , F. Barbier, N. Weedon et al., Relationships between phenology, radiation and precipitation in the Amazon region, Global Change Biology, vol.329, issue.6, pp.2245-2260
DOI : 10.1126/science.1192666

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00675178

N. Breda, The leaf area index of forest canopies: measurement, variability and functional role, Revue Forestiere Francaise, vol.51, issue.2, pp.135-150, 1999.

B. F. Chabot and D. J. Hicks, The Ecology of Leaf Life Spans, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.13, issue.1, pp.229-259, 1982.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001305

B. J. Chouhury and J. L. Monteith, A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.7, issue.480, pp.373-398, 1988.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800020007x

M. Corbeels, R. Mcmurtrie, D. Pepper, and A. Connell, A process-based model of nitrogen cycling in forest plantations, Ecological Modelling, vol.187, issue.4, pp.426-448, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.09.005

M. Corbeels, R. Mcmurtrie, D. Pepper, and A. Connell, A process-based model of nitrogen cycling in forest plantations, Ecological Modelling, vol.187, issue.4, pp.449-474, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.004

R. Annunzio, B. Zeller, M. Nicolas, J. F. Dhote, and L. Saint-andre, Decomposition of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) litter: Combining quality theory and 15N labelling experiments, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.40, issue.2, pp.322-333, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195004

H. Davi, C. Barbaroux, E. Dufrene, C. Francois, P. Montpied et al., Modelling leaf mass per area in forest canopy as affected by prevailing radiation conditions, Ecological Modelling, vol.211, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.012

H. Davi, E. Dufrene, A. Granier, L. Dantec, V. Barbaroux et al., Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest part ii: Validation of the main processes from organ to stand scale, Ecological Modelling, vol.185, pp.2-4, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00392179

N. Delpierre, Etude du déterminisme des variations interannuelles deséchangesdes´deséchanges carbonés entre lesécosystèmesles´lesécosystèmes forestiers européens et l'atmosphère : une approche basée sur la modélisation des processus, 2009.

N. Delpierre, E. Dufrene, K. Soudani, E. Ulrich, S. Cecchini et al., Modelling interannual and spatial variability of leaf senescence for three deciduous tree species in France, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.149, issue.6-7, pp.6-7, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.11.014

J. F. Dhote, A model of even-aged beech stands productivity with process-based interpretations, Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.53, issue.1, pp.1-20, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19960101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883029

E. Dufrene, H. Davi, C. Francois, G. Le-maire, L. Dantec et al., Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest part i: Model description and uncertainty analysis on modelled nee, Ecological Modelling, vol.185, pp.2-4, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00392159

J. R. England and P. M. Attiwill, Changes in leaf morphology and anatomy with tree age and height in the broadleaved evergreen species, Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell, Trees, vol.7, issue.1, pp.79-90, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-22627-8

J. Fisher, Y. Malhi, D. Bonal, H. R. Rocha, A. C. Araujo et al., The land??????atmosphere water flux in the tropics, Global Change Biology, vol.113, issue.11, pp.2694-2714, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/16.4.417

Y. Fracheboud, V. Luquez, L. Bjorken, A. Sjodin, H. Tuominen et al., The Control of Autumn Senescence in European Aspen, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.149, issue.4, pp.1982-1991, 2009.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.108.133249

S. T. Gower, C. J. Kucharik, and J. M. Norman, Direct and Indirect Estimation of Leaf Area Index, fAPAR, and Net Primary Production of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.70, issue.1, pp.29-51, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00056-5

A. Granier, P. Biron, and D. Lemoine, Water balance, transpiration and canopy conductance in two beech stands, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.100, issue.4, pp.291-308, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00151-3

A. Granier, N. Breda, P. Biron, and S. Villette, A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands, Ecological Modelling, vol.116, issue.2-3, pp.269-283, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00205-1

T. E. Harris, The Theory of Branching Processes, 1963.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-51866-9

K. Hikosaka, Leaf Canopy as a Dynamic System: Ecophysiology and Optimality in Leaf Turnover, Annals of Botany, vol.95, issue.3, pp.521-533, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mci050

W. M. Jolly, R. Nemani, and S. W. Running, A generalized, bioclimatic index to predict foliar phenology in response to climate, Global Change Biology, vol.39, issue.4, pp.619-632, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0003:PASAOT>2.0.CO;2

M. Jung, M. Reichstein, P. Ciais, S. I. Seneviratne, J. Sheffield et al., Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply, Nature, vol.63, issue.7318, pp.951-954, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09396

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-00906004

K. Kikuzawa and M. Lechowicz, Ecology of leaf longevity, Ecological Research Monographs, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-4-431-53918-6

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, M. Samaniego, S. Wright, and . Dec, Decline of photosynthetic capacity with leaf age and position in two tropical pioneer tree species, American Journal of Botany, vol.89, issue.12, pp.1925-1932, 2002.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.89.12.1925

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, and S. Wright, Decline of Photosynthetic Capacity with Leaf Age in Relation to Leaf Longevities for Five Tropical Canopy Tree Species, American Journal of Botany, vol.84, issue.5, pp.702-708
DOI : 10.2307/2445906

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, and S. Wright, Seasonal leaf phenotypes in the canopy of a tropical dry forest: photosynthetic characteristics and associated traits, Oecologia, vol.109, issue.4, pp.490-498
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050109

J. P. Laclau, J. C. Almeida, J. L. Goncalves, L. Saint-andre, M. Ventura et al., Influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on leaf lifespan and allocation of above-ground growth in Eucalyptus plantations, Tree Physiology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.111-124, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1369526602000092

J. P. Laclau, J. P. Bouillet, and J. Ranger, Dynamics of biomass and nutrient accumulation in a clonal plantation of Eucalyptus in Congo, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.128, issue.3, pp.181-196, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00146-2

J. P. Laclau, J. Ranger, J. L. Goncalves, V. Maquere, A. V. Krusche et al., Biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in tropical eucalyptus plantations main features shown by intensive monitoring in congo and brazil, pp.1771-1785, 2010.

G. Le-maire, C. Marsden, W. Verhoef, F. J. Ponzoni, D. Lo-seen et al., Leaf area index estimation with modis reflectance time series and model inversion during full rotations of eucalyptus plantations. Remote sensing of environment, pp.586-599, 2011.

G. Le-maire, Y. Nouvellon, M. Christina, F. J. Ponzoni, J. L. Goncalves et al., Tree and stand light use efficiencies over a full rotation of single- and mixed-species Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.288, pp.31-42, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.005

F. Lebourgeois, J. C. Pierrat, V. Perez, C. Piedallu, S. Cecchini et al., Phenological timing in french temperate forests -a study on stands in the renecofor network, Revue Forestiere Francaise, vol.60, issue.3, 2008.

M. D. Lowman and H. Heatwole, Spatial and Temporal Variability in Defoliation of Australian Eucalypts, Ecology, vol.73, issue.1, pp.129-142, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/1938726

C. Marsden, Y. Nouvellon, J. Laclau, M. Corbeels, R. E. Mcmurtrie et al., Modifying the g'day processbased model to simulate the spatial variability of eucalyptus plantation growth on deep tropical soils, Forest Ecology and Management, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01540271

Y. Nouvellon, A. Begue, M. S. Moran, D. Lo-seen, S. Rambal et al., PAR extinction in shortgrass ecosystems: effects of clumping, sky conditions and soil albedo, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.105, issue.1-3, pp.21-41, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00194-5

Y. Nouvellon, J. P. Laclau, D. Epron, A. Kinana, A. Mabiala et al., Within-stand and seasonal variations of specific leaf area in a clonal Eucalyptus plantation in the Republic of Congo, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.259, issue.9, pp.1796-1807, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.023

T. Oja and P. A. Arp, A forest soil vegetation atmosphere model (ForSVA), II: Application to northern tolerant hardwoods, Ecological Modelling, vol.95, issue.2-3, pp.225-247, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00035-X

P. Olofsson, General branching processes with immigration, Journal of Applied Probability, vol.3, issue.04, pp.940-948, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4149(89)90075-6

E. W. Pook, Canopy Dynamics of Eucalyptus Maculata Hook. I. Distribution and Dynamics of Leaf Populations, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.32, issue.4, pp.387-403, 1984.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9840387

E. W. Pook, Hook. II. Canopy Leaf Area Balance, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.32, issue.4, pp.405-413, 1984.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9840405

E. W. Pook, Hook. III Effects of Drought, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.33, issue.1, pp.65-79, 1985.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9850065

E. W. Pook, Hook .IV. Contrasting Responses to Two Severe Droughts, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.34, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1986.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9860001

E. W. Pook, A. M. Gill, and P. H. Moore, Long-term Variation of Litter Fall, Canopy Leaf Area and Flowering in a Eucalyptus maculata Forest on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.45, issue.5, pp.737-755, 1997.
DOI : 10.1071/BT95063

A. Pornon, C. Marty, P. Winterton, and T. Lamaze, The intriguing paradox of leaf lifespan responses to nitrogen availability, Functional Ecology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.796-801
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00694.x

P. Reich, C. Uhl, M. Walters, L. Prugh, D. Ellsworth et al., LEAF DEMOGRAPHY AND PHENOLOGY IN AMAZONIAN RAIN FOREST: A CENSUS OF 40???000 LEAVES OF 23 TREE SPECIES, Ecological Monographs, vol.74, issue.1, pp.3-23, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026508610236

C. P. Reyer, S. Leuzinger, A. Rammig, A. Wolf, R. P. Bartholomeus et al., A plant's perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability, Global Change Biology, vol.106, issue.168, pp.75-89, 2013.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0901643106

A. D. Richardson, T. F. Keenan, M. Migliavacca, Y. Ryu, O. Sonnentag et al., Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.169, pp.156-173, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.012

T. Roetzer, M. Leuchner, and A. J. Nunn, Simulating stand climate, phenology, and photosynthesis of a forest stand with a process-based growth model, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.449-464
DOI : 10.1007/BF00397862

O. Roupsard, J. Dauzat, Y. Nouuellon, A. Deueau, L. Feintrenie et al., Cross-validating Sun-shade and 3D models of light absorption by a tree-crop canopy, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.148, issue.4, pp.549-564, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00322311

L. Saint-andré, Intégration des cycles biogéochimiques dans les modèles de croissancè a base dendrométrique. concepts -forces et limites de l'approche. HabiliationàHabiliation`Habiliationà, 2013.

L. Saint-andré, J. P. Laclau, P. Deleporte, J. L. Gava, J. L. Goncalves et al., Slash and litter management effects on eucalyptus productivity: a synthesis using a growth and yield modelling approach. Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests, Proceedings of workshops in Piracicaba (Brazil), pp.22-26, 2004.

L. Saint-andré, A. T. M-'bou, A. Mabiala, W. Mouvondy, C. Jourdan et al., Age-related equations for above- and below-ground biomass of a Eucalyptus hybrid in Congo, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.205, issue.1-3, pp.1-3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.006

J. Sainte-marie, A. Henrot, L. Saint-andré, M. Barrandon, Y. Nouvellon et al., Modeling the environmental and seasonal influence on canopy dynamic and litterfall of even-aged forest ecosystems by a model coupling growth & yield and process-based approaches, 2012 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications, pp.324-331, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/PMA.2012.6524853

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269351

W. J. Shuttleworth and J. S. Wallace, Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.25, issue.469, pp.839-855, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-8647-3

A. L. Silva, Y. Da-oliveira, G. B. De-alcantara, M. De-santos, M. Dos-quoirin et al., Chilling and frost tolerance in eucalypt leaves, Biociencias, vol.17, issue.1, pp.86-90, 2009.

J. Stape, D. Binkley, and M. Ryan, Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in Brazil, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.17-31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.020

R. Stoeckli, T. Rutishauser, D. Dragoni, J. O-'keefe, P. E. Thornton et al., Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol.10, issue.2, p.4021, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00784.x

H. Sverdrup, G. Thelin, M. Robles, I. Stjernquist, and J. Sorensen, Assessing nutrient sustainability of forest production for different tree species considering ca, mg, k, n and p at bjornstorp estate, sweden, Biochemistry, vol.81, issue.2, pp.219-238, 2006.

D. A. Van-veldhuizen and G. B. Lamont, Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Analyzing the State-of-the-Art, Evolutionary Computation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.125-147, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/4235.797969

G. Vincent, Leaf Life Span Plasticity in Tropical Seedlings Grown under Contrasting Light Regimes, Annals of Botany, vol.97, issue.2, pp.245-255, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1369526602000092

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00018868

Y. Vitasse, S. Delzon, C. C. Bresson, R. Michalet, and A. Kremer, Altitudinal differentiation in growth and phenology among populations of temperate-zone tree species growing in a common garden, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1259-1269, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10045-8

Y. Vitasse, S. Delzon, E. Dufrene, J. Y. Pontailler, J. M. Louvet et al., Leaf phenology sensitivity to temperature in european trees: Do within-species populations exhibit similar responses? Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.735-744, 2009.

Y. Vitasse, A. J. Porte, A. Kremer, R. Michalet, and S. Delzon, Responses of canopy duration to temperature changes in four temperate tree species: relative contributions of spring and autumn leaf phenology, Oecologia, vol.10, issue.1, pp.187-198, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-006-0072-4

P. Wallman, M. G. Svensson, H. Sverdrup, and S. Belyazid, ForSAFE???an integrated process-oriented forest model for long-term sustainability assessments, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.207, issue.1-2, pp.19-36, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.016

D. Whitehead and C. Beadle, Physiological regulation of productivity and water use in Eucalyptus: a review, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.113-140, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.026

I. Wright, P. Reich, J. Cornelissen, D. Falster, P. Groom et al., Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.90, issue.5, pp.411-421, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/11956860.2000.11682587

S. Wright and C. Van-schaick, Light and the Phenology of Tropical Trees, The American Naturalist, vol.143, issue.1, pp.192-199, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/285600

Z. X. Zhu, P. A. Arp, F. R. Meng, C. P. Bourque, and N. W. Foster, A Forest Nutrient Cycling and Biomass Model (ForNBM) based on year-round, monthly weather conditions, Ecological Modelling, vol.170, issue.1, pp.13-27, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00284-9

Z. X. Zhu, P. A. Arp, F. R. Meng, C. P. Bourque, and N. W. Foster, A forest nutrient cycling and biomass model (ForNBM) based on year-round, monthly weather conditions, part I: assumption, structure and processing, Ecological Modelling, vol.169, issue.2-3, pp.347-360, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00281-3

D. Ackerly, Self-shading, carbon gain and leaf dynamics: a test of alternative optimality models, Oecologia, vol.119, issue.3, pp.300-310, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050790

D. D. Ackerly and F. A. Et-bazzaz, Leaf dynamics, self-shading and carbon gain in seedlings of a tropical pioneer tree, Oecologia, vol.36, issue.3, pp.289-298, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00328814

G. Agren and E. Et-bosatta, Quality: A Bridge between Theory and Experiment in Soil Organic Matter Studies, Oikos, vol.76, issue.3, pp.522-528, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3546345

G. Agren, E. Bosatta, and J. Et-balesdent, Isotope discrimination during decomposition of organic matter : A theoretical analysis, America Journal, vol.60, issue.4, pp.1121-1126, 1996.

G. I. Agren and E. Et-bosatta, Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology : Understanding Element Cycles, 1998.

R. Allen, L. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop evapotranspiration : guidelines for computing crop water requirements., volume 56 de Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 1998.

A. C. Almeida, J. J. Landsberg, and P. J. Et-sands, Parameterisation of 3-PG model for fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.179-195, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.029

M. Alveteg, Dynamics of Forest Soil Chemistry, Thèse de doctorat, 1998.

P. A. Arp and T. Et-oja, A forest soil vegetation atmosphere model (ForSVA), I: Concepts, Ecological Modelling, vol.95, issue.2-3, pp.211-224, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00036-1

E. Assmann, The principles of forest yiel study, 1970.

M. Battaglia, M. Cherry, C. Beadle, P. Sands, and A. Et-hingston, Prediction of leaf area index in eucalypt plantations: effects of water stress and temperature, Tree Physiology, vol.18, issue.8-9, pp.8-9521, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/18.8-9.521

B. Battaglia, M. Sands, P. White, D. Et-mummery, and D. , CABALA: a linked carbon, water and nitrogen model of forest growth for silvicultural decision support, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.193, issue.1-2, pp.251-282, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.033

V. Bellassen, L. Maire, G. Dhote, J. Ciais, P. Et-viovy et al., Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model???Part 1: Model structure and general behaviour, Ecological Modelling, vol.221, issue.20, pp.2212458-2474, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.008

V. Bellassen, L. Maire, G. Guin, O. Dhote, J. Ciais et al., Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model???Part 2: Model validation from a tree to a continental scale, Ecological Modelling, vol.222, issue.1, pp.57-75, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000729

J. Bontemps and O. Et-bouriaud, Predictive approaches to forest site productivity: recent trends, challenges and future perspectives, Forestry, vol.35, issue.6, pp.109-128, 2014.
DOI : 10.1139/x05-149

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01268953

E. Bosatta and G. Et-agren, Theoretical analysis of decomposition of heterogeneous substrates, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.17, issue.5, pp.601-610, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(85)90035-5

E. Bosatta and G. Et-agren, Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Organic Matter of the Soil: A Generic Theory, The American Naturalist, vol.138, issue.1, pp.227-245, 1991.
DOI : 10.1086/285213

E. Bosatta and G. Et-agren, Theoretical analyses of carbon and nutrient dynamics in soil profiles, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.28, issue.10-11, pp.10-111523, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00167-8

E. Bosatta and G. Et-agren, Quality and irreversibility: constraints on ecosystem development, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, pp.203-210, 1487.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2001.1865

E. Bosatta and G. Et-agren, Exact solutions to the continuous-quality equation for soil organic matter turnover, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.224, issue.1, pp.97-105, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5193(03)00147-4

A. Botta, N. Viovy, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, and P. Et-monfray, A global prognostic scheme of leaf onset using satellite data, Global Change Biology, vol.11, issue.2, pp.709-725, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/97GB00330

A. Bradley, V. Gerard, F. , F. Barbier, N. Weedon et al., Relationships between phenology, radiation and precipitation in the Amazon region, Global Change Biology, vol.329, issue.6, pp.172245-2260, 2011.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1192666

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00675178

N. Breda, The leaf area index of forest canopies : measurement, variability and functional role. Revue Forestiere Francaise, pp.135-150, 1999.

H. Brezis, Analyse fonctionnelle : Théorie et applications, Collection Mathématiques Appliquées pour la Maîtrise. Collection Mathématiques Appliquées pour la Maîtrise. [Collection of Applied Mathematics for the Master's Degree]. Masson, 1983.

B. F. Chabot and D. J. Et-hicks, The Ecology of Leaf Life Spans, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.13, issue.1, pp.229-259, 1982.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001305

B. J. Chouhury and J. L. Et-monteith, A 4-layer model for the heat-budget of homogeneous land surfaces, Quarterly Journal of The Royal Meteorological Society, issue.480, pp.114373-398, 1988.

P. Colmez, Eléments d'analyse et d'algèbre (et de théorie des nombres), 2009.

M. Corbeels, R. Mcmurtrie, D. Pepper, and A. Connell, A process-based model of nitrogen cycling in forest plantations, Ecological Modelling, vol.187, issue.4, pp.426-448, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.09.005

M. Corbeels, R. Mcmurtrie, D. Pepper, and A. Connell, A process-based model of nitrogen cycling in forest plantations, Ecological Modelling, vol.187, issue.4, pp.449-474, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.004

R. Annunzio, Etude de la dynamique de la matière organique sous plantation clonale d'Eucalyptus au Congo, 2008.

R. Annunzio, B. Zeller, M. Nicolas, J. F. Dhote, and L. Et-saint-andre, Decomposition of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) litter: Combining quality theory and 15N labelling experiments, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.40, issue.2, pp.322-333, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195004

H. Davi, C. Barbaroux, E. Dufrene, C. Francois, P. Montpied et al., Modelling leaf mass per area in forest canopy as affected by prevailing radiation conditions, Ecological Modelling, vol.211, issue.3-4, pp.3-4339, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.012

H. Davi, E. Dufrene, A. Granier, L. Dantec, V. Barbaroux et al., Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest part 2 : Validation of the main processes from organ to stand scale, Ecological Modelling, vol.185, pp.2-4387, 2005.

K. Deimling, Ordinary Differential Equations in Banach Spaces, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol.596, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0091636

N. Delpierre, Etude du déterminisme des variations interannuelles des échanges carbonés entre les écosystèmes forestiers européens et l'atmosphère : une approche basée sur la modélisation des processus, Thèse de doctorat, 2009.

B. Demailly and J. , Analyse numérique et équations différentielles. Collection Grenoble sciences, 2006.

J. F. Dhote, A model of even-aged beech stands productivity with process-based interpretations, Annales des Sciences Foresti??res, vol.53, issue.1, pp.1-20, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/forest:19960101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883029

J. Dieudonné, Fondements de l'analyse moderne, volume 28 de Cahiers Scientifiques, 1963.

E. Dufrene, H. Davi, C. Francois, L. Maire, G. et al., Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest part 1 : Model description and uncertainty analysis on modelled nee, Ecological Modelling, vol.185, pp.2-4407, 2005.

F. L. Eichhorn, Beziehungen zwischen bestandshöhe und bestandsmasse, 1904.

J. R. England and P. M. Et-attiwill, Changes in leaf morphology and anatomy with tree age and height in the broadleaved evergreen species, Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell, Trees, vol.7, issue.1, pp.79-90, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-22627-8

G. D. Farquhar, S. V. Caemmerer, and J. A. Et-berry, A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species, Planta, vol.77, issue.1, pp.78-90, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00386231

J. Fisher, Y. Malhi, D. Bonal, H. R. Rocha, A. C. Araujo et al., The land-atmosphere water flux in the tropics, C. v. Global Change Biology, issue.11, pp.152694-2714, 2009.

Y. Fracheboud, V. Luquez, L. Bjorken, A. Sjodin, H. Tuominen et al., The Control of Autumn Senescence in European Aspen, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.149, issue.4, pp.1982-1991, 2009.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.108.133249

P. Georges, Rapport sur la science et la technologie n ? 27 : Cycles biogéochimiques et écosystèmes continentaux, 2007.

A. S. Goudie, Dust storms: Recent developments, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.90, issue.1, pp.89-94, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.007

S. T. Gower, C. J. Kucharik, and J. M. Et-norman, Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, f(apar), and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote sensing of environment, pp.29-51, 1999.

A. Granier, P. Biron, and D. Et-lemoine, Water balance, transpiration and canopy conductance in two beech stands, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.100, issue.4, pp.291-308, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00151-3

A. Granier, N. Breda, P. Biron, and S. Et-villette, A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands, Ecological Modelling, vol.116, issue.2-3, pp.269-283, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00205-1

T. E. Harris, The Theory of Branching Processes, Die Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 1963.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-51866-9

K. Hikosaka, Leaf Canopy as a Dynamic System: Ecophysiology and Optimality in Leaf Turnover, Annals of Botany, vol.95, issue.3, pp.521-533, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mci050

W. M. Jolly, R. Nemani, and S. W. Et-running, A generalized, bioclimatic index to predict foliar phenology in response to climate, Global Change Biology, vol.39, issue.4, pp.619-632, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0003:PASAOT>2.0.CO;2

M. Jung, M. Reichstein, P. Ciais, S. I. Seneviratne, J. Sheffield et al., Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply, Nature, vol.63, issue.7318, pp.467951-954, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09396

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-00906004

K. Kikuzawa and M. Et-lechowicz, Ecology of leaf longevity, Ecological Research Monographs, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-4-431-53918-6

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, M. Samaniego, and S. Wright, Decline of photosynthetic capacity with leaf age and position in two tropical pioneer tree species, American Journal of Botany, vol.89, issue.12, pp.1925-1932, 2002.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.89.12.1925

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, and S. Wright, Decline of Photosynthetic Capacity with Leaf Age in Relation to Leaf Longevities for Five Tropical Canopy Tree Species, American Journal of Botany, vol.84, issue.5, pp.702-708, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2445906

K. Kitajima, S. Mulkey, and S. Wright, Seasonal leaf phenotypes in the canopy of a tropical dry forest: photosynthetic characteristics and associated traits, Oecologia, vol.109, issue.4, pp.490-498, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050109

B. Laclau, J. P. Almeida, J. C. Goncalves, J. L. Saint-andre, L. Ventura et al., Influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on leaf lifespan and allocation of above-ground growth in Eucalyptus plantations, Tree Physiology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.111-124, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1369526602000092

J. P. Laclau, J. P. Bouillet, and J. Et-ranger, Dynamics of biomass and nutrient accumulation in a clonal plantation of eucalyptus in congo. Forest ecology and management, pp.181-196, 2000.

J. P. Laclau, J. Ranger, J. L. Goncalves, V. Maquere, A. V. Krusche et al., Biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in tropical eucalyptus plantations main features shown by intensive monitoring in congo and brazil. Forest ecology and management, pp.1771-1785, 2010.

S. Lang, Real analysis, 1983.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00742984

L. Maire, G. Marsden, C. Verhoef, W. Ponzoni, F. J. Lo-seen et al., Leaf area index estimation with modis reflectance time series and model inversion during full rotations of eucalyptus plantations. Remote sensing of environment, pp.586-599, 2011.

L. Maire, G. Nouvellon, Y. Christina, M. Ponzoni, F. J. Goncalves et al., Tree and stand light use efficiencies over a full rotation of single- and mixed-species Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.288, pp.31-42, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.005

F. Lebourgeois, J. C. Pierrat, V. Perez, C. Piedallu, S. Cecchini et al., Phenological timing in french temperate forests -a study on stands in the renecofor network, 2008.

M. D. Lowman, Leaf Growth Dynamics and Herbivory in Five Species of Australian Rain- Forest Canopy Trees, The Journal of Ecology, vol.80, issue.3, pp.433-447, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/2260689

M. D. Lowman and H. Et-heatwole, Spatial and Temporal Variability in Defoliation of Australian Eucalypts, Ecology, vol.73, issue.1, pp.129-142, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/1938726

S. Manzoni and A. Et-porporato, Soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization: Theory and models across scales, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.41, issue.7, pp.411355-1379, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.031

C. Marsden, Y. Nouvellon, J. Laclau, M. Corbeels, R. E. Mcmurtrie et al., Modifying the G???DAY process-based model to simulate the spatial variability of Eucalyptus plantation growth on deep tropical soils, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.301, pp.301-112, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.039

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01540271

Y. Bibliographie-nouvellon, A. Begue, M. S. Moran, D. Lo-seen, S. Rambal et al., PAR extinction in shortgrass ecosystems: effects of clumping, sky conditions and soil albedo, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.105, issue.1-3, pp.21-41, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00194-5

Y. Nouvellon, J. P. Laclau, D. Epron, A. Kinana, A. Mabiala et al., Within-stand and seasonal variations of specific leaf area in a clonal eucalyptus plantation in the republic of congo. Forest ecology and management, pp.1796-1807, 2010.

T. Oja and P. A. Et-arp, A forest soil vegetation atmosphere model (ForSVA), II: Application to northern tolerant hardwoods, Ecological Modelling, vol.95, issue.2-3, pp.225-247, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00035-X

P. Olofsson, General branching processes with immigration, Journal of Applied Probability, vol.3, issue.04, pp.940-948, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4149(89)90075-6

B. Perthame, Transport equations in biology, Frontiers in Mathematics, 2007.

H. Poincaré, La science et l'hypothèse. Champs sciences. Flammarion, 1902.

E. W. Pook, Canopy Dynamics of Eucalyptus Maculata Hook. I. Distribution and Dynamics of Leaf Populations, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.32, issue.4, pp.387-403, 1984.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9840387

E. W. Pook, Hook. II. Canopy Leaf Area Balance, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.32, issue.4, pp.405-413, 1984.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9840405

E. W. Pook, Hook. III Effects of Drought, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.33, issue.1, pp.65-79, 1985.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9850065

E. W. Pook, Hook .IV. Contrasting Responses to Two Severe Droughts, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.34, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1986.
DOI : 10.1071/BT9860001

E. W. Pook, A. M. Gill, and P. H. Et-moore, Long-term Variation of Litter Fall, Canopy Leaf Area and Flowering in a Eucalyptus maculata Forest on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.45, issue.5, pp.45737-755, 1997.
DOI : 10.1071/BT95063

A. Pornon, C. Marty, P. Winterton, and T. Et-lamaze, The intriguing paradox of leaf lifespan responses to nitrogen availability, Functional Ecology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.796-801, 2011.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00694.x

A. Quarteroni, R. Sacco, and F. Et-saleri, Méthodes numériques, Algorithmes, analyse et applications . [Algorithms, analysis and applications],Translated from the 1998 Italian original by Jean-Frédéric Gerbeau, 2007.

J. Bibliographie-ranger, Rapport sur la science et la technologie n ? 27 : Cycles biogéochimiques et écosystèmes continentaux, chapitre 5, pp.135-158, 2007.

J. Ranger and M. P. Et-turpault, Input-output nutrient budgets as a diagnostic tool for sustainable forest management. Forest ecology and management, pp.139-154, 1999.

P. Reich, C. Uhl, M. Walters, L. Prugh, and D. Ellsworth, LEAF DEMOGRAPHY AND PHENOLOGY IN AMAZONIAN RAIN FOREST: A CENSUS OF 40???000 LEAVES OF 23 TREE SPECIES, Ecological Monographs, vol.74, issue.1, pp.3-23, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026508610236

C. P. Reyer, S. Leuzinger, A. Rammig, A. Wolf, R. P. Bartholomeus et al., A plant's perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability, Global Change Biology, vol.106, issue.168, pp.75-89, 2013.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0901643106

T. Roetzer, M. Leuchner, and A. J. Et-nunn, Simulating stand climate, phenology, and photosynthesis of a forest stand with a process-based growth model, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.449-464, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00397862

O. Roupsard, J. Dauzat, Y. Nouuellon, A. Deueau, L. Feintrenie et al., Cross-validating sun-shade and 3d models of light absorption by a tree-crop canopy Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.549-564, 2008.

L. Saint-andré, Intégration des cycles biogéochimiques dans les modèles de croissance à base dendrométrique. concepts -forces et limites de l'approche, 2013.

L. Saint-andré, J. Laclau, J. Bouillet, P. Deleporte, A. Miabala et al., Integrative modelling approach to assess the sustainability of the eucalyptus plantations in congo, 2002.

L. Saint-andré, J. P. Laclau, P. Deleporte, J. L. Gava, J. L. Goncalves et al., Slash and litter management effects on eucalyptus productivity : a synthesis using a growth and yield modelling approach. Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests, Proceedings of workshops in Piracicaba (Brazil) and Bogor (Indonesia), pp.22-26, 2004.

B. Saint-andré, L. M-'bou, A. T. Mabiala, A. Mouvondy, W. Jourdan et al., Age-related equations for above-and below-ground biomass of a eucalyptus hybrid in congo. Forest ecology and management, pp.1-3199, 2005.

J. Sainte-marie, A. Henrot, L. Saint-andré, M. Barrandon, Y. Nouvellon et al., Modeling the environmental and seasonal influence on canopy dynamic and litterfall of even-aged forest ecosystems by a model coupling growth & yield and process-based approaches, 2012 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications, pp.324-331, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/PMA.2012.6524853

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269351

J. Sainte-marie, L. Saint-andré, Y. Nouvellon, J. Laclau, O. Roupsard et al., A new probabilistic canopy dynamics model (SLCD) that is suitable for evergreen and deciduous forest ecosystems, Special Issue of the 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA'12 ) Special Issue of PMA'12, pp.121-133, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.026

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01093569

W. J. Shuttleworth and J. S. Et-wallace, Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.25, issue.469, pp.839-855, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-8647-3

A. L. Silva, Y. Da-oliveira, G. B. De-alcantara, M. De-santos, M. Dos-quoirin et al., Chilling and frost tolerance in eucalypt leaves, Biociencias, vol.17, issue.1, pp.86-90, 2009.

J. Stape, D. Binkley, and M. Et-ryan, Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in brazil. Forest ecology and management, pp.17-31, 2004.

R. Stoeckli, T. Rutishauser, D. Dragoni, J. O-'keefe, P. E. Thornton et al., Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol.10, issue.2, p.4021, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00784.x

H. Sverdrup, Chemical weathering of soil minerals and the role of biological processes, Fungal Biology Reviews, vol.23, issue.4, pp.94-100, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fbr.2009.12.001

H. Sverdrup, G. Thelin, M. Robles, I. Stjernquist, and J. Et-sorensen, Assessing nutrient sustainability of forest production for different tree species considering ca, mg, k, n and p at bjornstorp estate, sweden, Biochemistry, issue.2, pp.81219-238, 2006.

G. Van-der-heijden, A. Legout, A. J. Midwood, C. Craig, B. Pollier et al., Mg and Ca root uptake and vertical transfer in soils assessed by an in situ ecosystem-scale multi-isotopic (Mg-26 & Ca-44) tracing experiment in a beech stand Plant and soil, pp.33-45, 2013.

D. A. Van-veldhuizen and G. B. Lamont, Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Analyzing the State-of-the-Art, Evolutionary Computation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.125-147, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/4235.797969

G. Vincent, Leaf Life Span Plasticity in Tropical Seedlings Grown under Contrasting Light Regimes, Annals of Botany, vol.97, issue.2, pp.245-255, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1369526602000092

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00018868

Y. Vitasse, S. Delzon, C. C. Bresson, R. Michalet, and A. Et-kremer, Altitudinal differentiation in growth and phenology among populations of temperate-zone tree species growing in a common garden, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.32, issue.5, pp.391259-1269, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10045-8

Y. Vitasse, S. Delzon, E. Dufrene, J. Y. Pontailler, J. M. Louvet et al., Leaf phenology sensitivity to temperature in european trees : Do within-species populations exhibit similar responses ? Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp.149735-744, 2009.

Y. Vitasse, A. J. Porte, A. Kremer, R. Michalet, and S. Et-delzon, Responses of canopy duration to temperature changes in four temperate tree species: relative contributions of spring and autumn leaf phenology, Oecologia, vol.10, issue.1, pp.161187-198, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-006-0072-4

P. Wallman, M. G. Svensson, H. Sverdrup, and S. Et-belyazid, Forsafe -an integrated process-oriented forest model for long-term sustainability assessments. Forest ecology and management, pp.19-36, 2005.

D. Whitehead and C. Et-beadle, Physiological regulation of productivity and water use in eucalyptus : a review. Forest ecology and management, pp.113-140, 2004.

I. Wright, P. Reich, J. Cornelissen, D. Falster, P. Groom et al., Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.90, issue.5, pp.411-421, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/11956860.2000.11682587

S. Wright and C. Et-van-schaick, Light and the Phenology of Tropical Trees, The American Naturalist, vol.143, issue.1, pp.192-199, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/285600

Z. X. Zhu, P. A. Arp, F. R. Meng, C. P. Bourque, and N. W. Foster, A Forest Nutrient Cycling and Biomass Model (ForNBM) based on year-round, monthly weather conditions, Ecological Modelling, vol.170, issue.1, pp.13-27, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00284-9

Z. X. Zhu, P. A. Arp, F. R. Meng, C. P. Bourque, and N. W. Foster, A forest nutrient cycling and biomass model (ForNBM) based on year-round, monthly weather conditions, part I: assumption, structure and processing, Ecological Modelling, vol.169, issue.2-3, pp.347-360, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00281-3

.. Liste-des-abréviations-edo-Équation-différentielle-ordinaire, 68 EDP équation aux dérivées partielles 52 LAI leaf area index, 11 SLCD Stand Leaf Cohorts Dynamics, vol.12, p.12

R. La-communauté-scientifique, travaille depuis trente ans à l'élaboration d'outils d'aide à la décision. Cependant, aucune approche de modélisation ne permet une évaluation simultanée de l'impact sur la forêt des changements globaux et de la gestion des services écosystémiques. L'élaboration d'une nouvelle génération de modèles dédiés au couplage sol-plante est indispensable pour aider les gestionnaires forestiers à adapter leurs pratiques sylvicoles face aux changements globaux. Les modèles phénoménologiques issus de la dendrométrie, points de départ de cette thèse, proposent des estimations de croissance et de production tenant compte des pratiques sylvicoles. Leur utilisation est limitée par leur dépendance à un indice de fertilité combinant de manière indifférenciée l