M. M. Al-hajeri, A. Saeed, M. Derks, J. Fuchs, T. Hantschel et al., Basin and Petroleum System Modeling, 2009.

C. J. Allègre and J. Luck, Osmium isotopes as petrogenetic and geological tracers, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.48, issue.1, pp.148-154, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90177-6

A. Anbar, R. Creaser, D. Papanastassiou, and G. Wasserburg, Rhenium in seawater: Confirmation of generally conservative behavior, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.56, issue.11, pp.4099-4103, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90021-A

A. Amrani, T. Zhang, Q. Ma, G. S. Ellis, and Y. Tang, The role of labile sulfur compounds in thermochemical sulfate reduction, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.72, issue.12, pp.2960-2972, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.022

A. Amrani, A. Deev, A. L. Sessions, Y. Tang, J. F. Adkins et al., The sulfur-isotopic compositions of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes as a proxy for thermochemical sulfate reduction, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.84, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.023

N. J. Bailey, C. R. Evans, and C. W. Milner, Applying Petroleum Geochemistry to Search for Oil; examples from Western Canada Basin, pp.2284-2294, 1974.

N. J. Bailey, A. M. Jobson, and M. A. Rogers, Bacterial degradation of crude oil: Comparison of field and experimental data, Chemical Geology, vol.11, issue.3, pp.203-221, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(73)90017-X

A. B. Barre, A. Prinzhover, and C. Allegre, Osmium isotops in the organic matter of crude oil and asphaltenes. Terra Abstr, 0199.

F. Behar, V. Beaumont, B. De, and H. L. Penteado, Rock-Eval 6 Technology: Performances and Developments, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, vol.53, issue.4, pp.111-134, 2001.
DOI : 10.2516/ogst:2001013

Z. Bing-quan, Z. Jing-lian, T. Xiang-lin, C. Xiang-yang, F. Cai-yuan et al., Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic features in organic matter from China and their implications for petroleum generation and migration, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.15, pp.2555-2570, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00608-1

P. Blanc and J. Connan, Preservation, degradation and destruction of trapped oil The petroleum system-from source to trap. AAPG memoir 60, pp.237-247, 2001.

M. M. Al-hajeri, A. Saeed, M. Derks, J. Fuchs, T. Hantschel et al., Basin and Petroleum System Modeling, 2009.

M. F. Ali, A. Bukhari, and M. Saleem, Trace metals in crude oils from Saudi Arabia, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, vol.22, issue.4, 1983.
DOI : 10.1021/i300012a034

M. F. Ali, A. Bukhari, A. A. Alhajj, and H. Perzanowski, Nickel and vanadyl porphyrins in Saudi Arabian crude oils, Energy & Fuels, vol.7, issue.2, pp.179-184, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/ef00038a003

A. Anbar, R. Creaser, D. Papanastassiou, and G. Wasserburg, Rhenium in seawater: Confirmation of generally conservative behavior, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.56, issue.11, pp.4099-4103, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90021-A

A. B. Barre, A. Prinzhover, and C. Allegre, Osmium isotops in the organic matter of crude oil and asphaltenes. Terra Abstr, 0199.

T. Barth, A. E. Borgund, A. L. Hopland, and A. Graue, Volatile organic acids produced during kerogen maturation??? amounts, composition and role in migration of oil, Organic Geochemistry, vol.13, issue.1-3, pp.461-465, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(88)90067-8

T. Barth and K. Bjørlykke, Organic acids from source rock maturation: generation potentials, transport mechanisms and relevance for mineral diagenesis, Applied Geochemistry, vol.8, issue.4, pp.325-337, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90002-X

J. L. Birck, M. R. Barman, and F. Capmas, Re-Os Isotopic Measurements at the Femtomole Level in Natural Samples, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.58, issue.8, pp.19-27, 1997.
DOI : 10.6028/jres.077A.040

P. Birkle, J. J. Aragón, E. Portugal, and J. L. Aguilar, Evolution and Origin of Deep Reservoir Water at the Activo Luna Oil Field, pp.457-484, 2002.

D. G. Brookins, Eh???pH diagrams for elements from Z = 40 to Z = 52: Application to the Oklo natural reactor, Gabon, Chemical Geology, vol.23, issue.1-4, pp.325-342, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(78)90086-4

D. G. Brookins, Rhenium as analog for fissiogenic technetium: Eh-pH diagram (25??C, 1 bar) constraints, Applied Geochemistry, vol.1, issue.4, pp.513-517, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0883-2927(86)90056-9

D. G. Brookins, Platinoid element Eh-pH diagrams (25 °C, 1 bar) in the systems, 1987.

V. Burkle-vitzthum, Etude expérimentale et modélisation cinétique de la pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures présents dans les pétroles, 2001.

I. Cartwright, T. R. Weaver, D. I. Cendón, L. K. Fifield, S. O. Tweed et al., Constraining groundwater flow, residence times, inter-aquifer mixing, and aquifer properties using environmental isotopes in the southeast Murray Basin, Australia, Applied Geochemistry, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1698-1709, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.006

F. Cassani and G. Eglinton, Organic geochemistry of Venezuelan extra-heavy crude oils 2. Molecular assessment of biodegradation, Chemical Geology, vol.91, issue.4, pp.315-333, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(91)90093-7

G. Caumette, C. Lienemann, I. Merdrignac, B. Bouyssiere, and R. Lobinski, Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.13, issue.3, pp.263-276, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/08843758908962261

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560750

G. V. Chilingarian, L. Buryakovsky, N. A. Eremenko, and M. V. Gorfunkel, Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas, 2005.

A. S. Cohen and F. G. Waters, Separation of osmium from geological materials by solvent extraction for analysis by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.332, issue.2-3, pp.269-275, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00226-7

A. S. Cohen, A. L. Coe, J. M. Bartlett, and C. J. Hawkesworth, Precise Re???Os ages of organic-rich mudrocks and the Os isotope composition of Jurassic seawater, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.167, issue.3-4, pp.159-173, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00026-6

D. Colodner, J. Edmond, and E. Boyle, Rhenium in the Black Sea: comparison with molybdenum and uranium, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.131, issue.1-2, pp.1-15, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00010-A

D. Colodner, J. Sachs, G. Ravizza, K. Turekian, J. Edmond et al., The geochemical cycle of rhenium: a reconnaissance, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.117, issue.1-2, pp.205-221, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90127-U

F. A. Cotton, S. G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Revised edition, 1999.

R. A. Creaser, D. A. Papanastassiou, and G. J. Wasserburg, Negative thermal ion mass spectrometry of osmium, rhenium and iridium, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.1, pp.397-401, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90427-7

R. A. Sannigrahi, P. Chacko, T. Selby, and D. , Further evaluation of the Re-Os geochronometer in organic-rich sedimentary rocks: a test of hydrocarbon maturation effects in the Exshaw Formation, 2002.

J. Crusius, S. Calvert, T. Pedersen, and D. Sage, Rhenium and molybdenum enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic and sulfidic conditions of deposition, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.145, issue.1-4, pp.65-78, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00204-X

R. A. Creaser, P. Sannigrahi, T. Chacko, and D. Selby, Further evaluation of the Re-Os geochronometer in organic-rich sedimentary rocks: a test of hydrocarbon maturation effects in the Exshaw Formation, 2002.

V. M. Cumming, Rhenium-osmium geochronology and geochemistry of ancient lacustrine sedimentary and petroleum systems (Thesis), 2012.

J. A. Curiale, A review of the occurrences and causes of migration-contamination in crude oil, Organic Geochemistry, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1389-1400, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00109-2

C. Demange, D. Banks, M. Boiron, and R. Michels, LA-ICP-MS analysis of trace metals in hydrocarbon fluid inclusions associated with ore deposits, Eur. Curr. Res. Fluid Inclusions, vol.60, 2011.

E. Ferrage, O. Vidal, R. Mosser-ruck, M. Cathelineau, and J. Cuadros, A reinvestigation of smectite illitization in experimental hydrothermal conditions: Results from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, American Mineralogist, vol.96, issue.1, pp.207-223, 2011.
DOI : 10.2138/am.2011.3587

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00680286

A. J. Finlay, D. Selby, M. J. Osborne, and D. Finucane, Fault-charged mantle-fluid contamination of United Kingdom North Sea oils: Insights from Re-Os isotopes: Figure 1., Geology, vol.38, issue.11, pp.979-982, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/G31201.1

A. J. Finlay, D. Selby, and M. J. Osborne, Re-Os geochronology and fingerprinting of United Kingdom Atlantic margin oil: Temporal implications for regional petroleum systems, Geology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.475-478, 2011.
DOI : 10.1130/G31781.1

R. M. Garrels and C. L. Christ, Solutions, minerals, and equilibria, 1965.

T. H. Giordano, Metal Transport in Ore Fluids by Organic Ligand Complexation, Organic Acids in Geological Processes, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-78356-2_11

A. Giraudeau, P. Lemoine, and M. Gross, Electrochemical oxidation of rhenium, Corrosion Science, vol.13, issue.6, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-938X(73)90028-0

K. C. Hackley, S. V. Panno, and T. F. Anderson, Chemical and isotopic indicators of groundwater evolution in the basal sands of a buried bedrock valley in the midwestern United States: Implications for recharge, rock-water interactions, and mixing, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.122, issue.7-8, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/B26574.1

G. R. Helz and M. K. Dolor, What regulates rhenium deposition in euxinic basins?, Chemical Geology, vol.304, issue.305, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.011

V. F. Hodge, K. H. Johannesson, and K. J. Stetzenbach, Rhenium, molybdenum, and uranium in groundwater from the southern Great Basin, USA: Evidence for conservative behavior, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.60, issue.17, pp.3197-3214, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00183-4

L. A. Jaffe, B. Peucker-ehrenbrink, and S. T. Petsch, Mobility of rhenium, platinum group elements and organic carbon during black shale weathering, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.198, issue.3-4, pp.339-353, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00526-5

B. Kendall, R. A. Creaser, C. R. Calver, T. D. Raub, and D. A. Evans, Correlation of Sturtian diamictite successions in southern Australia and northwestern Tasmania by Re???Os black shale geochronology and the ambiguity of ???Sturtian???-type diamictite???cap carbonate pairs as chronostratigraphic marker horizons, Precambrian Research, vol.172, issue.3-4, pp.301-310, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.05.001

Y. K. Kharaka and J. S. Hanor, Deep Fluids in the Continents: I. Sedimentary Basins, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, pp.1-48, 2003.

M. Koide, V. F. Hodge, J. S. Yang, M. Stallard, E. G. Goldberg et al., Some comparative marine chemistries of rhenium, gold, silver and molybdenum, Applied Geochemistry, vol.1, issue.6, pp.705-714, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0883-2927(86)90092-2

M. Koide, E. D. Goldberg, S. Niemeyer, D. Gerlach, V. Hodge et al., Osmium in marine sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.6, pp.1641-1648, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90135-R

S. Kressmann, Craquage thermique de melanges d'hydrocarbures a haute pression: etude cinetique experimentale et modelisation numerique, implications pour la geochimie petroliere, 1991.

P. Landais and M. Monthioux, Closed system pyrolysis : an efficient technique for simulating natural coal maturation, Fuel Processing Technology, vol.20, pp.123-132, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-3820(88)90013-6

P. Landais, J. Parnell, H. Kucha, P. Landais, and . Ed, Bitumens in ore deposits Bitumens in ore deposits, Special Publication n°9 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, pp.213-239, 1993.

S. Levasseur, J. Birck, and C. Allegre, Direct Measurement of Femtomoles of Osmium and the 187Os/186Os Ratio in Seawater, Science, vol.282, issue.5387, pp.272-274, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5387.272

S. Levasseur, J. Birck, and C. Allegre, The osmium riverine flux and the oceanic mass balance of osmium, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.174, issue.1-2, pp.7-23, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00259-9

M. D. Lewan, J. B. Fisher, E. D. Pittman, and M. D. Lewan, Organic Acids from Petroleum Source Rocks, Organic Acids in Geological Processes, pp.70-114, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-78356-2_4

M. D. Lewan, Experiments on the role of water in petroleum formation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.61, issue.17, pp.3691-3723, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00176-2

M. D. Lewan and T. E. Ruble, Comparison of petroleum generation kinetics by isothermal hydrous and nonisothermal open-system pyrolysis, Organic Geochemistry, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1457-1475, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00182-1

P. G. Lillis and D. Selby, Evaluation of the rhenium?osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, 2013.

F. Mahdaoui, L. Reisberg, R. Michels, Y. Hautevelle, Y. Poirier et al., Effect of the progressive precipitation of petroleum asphaltenes on the Re???Os radioisotope system, Chemical Geology, vol.358, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303029

L. K. Manning, C. D. Frost, and J. F. Branthaver, A neodymium isotopic study of crude oils and source rocks: potential applications for petroleum exploration, Chemical Geology, vol.91, issue.2, pp.125-138, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(91)90086-7

C. E. Martin, B. Peucker-ehrenbrink, G. Brunskill, and R. Szymczak, Osmium isotope geochemistry of a tropical estuary, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.19, pp.3193-3200, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00654-8

B. J. Mcfadzean, The kinetics and associated equilibria of high oxidation state osmium complexes (Thesis), 2008.

T. Meisel, J. Moser, N. Fellner, W. Wegscheider, and R. Schoenberg, Simplified method for the determination of Ru, Pd, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in chromitites and other geological materials by isotope dilution ICP-MS and acid digestion, The Analyst, vol.126, issue.3, pp.322-328, 2001.
DOI : 10.1039/b007575m

K. Michel-le-pierres, F. Gal, M. Brach, and S. Guignat, Radon, helium and CO2 measurements in soils overlying a former exploited oilfield, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00557632

C. A. Miller, Re-Os dating of algal laminites: reduction-enrichment of metals in the sedimentary environment and evidence for new geoporphyrins, 2004.

C. A. Miller, B. Peucker-ehrenbrink, B. D. Walker, and F. Marcantonio, Re-assessing the surface cycling of molybdenum and rhenium, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.75, issue.22, pp.7146-7179, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.09.005

J. L. Morford and S. Emerson, The geochemistry of redox sensitive trace metals in sediments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.11-12, pp.1735-1750, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00126-X

H. Okamoto and T. B. Massalski, The Au-Os (Gold-Osmium) System, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol.10, issue.4, pp.382-382, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02872957

A. Ong, Réservoirs silicoclastiques très enfouis: Caractérisation diagénétique et modélisation appliquées aux champs pétroliers du Viking Graben, 2013.

J. Parnell, Metal enrichments in solid bitumens: A review, Mineralium Deposita, vol.23, issue.3, pp.191-199, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00204301

M. Paul, Étude des isotopes de l'osmium dans les eaux souterraines du Bangladesh et les sédiments himalayens: implications et rôle de l'érosion himalayenne sur le budget océanique de l'osmium, Thèse de doctorat). Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, 2008.

M. Paul, L. Reisberg, and N. Vigier, A new method for analysis of osmium isotopes and concentrations in surface and subsurface water samples, Chemical Geology, vol.258, issue.3-4, pp.136-144, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.018

M. Paul, L. Reisberg, N. Vigier, Y. Zheng, K. M. Ahmed et al., Dissolved osmium in Bengal plain groundwater: Implications for the marine Os budget, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.12, pp.3432-3448, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.034

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00565333

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Re???Os geochronology of organic rich sediments: an evaluation of organic matter analysis methods, Chemical Geology, vol.200, issue.3-4, pp.225-240, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00199-2

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct radiometric dating of the Devonian-Mississippian time-scale boundary using the Re-Os black shale geochronometer, Geology, vol.33, issue.7, pp.545-548, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G21324.1

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes, Science, vol.308, issue.5726, pp.1293-1295, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111081

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, K. Dewing, and M. Fowler, Evaluation of bitumen as a 187Re? 187Os geochronometer for hydrocarbon maturation and migration: A test case from the Polaris MVT deposit, Canada. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, vol.235, pp.1-15, 2005.

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, and M. G. Fowler, Re???Os elemental and isotopic systematics in crude oils, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.2, pp.378-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.005

M. Sharma, D. A. Papanastassiou, and G. J. Wasserburg, The concentration and isotopic composition of osmium in the oceans, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.61, issue.16, pp.3287-3299, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00210-X

M. Sharma and G. J. Wasserburg, Osmium in the rivers, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.61, issue.24, pp.5411-5416, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00329-3

M. Sharma, E. J. Rosenberg, and D. A. Butterfield, Search for the proverbial mantle osmium sources to the oceans: Hydrothermal alteration of mid-ocean ridge basalt, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.19, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.062

M. Smoliar, R. J. Walker, and J. Morgan, Re-Os Ages of Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB Iron Meteorites, Science, vol.271, issue.5252, pp.1099-1102, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.271.5252.1099

C. S. Spirakis, The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks, Ore Geology Reviews, vol.11, issue.1-3, pp.53-69, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-1368(95)00015-1

L. Summa, E. Goodman, M. Richardson, I. Norton, and A. Green, Hydrocarbon systems of Northeastern Venezuela: plate through molecular scale-analysis of the genesis and evolution of the Eastern Venezuela Basin, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.20, issue.3-4, pp.323-349, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00040-0

S. Talukdar, O. Gallango, and A. Ruggiero, Generation and migration of oil in the Maturin Subbasin, Eastern Venezuelan basin, Organic Geochemistry, vol.13, issue.1-3, pp.537-547, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(88)90074-5

S. D. Tanner and J. G. Holland, Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry: The New Millennium, 2001.
DOI : 10.1039/9781847551696

S. G. Tessalina, M. A. Yudovskaya, I. V. Chaplygin, J. Birck, and F. Capmas, Sources of unique rhenium enrichment in fumaroles and sulphides at Kudryavy volcano, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.72, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.015

A. Treibs, Chlorophyll-und Häminderivated in bituminösen Gesteinen, Ann. Chem, pp.42-62, 1934.

G. B. Vaughan, E. C. Tynan, and T. F. Yen, Vanadium complexes and porphyrins in asphaltene, 2. The nature of highly aromatic substituted porphins and their vanadyl chelates, Chemical Geology, vol.6, pp.203-219, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(70)90019-7

J. Völkening, T. Walczyk, G. Heumann, and K. , Osmium isotope ratio determinations by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, vol.105, issue.2, pp.147-159, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1176(91)80077-Z

E. A. Warren and P. C. Smalley, The chemical composition of North Sea formation waters: a review of their heterogeneity and potential applications, Geol. Soc. Lond. Pet. Geol, 1993.
DOI : 10.1144/0041347

O. Woodhouse, G. Ravizza, K. Falkner, K. Statham, P. Peucker-ehrenbrink et al., Osmium in seawater: vertical profiles of concentration and isotopic composition in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.173, issue.3, pp.223-233, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00233-2

Y. Xiong and S. A. Wood, Experimental determination of the solubility of ReO2 and the dominant oxidation state of rhenium in hydrothermal solutions, Chemical Geology, vol.158, issue.3-4, pp.245-256, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00050-9

Y. Xiong and S. A. Wood, Hydrothermal Transport and Deposition of Rhenium under Subcritical Conditions (up to 200°C) in Light of Experimental Studies, Econ. Geol, vol.96, pp.1429-1444, 2001.

Y. Xiong and S. A. Wood, Experimental determination of the hydrothermal solubility of ReS2 and the Re-ReO2 buffer assemblage and transport of rhenium under supercritical conditions, Geochem. Trans. 3, vol.1, 2002.

Y. Xiong, Solubility and speciation of rhenium in anoxic environments at ambient temperature and applications to the Black Sea, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.50, issue.5, pp.681-690, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00037-2

Y. Xiong, S. Wood, and J. Kruszewski, HYDROTHERMAL TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF RHENIUM UNDER SUBCRITICAL CONDITIONS REVISITED, Economic Geology, vol.101, issue.2, pp.471-478, 2006.
DOI : 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.2.471

G. Xu, J. L. Hannah, H. J. Stein, B. Bingen, G. Yang et al., Re???Os geochronology of Arctic black shales to evaluate the Anisian???Ladinian boundary and global faunal correlations, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.288, issue.3-4, pp.581-587, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.022

S. N. Ashrafizadeh, E. Motaee, and V. Hoshyargar, Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water by natural surfactants, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.86, issue.87, pp.86-87, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.petrol.2012.03.026

W. H. Baur and A. A. Khan, Rutile-type compounds. IV. SiO2, GeO2 and a comparison with other rutile-type structures, Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, vol.27, issue.11, pp.2133-2139, 1971.
DOI : 10.1107/S0567740871005466

V. M. Cumming, Rhenium-osmium geochronology and geochemistry of ancient lacustrine sedimentary and petroleum systems (Thesis, NonPeerReviewed), 2013.

D. Hou, Y. Ma, J. Du, J. Yan, C. Ji et al., High pressure X-ray diffraction study of ReS2, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol.71, issue.11, pp.1571-1575, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.08.002

J. M. Hunt, Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology, 1996.

D. C. Koningsberger and R. Prins, X-ray absorption: principles, applications, techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES, 1988.

M. D. Lewan and J. B. Fisher, Organic Acids from Petroleum Source Rocks, Organic Acids in Geological Processes, pp.70-114, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-78356-2_4

J. Mccullough, The Crystal Structure of Potassium Chlorosmate, K2OsCl6, and of Potassium Bromosmate, K2OsBr6, Zeitschrift f??r Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, vol.94, issue.1-6, pp.143-149, 1936.
DOI : 10.1524/zkri.1936.94.1.143

F. Mahdaoui, L. Reisberg, R. Michels, Y. Hautevelle, Y. Poirier et al., Effect of the progressive precipitation of petroleum asphaltenes on the Re???Os radioisotope system, Chemical Geology, vol.358, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303029

L. K. Manning, C. D. Frost, and J. F. Branthaver, A neodymium isotopic study of crude oils and source rocks: potential applications for petroleum exploration, Chemical Geology, vol.91, issue.2, pp.125-138, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(91)90086-7

C. A. Miller, Re-Os dating of algal laminites: reduction-enrichment of metals in the sedimentary environment and evidence for new geoporphyrins, 2004.

J. F. Muller, J. M. Magar, D. Cagniant, J. Grimblot, and J. P. Bonnelle, Etude de substances modeles susceptibles de complexer les metaux de transition dans les fractions lourdes du petrole, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol.186, issue.3, pp.389-400, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-328X(00)82419-5

A. D. Rooney, D. Selby, M. D. Lewan, P. G. Lillis, and J. Houzay, Evaluating Re???Os systematics in organic-rich sedimentary rocks in response to petroleum generation using hydrous pyrolysis experiments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.77, pp.275-291, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.006

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, K. Dewing, and M. Fowler, Evaluation of bitumen as a 187Re? 187Os geochronometer for hydrocarbon maturation and migration: A test case from the Polaris MVT deposit, Canada. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, vol.235, pp.1-15, 2005.

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Re???Os geochronology of organic rich sediments: an evaluation of organic matter analysis methods, Chemical Geology, vol.200, issue.3-4, pp.225-240, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00199-2

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct radiometric dating of the Devonian-Mississippian time-scale boundary using the Re-Os black shale geochronometer, Geology, vol.33, issue.7, pp.545-548, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G21324.1

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes, Science, vol.308, issue.5726, pp.1293-1295, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111081

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, and M. G. Fowler, Re???Os elemental and isotopic systematics in crude oils, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.2, pp.378-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.005

H. Tao, T. Murakami, M. Tominaga, and A. Miyazaki, Mercury speciation in natural gas condensate by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.13, issue.10, 1998.
DOI : 10.1039/a803369b

B. K. Teo, Exafs: Basic Principles and Data Analysis, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-50031-2

B. P. Tissot and D. H. Welte, Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 1984.

A. Treibs, Chlorophyll-und Häminderivated in bituminösen Gesteinen, Ann. Chem, pp.42-62, 1934.

A. Tougerti, S. Cristol, E. Berrier, V. Briois, L. Fontaine et al., XANES study of rhenium oxide compounds at the L_{1} and L_{3} absorption edges, Phys. Rev. B, vol.85, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00687281

M. Baaden, Etudes de molécules extractantes en solution et aux interfaces liquideliquide: aspects structuraux et mécanistiques des effets de synergie, 2000.

V. M. Cumming, Rhenium-osmium geochronology and geochemistry of ancient lacustrine sedimentary and petroleum systems (Thesis), 2012.

A. J. Finlay, D. Selby, and M. J. Osborne, Re-Os geochronology and fingerprinting of United Kingdom Atlantic margin oil: Temporal implications for regional petroleum systems, Geology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.475-478, 2011.
DOI : 10.1130/G31781.1

A. J. Finlay, D. Selby, M. J. Osborne, and D. Finucane, Fault-charged mantle-fluid contamination of United Kingdom North Sea oils: Insights from Re-Os isotopes: Figure 1., Geology, vol.38, issue.11, pp.979-982, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/G31201.1

C. Jumeaucourt, B. Horville, and I. Ponfilova, Modeling of reaction kinetics and transport of rhenium and osmium in aqueous and hydrocarbon phase in porous media, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie, 2013.

P. G. Lillis and D. Selby, Evaluation of the rhenium?osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, 2013.

T. Meisel, R. J. Walker, A. J. Irving, and J. Lorand, Osmium isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths: a global perspective, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.65, issue.8, pp.1311-1323, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00566-4

M. Paul, Étude des isotopes de l'osmium dans les eaux souterraines du Bangladesh et les sédiments himalayens: implications et rôle de l'érosion himalayenne sur le budget océanique de l'osmium, Thèse de doctorat). Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, 2008.

A. D. Rooney, D. Selby, M. D. Lewan, P. G. Lillis, and J. Houzay, Evaluating Re???Os systematics in organic-rich sedimentary rocks in response to petroleum generation using hydrous pyrolysis experiments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.77, pp.275-291, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.006

R. Schurhammer, Simulations par dynamique moléculaire de la solvatation et du comportement interfacial d'espèces hydrophobes. Application à l'hypothèse TATB et à l'extraction liquide/liquide de cations par le CO2 supercritique, 2001.

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes, Science, vol.308, issue.5726, pp.1293-1295, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111081

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, K. Dewing, and M. Fowler, Evaluation of bitumen as a 187Re? 187Os geochronometer for hydrocarbon maturation and migration: A test case from the Polaris MVT deposit, Canada. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, vol.235, pp.1-15, 2005.

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, and M. G. Fowler, Re???Os elemental and isotopic systematics in crude oils, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.2, pp.378-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.005

D. Yevgeniy and I. Ponfilova, Modelling of reaction kinetics and transport of rhenium in aqueous solution and hydrocarbon in porous media, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie, 2012.

M. F. Ali and S. Abbas, A review of methods for the demetallization of residual fuel oils, Fuel Processing Technology, vol.87, issue.7, pp.573-584, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.03.001

M. F. Ali, A. Bukhari, and M. Saleem, Trace metals in crude oils from Saudi Arabia, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, vol.22, issue.4, pp.691-694, 1983.
DOI : 10.1021/i300012a034

M. F. Ali, A. Bukhari, and A. Alhajj, Nickel and vanadyl porphyrins in Saudi Arabian crude oils, Energy & Fuels, vol.7, issue.2, pp.179-184, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/ef00038a003

F. Alvarez-ramírez and Y. Ruiz-morales, Island versus Archipelago Architecture for Asphaltenes: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Dimer Theoretical Studies, Energy & Fuels, vol.27, issue.4, pp.1791-1808, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/ef301522m

F. A. Amorim, B. Welz, A. C. Costa, F. G. Lepri, M. Goreti et al., Determination of vanadium in petroleum and petroleum products using atomic spectrometric techniques, Talanta, vol.72, issue.2, pp.349-359, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.015

S. I. Andersen and J. G. Speight, Thermodynamic models for asphaltene solubility and precipitation, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.22, issue.1-3, pp.53-66, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0920-4105(98)00057-6

S. Ashoori, M. Jamialahmadi, S. H. Müller, M. Fathi, . Qorbani-neshaghi et al., Determining the Particle Size of Asphaltenes, Petroleum Science and Technology, vol.26, issue.16, pp.1639-1646, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0920-4105(00)00020-6

J. T. Behbahani, C. Ghotbi, V. Taghikhania, and A. Shahrabadi, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of asphaltene precipitation, Scientia Iranica, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1384-1390, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scient.2011.11.006

J. L. Birck, M. R. Barman, and F. Capmas, Re-Os Isotopic Measurements at the Femtomole Level in Natural Samples, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.58, issue.8, pp.19-27, 1997.
DOI : 10.6028/jres.077A.040

A. Boukir, M. Guiliano, P. Doumenq, A. Hallaoui, and G. Mille, Caract??risation structurale d'asphalt??nes p??troliers par spectroscopie infrarouge (IRTF). Application ?? la photo-oxydation, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry, vol.1, issue.10, p.597, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1387-1609(99)80013-9

E. Buenrostro-gonzalez, A. Gil-villegas, and J. Wu, Asphaltene precipitation in crude oils: Theory and experiments, AIChE Journal, vol.42, issue.10, pp.2552-2570, 2004.
DOI : 10.2118/10004-PA

F. Cassini and G. Eglinton, Organic geochemistry of Venezuelan extra-heavy crude oils 2. Molecular assessment of biodegradation, Chemical Geology, vol.91, issue.4, pp.315-333, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(91)90093-7

A. S. Cohen, A. L. Coe, J. M. Bartlett, and C. J. Hawkesworth, Precise Re???Os ages of organic-rich mudrocks and the Os isotope composition of Jurassic seawater, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.167, issue.3-4, pp.159-173, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00026-6

D. Colodner, J. Sachs, G. Ravizza, K. Turekian, J. Edmond et al., The geochemical cycle of rhenium: a reconnaissance, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.117, issue.1-2, pp.205-221, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90127-U

R. A. Creaser, D. A. Papanastassiou, and G. J. Wasserburg, Negative thermal ion mass spectrometry of osmium, rhenium and iridium, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.1, pp.397-401, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90427-7

R. A. Creaser, P. Sannigrahi, T. Chacko, and D. Selby, Further evaluation of the Re-Os geochronometer in organic-rich sedimentary rocks: a test of hydrocarbon maturation effects in the Exshaw Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.66, issue.19, pp.3441-3452, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00939-0

V. Dieckmann, P. Caccialanza, and R. Galimberti, Evaluating the timing of oil expulsion: about the inverse behaviour of light hydrocarbons and oil asphaltene kinetics, Organic Geochemistry, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1501-1513, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00105-5

S. Dreyfus, C. Pécheyran, C. Magnier, A. Prinzhofer, C. P. Lienemann et al., Direct trace and ultra-trace metals determination in crude oil and fractions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. ASTM Int, vol.2, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01590039

S. M. El-sabagh, Occurrence and distribution of vanadyl porphyrins in Saudi Arabian crude oils, Fuel Processing Technology, vol.57, issue.1, pp.65-78, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-3820(98)00068-X

D. Ertas, S. R. Kelemen, . Halsey, and C. Thomas, Petroleum Expulsion Part 1. Theory of Kerogen Swelling in Multicomponent Solvents, Energy & Fuels, vol.20, issue.1, pp.295-300, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ef058024k

A. J. Finlay, D. Selby, and M. J. Osborne, Re-Os geochronology and fingerprinting of United Kingdom Atlantic margin oil: Temporal implications for regional petroleum systems, Geology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.475-478, 2011.
DOI : 10.1130/G31781.1

S. Georgiev, H. J. Stein, J. L. Hannah, B. Bingen, H. M. Weiss et al., Hot acidic Late Permian seas stifle life in record time, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.310, issue.3-4, pp.389-400, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.010

G. Rodriguez and D. L. , Modeling of Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition Tendency Using the PC-SAFT Equation of State, Thesis) Rice University, 2000.

H. Groenzin and O. C. Mullins, MOLECULAR SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF ASPHALTENES, Petroleum Science and Technology, vol.78, issue.1-2, pp.219-230, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00027-7

E. Hong and P. Watkinson, A study of asphaltene solubility and precipitation, Fuel, vol.83, pp.1881-1887, 2004.

Y. F. Hu and T. M. Guo, Effect of temperature and molecular weight of n-alkane precipitants on asphaltene precipitation, Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol.192, issue.1-2, pp.13-25, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00619-7

T. J. Kaminski, H. C. Fogler, N. Wolf, P. Wattana, and A. Mairal, Classification of Asphaltenes via Fractionation and the Effect of Heteroatom Content on Dissolution Kinetics, Energy & Fuels, vol.14, issue.1, pp.25-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ef990111n

S. R. Kelemen, C. C. Walters, D. Ertas, L. M. Kwiatek, and D. J. Curry, Petroleum Expulsion Part 2. Organic Matter Type and Maturity Effects on Kerogen Swelling by Solvents and Thermodynamic Parameters for Kerogen from Regular Solution Theory, Energy & Fuels, vol.20, issue.1, pp.301-308, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ef0580220

S. R. Kelemen, C. C. Walters, D. Ertas, H. Freund, and D. J. Curry, Petroleum Expulsion Part 3. A Model of Chemically Driven Fractionation during Expulsion of Petroleum from Kerogen, Energy & Fuels, vol.20, issue.1, pp.309-319, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ef058023s

S. R. Kelemen, C. C. Walters, P. J. Kwiatek, H. Freund, M. Afeworki et al., Characterization of solid bitumens originating from thermal chemical alteration and thermochemical sulfate reduction, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.18, pp.5305-5332, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.013

B. Kendall, R. A. Creaser, and D. Selby, Re-Os geochronology of postglacial black shales in Australia: Constraints on the timing of ???Sturtian??? glaciation, Geology, vol.34, issue.9, pp.729-732, 2006.
DOI : 10.1130/G22775.1

G. Khavari-khorasani, J. C. Dolson, and J. K. Michelsen, The factors controlling the abundance and migration of heavy versus light oils, as constrained by data from the Gulf of Suez. Part I. The effect of expelled petroleum composition, PVT properties and petroleum system geometry, Organic Geochemistry, vol.29, issue.1-3, pp.255-282, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00152-1

M. D. Lewan, Experiments on the role of water in petroleum formation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.61, issue.17, pp.3691-3723, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00176-2

P. G. Lillis and D. Selby, Evaluation of the rhenium???osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.118, pp.312-330, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021

W. Loh, R. S. Mohamed, and A. C. Ramos, AGGREGATION OF ASPHALTENES OBTAINED FROM A BRAZILIAN CRUDE OIL IN AROMATIC SOLVENTS, Petroleum Science and Technology, vol.17, issue.1-2, pp.147-163, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00033-2

L. López, S. L. Mónaco, F. Galarraga, A. Lira, and C. Cruz, VNi ratio in maltene and asphaltene fractions of crude oils from the west Venezuelan basin: correlation studies, Chemical Geology, vol.119, issue.1-4, pp.255-262, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00100-M

J. Luck, J. Birck, and C. Allegre, 187Re???187Os systematics in meteorites: early chronology of the Solar System and age of the Galaxy, Nature, vol.9, issue.5744, pp.256-259, 1980.
DOI : 10.1038/283256a0

P. Luo, X. Wang, and Y. Gu, Characterization of asphaltenes precipitated with three light alkanes under different experimental conditions, Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol.291, issue.2, pp.103-110, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fluid.2009.12.010

N. Márquez, F. Ysambertt, and C. De-la-cruz, Three analytical methods to isolate and characterize vanadium and nickel porphyrins from heavy crude oil, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.395, issue.3, pp.343-349, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00304-9

R. Michels, P. Landais, B. E. Torkelson, and R. P. Philp, Effects of effluents and water pressure on oil generation during confined pyrolysis and high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.59, issue.8, pp.1589-1604, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00065-8

R. Michels, E. Langlois, O. Ruau, M. Elie, and P. Landais, Evolution of Asphaltenes during Artificial Maturation:?? A Record of the Chemical Processes, Energy & Fuels, vol.10, issue.1, pp.39-48, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/ef9501410

C. A. Miller, Re?Os Dating of Algal Laminites: Reduction-enrichment of Metals in the Sedimentary Environment and Evidence for New Geoporphyrins, 2004.

S. Mitra-kirtley, O. C. Mullins, C. Y. Ralston, and C. Pareis, Sulfur characterization in asphaltene, resin, and oil fractions of two crude oils, 1999.

M. B. Monte, R. R. Coelho, and A. Middea, Investigation of Molecular Weight and Aggregation of Asphaltenes in Organic Solvents Using Surface Tension Measurements, Petroleum Science and Technology, vol.40, issue.7-8, pp.991-1001, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00607-9

F. Mahdaoui, Effect of the progressive precipitation of petroleum asphaltenes on the Re???Os radioisotope system, Chemical Geology, vol.358, pp.90-100, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303029

V. Nalwaya, V. Tantayakom, P. Piumsomboon, and S. Fogler, Studies on Asphaltenes through Analysis of Polar Fractions, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.38, issue.3, pp.964-972, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/ie9804428

C. Pan, A. Geng, Z. Liao, Y. Xiong, J. Fu et al., Geochemical characterization of free versus asphaltene-sorbed hydrocarbons in crude oils: implications for migration-related compositional fractionations, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.19, issue.5, pp.619-632, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00031-4

N. I. Papadimitriou, G. E. Romanos, G. C. Charalambopoulou, M. E. Kainourgiakis, F. K. Katsaros et al., Experimental investigation of asphaltene deposition mechanism during oil flow in core samples, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.57, issue.3-4, pp.281-293, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.10.007

M. E. Pena, A. Manjarréz, and A. Campero, Distribution of vanadyl porphyrins in a Mexican offshore heavy crude oil, Fuel Processing Technology, vol.46, issue.3, pp.171-182, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-3820(95)00053-4

D. C. Podgorski, Heavy Petroleum Composition. 5. Compositional and Structural Continuum of Petroleum Revealed, Energy & Fuels, vol.27, issue.3, pp.1268-1276, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/ef301737f

G. Ravizza and B. K. Esser, A possible link between the seawater osmium isotope record and weathering of ancient sedimentary organic matter, Chemical Geology, vol.107, issue.3-4, pp.255-258, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90186-M

G. Ravizza and K. Turekian, Application of the 187Re-187Os system to black shale geochronometry, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.53, issue.12, pp.3257-3262, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90105-1

P. G. Redelius, The structure of asphaltenes in bitumen, Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol.66, issue.2, pp.143-162, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90206-4

A. D. Rooney, D. M. Chew, and D. Selby, Re???Os geochronology of the Neoproterozoic???Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland: Implications for Neoproterozoic stratigraphy, glaciations and Re???Os systematics, Precambrian Research, vol.185, issue.3-4, pp.202-214, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.009

A. D. Rooney, D. Selby, M. D. Lewan, P. G. Lillis, and J. P. Houzay, Evaluating Re???Os systematics in organic-rich sedimentary rocks in response to petroleum generation using hydrous pyrolysis experiments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.77, pp.275-291, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.006

C. Sajgo, J. R. Maxwell, and A. S. Mackenzie, Evaluation of fractionation effects during the early stages of primary migration, Organic Geochemistry, vol.5, issue.2, pp.65-73, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(83)90004-9

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Re???Os geochronology of organic rich sediments: an evaluation of organic matter analysis methods, Chemical Geology, vol.200, issue.3-4, pp.225-240, 0200.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00199-2

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct radiometric dating of the Devonian-Mississippian time-scale boundary using the Re-Os black shale geochronometer, Geology, vol.33, issue.7, pp.545-548, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G21324.1

D. Selby and R. A. Creaser, Direct Radiometric Dating of Hydrocarbon Deposits Using Rhenium-Osmium Isotopes, Science, vol.308, issue.5726, pp.1293-1295, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111081

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, K. Dewing, and M. Fowler, Evaluation of bitumen as a 187 Re? 187 Os geochronometer for hydrocarbon maturation and migration: a test case from the Polaris MVT deposit, Canada. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, vol.235, pp.1-15, 2005.

D. Selby, R. A. Creaser, and M. G. Fowler, Re???Os elemental and isotopic systematics in crude oils, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.71, issue.2, pp.378-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.005

S. B. Shirey and R. J. Walker, ISOTOPE SYSTEM IN COSMOCHEMISTRY AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.26, issue.1, pp.423-500, 1998.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.423

M. Smoliar, R. Walker, and J. Morgan, Re-Os Ages of Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB Iron Meteorites, Science, vol.271, issue.5252, pp.1099-1102, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.271.5252.1099

J. G. Speight, Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 1: Asphaltenes, Resins and the Structure of Petroleum, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, vol.49, issue.2, pp.467-477, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/00908317408945937

J. G. Speight, Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 2: the Effect of Asphaltene and Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.479-488, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ef00045a003

P. M. Spiecker, K. L. Gawtys, C. B. Trail, and P. K. Kilpatrick, Effects of petroleum resins on asphaltene aggregation and water-in-oil emulsion formation, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.220, issue.1-3, pp.9-27, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-7757(03)00079-7

L. L. Summa, E. D. Goodman, M. Richardson, I. O. Norton, and A. R. Green, Hydrocarbon systems of Northeastern Venezuela: plate through molecular scale-analysis of the genesis and evolution of the Eastern Venezuela Basin, Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol.20, issue.3-4, pp.323-349, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00040-0

S. Talukdar, O. Gallango, and A. Ruggiero, Generation and migration of oil in the Maturin Subbasin, Eastern Venezuelan basin, Organic Geochemistry, vol.13, issue.1-3, pp.537-547, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(88)90074-5

M. Tojima, S. Suhara, M. Imamura, and A. Furura, Effect of heavy asphaltene on stability of residual oil, Catalysis Today, vol.43, issue.3-4, pp.347-351, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00163-1

A. Treibs, Chlorophyll- und H??minderivate in bitumin??sen Gesteinen, Erd??len, Erdwachsen und Asphalten. Ein Beitrag zur Entstehung des Erd??ls, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, vol.509, issue.1, pp.42-62, 1934.
DOI : 10.1002/jlac.19345090108

F. Trejo, G. Centeno, and J. Ancheyta, Precipitation, fractionation and characterization of asphaltenes from heavy and light crude oils, Fuel, vol.83, issue.16, pp.2169-2175, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.008

M. G. Vale, M. M. Silva, I. C. Damin, P. J. Filho, and B. Welz, Determination of volatile and non-volatile nickel and vanadium compounds in crude oil using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after oil fractionation into saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes, Talanta, vol.74, issue.5, pp.1385-1391, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.09.009

G. J. Van-berkel, J. Martin, E. Quirke, and R. H. Filby, The Henryville Bed of the New Albany shale???I. Preliminary characterization of the nickel and vanadyl porphyrins in the bitumen, Organic Geochemistry, vol.14, issue.2, pp.119-128, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-6380(89)90066-1

G. B. Vaughan, E. C. Tynan, and T. F. Yen, Vanadium complexes and porphyrins in asphaltene, 2. The nature of highly aromatic substituted porphins and their vanadyl chelates, Chemical Geology, vol.6, pp.203-219, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2541(70)90019-7

J. Völkening, T. Walczyk, and K. G. Heumann, Osmium isotope ratio determinations by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, vol.105, issue.2, pp.147-159, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1176(91)80077-Z

P. Wattana, H. S. Fogler, A. Yen, . Del-carmen, M. Garcia et al., Characterization of Polarity-Based Asphaltene Subfractions, Energy & Fuels, vol.19, issue.1, pp.101-110, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/ef0499372

T. Yensepbayev, A. Izart, G. Joltaev, Y. Hautevelle, M. Elie et al., Geochemical characterization of source rocks and oils from the eastern part of the Precaspian and Pre-Uralian Basins (Kazakhstan): Palaeoenvironmental and palaeothermal interpretation, Organic Geochemistry, vol.41, issue.3, pp.242-262, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.11.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00468366

G. Zahedi, A. R. Fazlali, S. M. Hosseini, G. R. Pazuki, and L. Sheikhattar, Prediction of asphaltene precipitation in crude oil, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol.68, issue.3-4, pp.218-222, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.petrol.2009.06.023

J. Y. Zuo, H. Elshahawi, O. C. Mullins, C. Dong, D. Zang et al., Asphaltene gradients and tar mat formation in reservoirs under active gas charging. Fluid Phase Equilib, pp.91-98, 2012.