M. Heinrich, Galanthamine from Galanthus and Other Amaryllidaceae ??? Chemistry and Biology Based on Traditional Use, pp.157-165, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1099-4831(10)06804-5

O. Hochino, Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, The Alkaloids, pp.323-417, 1998.

M. I. Stanilova, E. D. Molle, and S. Yanev, Galanthamine Production by Leucojum aestivum Cultures In Vitro, The alkaloids, pp.167-270, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1099-4831(10)06805-7

J. C. Cedrón, M. Del-arco-aguilar, A. Estévez-braun, and Ã. G. Ravelo, Chemistry and Biology of Pancratium Alkaloids, The Alkaloids, pp.1-37, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1099-4831(10)06801-X

C. W. Fennell and J. Van-staden, Crinum species in traditional and modern medicine, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol.78, issue.1, pp.15-26, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00305-1

S. Ghosal, K. S. Saini, and S. Razdan, Crinum alkaloids: their chemistry and biology, Phytochemistry, vol.24, issue.10, pp.2141-2156, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83001-0

E. Furusawa, S. Furusawa, and L. Sokugawa, Therapeutic Activity of Pretazettine, Standard Drugs, and the Combinations on Intraperitoneally Implanted Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Mice, Chemotherapy, vol.29, issue.4, pp.294-302, 1983.
DOI : 10.1159/000238212

L. Szlávik, A. Gyuris, J. Minárovits, P. Forgo, J. Molnár et al., and Antiretroviral Activity of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, Planta Medica, vol.70, issue.9, pp.871-873, 2004.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2004-827239

H. M. Hammoda, E. Shawky, and A. Motta, Amarbellisine, a lycorine-type alkaloid from Amaryllis belladonna, Phytochemistry, vol.65, pp.2113-2118, 2004.

R. Verpoorte, A. Contin, and J. Memelink, Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites El Tahchy, A. Étude de la voie de biosynthèse de la galanthamine chez Leucojum aestivum L. ? Criblage phytochimique de quelques Amaryllidaceae Singh A.; Desgagné-Penix, I., Biosynthesis of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Phytochem. Rev, vol.1, issue.13 13, pp.25-37, 2002.

F. Bourgaud, M. Henry, Y. Chapleur, and D. Laurain-mattar, Hairy root and tissue cultures of Leucojum aestivum L.-Relationships to galanthamine content, Phytochem. Rev, vol.6, pp.137-141, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01738283

F. Bourgaud, A. Gravot, S. Milesi, and E. Gontier, Production of plant secondary metabolites: A historical perspective Smetanska, I., Production of secondary metabolites using plant cell cultures, Plant Sci In Food Biotechnology, vol.161, issue.111, pp.839-851, 2001.

D. Laurain-mattar, Production of alkaloids in plant cell and tissue cultures In Bioactive molecules and medicinal plants, pp.165-174, 2008.

J. Bastida, M. Ilieva, and A. Pavlov, Optimized nutrient medium for galanthamine production in Leucojum aestivum L. in vitro shoot system, Z. Naturforsch, vol.64, pp.219-224, 2009.

M. Henry, Y. Chapleur, and D. Laurain-mattar, Effects of sucrose and plant growth regulators on acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alkaloids accumulated in shoot cultures of Amaryllidaceae, Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cutl, vol.106, pp.381-390
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00629164

J. Bastida and C. Codina, Elicitation of galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum shoots grown in temporary immersion system, Biotechnol. Prog. 2013, vol.29, pp.311-318

F. Chrétien, M. Henry, Y. Chapleur, and D. Laurain-mattar, Kinetic study of the rearragment of deuterium-labeled 4'-O-methylnorbelladine in Leucojum aestivum shoot cultures by mass spectrometry. Influence of precursor feeding on Amarylladaceae alkaloid accumulation, J. Nat. Prod, vol.74, pp.2356-2361, 2011.

H. Muzzamal, R. Sarwar, I. Sajid, and S. Hasnain, Isolation, identification and screening of endophytic bacteria antagonistic to biofilm formers

J. Pakistan, A. L. Demain, and S. Sanchez, Microbial drug discovery: 80 years of progress, J. Antibiot, vol.44, issue.62, pp.249-257, 2009.

Z. Jin, Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids, Natural Product Reports, vol.84, issue.6, pp.849-868, 2013.
DOI : 10.3987/COM-11-S(P)39

M. Botineau, Lavoisier: 2010. 26 Website actaplantarum.org. (21-01-2015), 27. Website dicoverlife.org. (21-01-2015), 28. Website en.wikipedia.org, Botanique systémique et appliquée des plantes à fleurs 29. Website commons.wikimedia.org, p.31, 2015.

G. D. May, J. C. Crow, and T. M. Kutchan, Cloning and Characterization of a Norbelladine 4'-O-Methyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Alzheimer's Drug Galanthamine in Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus. Plos one, pp.1-11, 2014.

D. H. Barton, T. Cohen, R. H. Festschrift-arthur-stoll-wightman, J. Stauton, A. R. Battersby et al., Studies of enzyme-mediated reactions. Part I. Syntheses of deuterium-or tritiumlabelled (3S)-and (3R)-phenylalanines: Stereochemical cause of the elimination catalysed by L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, J. Chem. Soc.- Perkin Trans Bastida, J. J. P, vol.117, issue.34, pp.2355-2364, 1957.

V. Martínez, C. Codina, and F. Viladomat, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, pp.66-100, 2011.

G. W. Kirby and H. P. Tiwari, Phenol oxidation and biosynthesis

I. T. Bruce, G. W. Kirby, and L. Astudillo, Stereochemistry of protonation and hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of norpluviine and lycorine, Chemical Communications (London), vol.39, issue.4, pp.207-208, 1968.
DOI : 10.1039/c19680000207

J. Bastida, F. Viladomat, and C. Codina, Activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids on the blood pressure of normotensive rats The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction, Pharm. Pharmacol. Commun. Science, vol.6, issue.217, pp.309-312, 1982.

. Ther-42, J. J. Sramek, E. J. Frackiewicz, and N. R. Cutler, Review of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine, Expert Opin. Inv. Drug, vol.11, issue.9, pp.161-179, 2000.

H. M. Greenblatt, G. Kriger, T. Lewis, I. Silman, and J. L. Sussman, Structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with (???)-galanthamine at 2.3 ?? resolution, FEBS Letters, vol.38, issue.3, pp.321-326, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(199603)38:3<305::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-Y

B. Badet, C. Thal, I. Silman, and J. L. Sussman, The complex of a bivalent derivative of galanthamine with torpedo acetylcholinesterase displays drastic deformation of the active-site gorge: Implications for stucture-based drug design, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.126, pp.15405-15411, 2004.

O. Arrigoni, G. Calabrese, L. De-gara, M. B. Bitonti, and R. Liso, Correlation between changes in cell ascorbate and growth of Lupinus albus seedlings, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.150, issue.3, pp.302-308, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0176-1617(97)80125-3

O. Arrigoni, Ascorbate system in plant development, Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, vol.9, issue.suppl., pp.407-419, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00762782

S. Onofri, E. Poerio, P. Serangeli, S. Tosi, I. Garuccio et al., Influence of L-galactonic acid gamma-lactone on ascorbate production in some yeasts, pp.277-280, 1997.

S. Ghosal, A. Shanthy, A. Kumar, and Y. Kumar, Palmilycorine and lycoriside: acyloxy and acylglucosyloxy alkaloids from crinum asiaticum, Phytochemistry, vol.24, issue.11, pp.2703-2706, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80698-6

G. A. Cordell and N. Ruangrungsi, Cytotoxic and antimalarial alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum amabile, J. Nat. Prod, vol.56, pp.1331-1338, 1993.

G. A. Cordell and N. Ruangrungsi, Lycorine alkaloids from Hymenocallis littoralis, Phytochemistry, vol.40, pp.1295-1298, 1995.

B. S. Min, J. J. Gao, N. Nakamura, Y. H. Kim, and M. Hattori, Cytotoxic Alkaloids and a Flavan from the Bulbs of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.49, issue.9, pp.1217-1219, 2001.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.49.1217

C. Griffin, N. Sharda, D. Sood, J. J. Nair, J. Mcnulty et al., Selective cytotoxicity of Pancratistatin-related natural Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: evaluation of the activity of two new compounds, Cancer Cell International, vol.7, issue.1, pp.7-10, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2867-7-10

X. Zhang, S. N. Hua, J. Yu, P. G. Xiao, R. S. Li et al., Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus, Antiviral Res, vol.67, pp.18-23, 2005.

J. Renard-nozaki, T. Kim, Y. Imakura, M. Kihara, and S. Kobayashi, Effect of alkaloids isolated from Amaryllidaceae on herpes simplex virus, Research in Virology, vol.140, pp.115-128, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0923-2516(89)80089-5

E. J. Osorio, S. M. Robledo, and J. Bastida, Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity, The Alkaloids, pp.113-190, 2008.

G. Çitoglu, M. Tanker, and B. Gümüsel, Antiinflammatory effects of lycorine and haemanthidine, Phytotherapy Research, vol.12, issue.3, pp.205-206, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199805)12:3<205::AID-PTR203>3.0.CO;2-7

A. Van-slambrouck, S. Kornienko, and A. , Biological evaluation of structurally diverse Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives: Discovery of novel leads for anticancer drug design, Planta Med, vol.75, pp.501-507, 2009.

B. Weniger, L. Italiano, J. P. Beck, J. Bastida, S. Bergoñon et al., Cytotoxic Activity of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, Planta Medica, vol.61, issue.01, pp.77-79, 1995.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2006-958007

M. D. Antoun, N. T. Mendoza, Y. R. Rios, L. Astudillo, and F. Viladomat, Cytotoxicity of Hymenocallis expansa Alkaloids, Journal of Natural Products, vol.56, issue.8, pp.1423-1425, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/np50098a030

C. Codina, DNA binding activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Bol. Soc. Chil. Quím, vol.45, pp.515-518, 2000.

K. Miyasaka and Y. Hiramatsu, Pharmacological studies of lycorenine, an alkaloid of Lycoris radiata herb.: II. Effects of blood pressure in rats and dogs and the mechanism of tachyphylaxis to the vasodepressor action of lycorenine in rats., The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, vol.30, issue.5, pp.655-664, 1980.
DOI : 10.1254/jjp.30.655

J. Mcnulty, J. J. Nair, C. Codina, J. Bastida, S. Pandey et al., Selective apoptosis-inducing activity of crinum-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Phytochemistry, vol.68, issue.7, pp.1068-1074, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.01.006

A. Mclachlan, N. Kekre, J. Mcnulty, and S. Pandey, Pancratistatin: A natural anti-cancer compound that targets mitochondria specifically in cancer cells to induce apoptosis, Apoptosis, vol.259, issue.3, pp.619-630, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1972.33

Y. L. Yang, Z. Y. Liu, L. Cai, K. D. Hyde, Z. N. Yu et al., Colletotrichum anthracnose of Amaryllidaceae, Fungal Diversity, vol.39, pp.123-146, 2009.

R. Verpoorte, R. Van-der-heijden, H. J. Ten-hoopen, and J. Memelink, Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways for the production of fine chemicals Towards a molecular understanding of the biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in support of their expanding medicinal use, Biotechnology Letters, vol.21, issue.6, pp.467-479, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005502632053

L. F. Czollner, B. Kuenburg, U. Hedenig, J. Froechlich, and U. Jordis, New kilogram-synthesis of the antialzheimer's drug (-)-galanthamine

C. P. Ferri and C. Brayne, Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study, The Lancet, vol.366, issue.9503, pp.2112-2117, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0

J. P. Zryd, K. Lindsay, and M. G. Jones, Cultures de cellules, tissus et organes végétaux Presses Polytechniques Romandes: Lausanne, 1988. 73 Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture Cell differentiation and secondary metabolite production, Morphogenesis in Plant Cultures, pp.463-501, 1989.

Z. Stefanov, Ecobiological and Phytochemical Investigations of Natural Populations and Introduced Origins of Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) in Bulgaria Plant cell cultures -An alternative and efficient source for the production of biologically important secondary metabolites, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng, vol.2, pp.29-48, 1990.

T. Murashige and F. Skoog, A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures, Physiologia Plantarum, vol.7, issue.3, pp.473-497, 1962.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pp.02.060151.001311

M. Henry, Y. Chapleur, and D. Laurain-mattar, Effects of sucrose and plant growth regulators on acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alkaloids accumulated in shoot cultures of Amaryllidaceae, Plant cell Tiss. Organ Cult, vol.106, pp.381-390, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00629164

J. M. Merillon, M. Rideau, J. C. Cheneiux, S. Bergonon, F. Viladomat et al., Influence of sucrose on levels of ajmalicine, serpentine and tryptamine in Catharanthus roseus cells in vitro Effect of sucrose on growth and galanthamine production in shoot-clump cultures of Narcissus confusus in liquid-shake medium, Planta Med 80. Selles, M Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult, vol.50, issue.49, pp.497-502, 1984.

S. Berkov, I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, C. Codina, and A. Pavlov, Galanthamine biosynthesis in plant in vitro systems, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.12, issue.6, pp.643-650, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/elsc.201100177

A. Ptak, A. Tahchy, G. Wyzgolik, M. Henry, and D. Laurain-mattar, Effects of ethylene on somatic embryogenesis and galanthamine content in Leucojum aestivum L. cultures, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), vol.1, issue.1, pp.61-67, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s11240-010-9706-8

O. D. Sage, J. Lynn, and N. Hammat, Somatic embryogenesis in Narcissus pseudonarcissus cvs. Golden Harvest and St. Keverne, Plant Science, vol.150, issue.2, pp.209-216, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00190-9

D. Mattar, Galanthamine content of bulbs and in vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum L, Nat. Prod. Comm, vol.6, pp.475-479, 2006.

A. Ptak and O. Cierniak, Regeneration of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) in in vitro cultures, Biotechnologia, vol.4, pp.239-245, 2003.

A. Ptak, A. Tahchy, E. Skrzypek, T. Wójtowicz, and D. Laurain-mattar, Abstract, Open Life Sciences, vol.14, issue.6, pp.591-599, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s12010-010-9036-7

A. Ptak, M. Simlat, M. Kwiecie?, and D. Laurain-mattar, plants propagated in in vitro bioreactor culture and on solid media containing cytokinins, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.2, issue.3, pp.261-270
DOI : 10.1007/BF00332926

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01494090

V. Georgiev, I. Ivanov, S. Berkov, and A. Pavlov, Alkaloids biosynthesis by Pancratium maritimum L. shoots in liquid culture, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol.21, issue.1, pp.927-933
DOI : 10.1002/pca.1158

R. Colque, F. Viladomat, J. Bastida, and C. Codina, Shoot-Clumps, Planta Medica, vol.70, issue.12, pp.1180-1188, 2004.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2004-835849

F. Peng and B. Xia, Effect of abiotic and biotic elicitors on growth and alkaloid accumulation of Lycoris chinensis seedlings, Z. Naturforsch C, vol.64, pp.541-550, 2009.

J. Zhao, L. C. Davis, and R. Verpoorte, Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites, Biotechnology Advances, vol.23, issue.4, pp.283-333, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.01.003

I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, and A. Pavlov, Elicitation of galanthamine biosynthesis by Leucojum aestivum liquid shoot cultures, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.170, issue.12, pp.1122-1129, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.017

E. Tahchy, A. Boisbrun, M. Ptak, A. Dupire, F. Chrétien et al., New method for the study of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis using biotransformation of deuteriumlabeled precursor in tissue cultures Phenol oxidation and biosynthesis. Part IV. The biogenesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Acta Biochim. Pol. J. Chem. Soc, vol.57, pp.75-82, 1963.

S. Bergoñon, C. Codina, J. Bastida, F. Viladomat, and E. Melé, Galanthamine production in ?shoot-clump? cultures of Narcissus confusus in liquid-shake medium, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol.17, issue.3, pp.191-199, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-2458-4_99

L. D. Beaudoin-eagan and T. A. Thorpe, Shikimate Pathway Activity during Shoot Initiation in Tobacco Callus Cultures, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol.73, issue.2, pp.228-232, 1983.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.73.2.228

C. Codina, Alkaloid synthesis and accumulation in Leucojum aestivum in vitro cultures, Nat. Prod. Commun, vol.4, pp.1-6, 2009.

V. Georgiev, A. Schumann, A. Pavlov, and B. Thomas, Temporary immersion systems in plant biotechnology, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.24, issue.132, pp.607-621, 2014.
DOI : 10.2478/V10133-010-0093-4

S. Debnath, Bioreactors and molecular analysis in berry crop micropropagation ??? A review, Canadian Journal of Plant Science, vol.34, issue.1, pp.147-157, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02822781

M. Yassen, T. Ahmad, G. Sablok, A. Standardi, and I. A. Hafiz, Review: role of carbon sources for in vitro plant growth and development, Molecular Biology Reports, vol.108, issue.5, pp.2837-2849, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00517.x

F. Afreen, Temporary immersion bioreactor, Plant tissue culture engineering, pp.187-201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-3694-1_11

P. Weathers, C. Liu, M. Towler, and B. Wyslouzil, Mist reactors: Principles, comparison of various systems, and case studies, Electron. J. Integr. Biosci, vol.3, pp.29-37, 2008.

P. Weathers, M. Towler, and J. Xu, Bench to batch: advances in plant cell culture for producing useful products, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.23, issue.8, pp.1339-1351, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-9423-3_1

V. Georgiev, T. Bley, and A. Pavlov, Bioreactors for the Cultivation of Red Beet Hairy Roots, Red beet biotechnology, pp.251-281, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4614-3458-0_11

V. Georgiev, A. Marchev, S. Berkov, and A. Pavlov, Plant In Vitro Systems as Sources of Tropane Alkaloids, Natural products, pp.173-211, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_6

J. L. Cuello and L. C. Yue, Ebb-and-Flow bioreactor regime and electrical elicitation: Eovel strategies for hairy root biochemical production, Electron. J. Integr. Biosci, vol.3, pp.45-56, 2008.

M. Georgiev and J. Weber, Bioreactors for plant cells: hardware configuration and internal environment optimization as tools for wider commercialization, Biotechnology Letters, vol.94, issue.7, pp.1359-1367, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00097-0

J. Steingroewer, T. Bley, V. Georgiev, I. Ivanov, F. Lenk et al., Bioprocessing of differentiated plant in vitro systems, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.35, issue.1, pp.26-38, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.07.009

J. Albarrán, B. Bertrand, M. Lartaud, and H. Etienne, Cycle characteristics in a temporary immersion bioreactor affect regeneration, morphology, water and mineral status of coffee (Coffea arabica) somatic embryos, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol.2, issue.1, pp.27-36, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-0307-7_12

W. Curtis, A. Tuerk, S. D. Gupta, and Y. Ibaraki, Oxygen transport in plant tissue culture systems, Plant tissue culture engineering, pp.173-186, 2006.

V. Georgiev, I. Ivanov, S. Berkov, and A. Pavlov, Temporary immersion systems for Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis by Pancratium maritimum L. shoot culture, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol.73, issue.7, pp.389-398, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/np9008255

I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, S. Berkov, and A. Pavlov, Alkaloid patterns in Leucojum aestivum shoot culture cultivated at temporary immersion conditions, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.169, issue.2, pp.206-211
DOI : 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.010

I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, M. Georgiev, M. Ilieva, and A. Pavlov, Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids Production by Leucojum aestivum L. Shoot Culture using a Temporary Immersion Technology, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.268-277
DOI : 10.1021/bp049678z

A. Ptak and J. G?dek, Micropropagation of Leucojum aestivum L. in bioreactor RITA, Biotechnologia, vol.2, pp.165-171, 2010.

B. Joseph and R. M. Priya, Bioactive Compounds from Endophytes and their Potential in Pharmaceutical Effect: A Review, American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.1, issue.3, pp.291-309, 2011.
DOI : 10.3923/ajbmb.2011.291.309

G. A. Strobel and B. Daisy, Bioprospecting for Microbial Endophytes and Their Natural Products, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.67, issue.4, pp.491-502, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.67.4.491-502.2003

V. Verma, P. Sudan, and A. Kour, Endophytes: A novel source for bioactive molecules, Proc. Indian natn. Acad, pp.73-86, 2008.

D. Wilson, Endophyte: The Evolution of a Term, and Clarification of Its Use and Definition, Oikos, vol.73, issue.2, pp.274-276, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/3545919

A. V. Sturz, B. R. Christie, and J. Nowak, Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/07352680091139169

S. Compant, C. Clement, and A. Sessitsch, Plant growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizo- and endosphere of plants: Their role, colonization, mechanisms involved and prospects for utilization, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.42, issue.5, pp.669-678, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.024

G. N. Brader, S. P. Compant, B. Mitter, F. Trognitz, and A. Sessitsch, Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, vol.27, pp.30-37
DOI : 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.012

J. M. Raaijmakers, I. De-bruijn, O. Nybroe, and M. Ongena, : more than surfactants and antibiotics, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.58, issue.6, pp.1037-1062, 2010.
DOI : 10.1006/pmpp.2001.0334

M. A. Lopez, G. Bannenberg, and C. Castresana, Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.420-427, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.002

I. Zabetakis, Enhancement of flavour biosynthesis from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) callus cultures by Methylobacterium species, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol.50, issue.3, pp.179-218, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005968913237

R. P. Ryan, K. Germaine, A. Franki, D. J. Ryan, and D. N. Nowling, Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.278, issue.1, pp.1-9, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00918.x

S. H. Guan, I. Sattler, W. H. Lin, D. A. Guo, and S. Grabley, subsp., Journal of Natural Products, vol.68, issue.8, pp.1198-1200, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/np0500777

D. Sevens and D. Yaver, Munumbicins, wide-spectrum antibiotics produced by Streptomyces NRRL 30562, endophytic on Kennedia nigriscans, pp.2675-2685, 2002.

M. Condron, D. Teplow, and G. A. Strobel, Ecomycins, unique antimycotics from Pseudomonas viridiflava, J. Appl. Micobiol, vol.84, pp.937-944, 1998.

W. M. Hess, Cryptocandin, a potent antimycotic from endophytic fungus Creptosporiopsis cf. quercina. Microbiology, pp.1919-1926, 1999.

D. P. Tomer and K. Oneill, Pestacin: a 1,3,-dihydro isobenufuran from Pestalotipsis microspora possessing antioxydant and antimycotic activities, Tetrahedron, vol.59, pp.2471-2476, 2003.

J. Y. Li, J. K. Harper, D. M. Grant, B. O. Tombe, B. Bashyal et al., Ambuic acid, a highly functionalized cyclohexenone with antifungal activity from Pestalotiopsis spp. and Monochaetia sp., Phytochemistry, vol.56, issue.5, pp.463-468, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00408-8

S. F. Brady and J. Clardy, CR377, a New Pentaketide Antifungal Agent Isolated from an Endophytic Fungus, Journal of Natural Products, vol.63, issue.10, pp.1447-1448, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/np990568p

B. Weber and D. Yaver, Coronamycins, peptide antibiotics produced by a verticillate Streptomyces sp. (MSU-2110) endophytic on Monstera sp, pp.785-793, 2004.

T. Anke, Metabolites from endophytes of the medicinal plant Erythrina cristagalli, Z. Naturforsch, vol.60, pp.467-477, 2005.

K. Runyon and J. B. , Naphtalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodor vitigenus, a novel endophytic fungus, pp.3737-3741, 2002.

L. Sun, Z. Lu, X. Bie, F. Lu, and S. Yang, Isolation and characterization of a co-producer of fengycins and surfactins, endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2, from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.34, issue.12, pp.1259-1266, 2006.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.39.888

J. Y. Liu, Y. C. Song, Z. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. J. Guo et al., Aspergillus fumigatus CY018, an endophytic fungus in Cynodon dactylon as a versatile producer of new and bioactive metabolites, Journal of Biotechnology, vol.114, issue.3, pp.279-287, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.008

A. Stierle, G. A. Strobel, and D. Stierle, Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific yew, Science, vol.260, issue.5105, pp.214-216, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8097061

A. Kumar, D. Patil, P. R. Rajamohanan, and A. Ahmad, Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Vinblastine and Vincristine from Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Catharanthus roseus, PLoS ONE, vol.968, issue.9, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0071805.t002

J. Y. Li, G. A. Strobel, R. Sidhu, W. M. Hess, and E. Ford, Endophytic taxol-producing fungi from bald cypress, Taxodium distichum, Microbiology, vol.142, issue.8, pp.2223-2226, 1996.
DOI : 10.1099/13500872-142-8-2223

R. X. Tan and W. X. Zou, Endophytes: a rich source of functional metabolites (1987 to 2000), Natural Product Reports, vol.18, issue.4, pp.448-459, 2001.
DOI : 10.1039/b100918o

E. Kohut, M. Ordogh, E. Jbmbor-benczr, and A. Mathe, Results with the establishment of in vitro culture of Leucojum aestivum, Int. J. Hortic. Sci, vol.13, p.67, 2007.

J. Szewczyk, A. H. Lewin, and F. I. Carroll, An improved synthesis of galanthamine, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol.26, issue.6, pp.1809-1811, 1988.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.26.3765

F. Rouessac and A. Rouessac, Analyse chimique, 2015.

M. Kreh, R. Matusch, and L. Witte, Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Phytochemistry, vol.38, issue.3, pp.773-776, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00725-9

S. Berkov, J. Bastida, F. Viladomat, and C. Codina, Development and validation of a GC???MS method for rapid determination of galanthamine in Leucojum aestivum and Narcissus ssp.: A metabolomic approach, Talanta, vol.83, issue.5, pp.1455-1465, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.029

S. Mitra and R. Brukh, Sample preparation: An analytical perspective In Sample preperation techniques in Analytical chemistry, 2003.

T. Mroczek, K. Gowniak, and J. Kowalska, Solid???liquid extraction and cation-exchange solid-phase extraction using a mixed-mode polymeric sorbent of Datura and related alkaloids, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.1107, issue.1-2, pp.9-18, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.034

E. Rodrigues, R. M. Codognoto, L. De-oliveira, and H. P. , Metallochlorophylls of magnesium, copper and zinc: Evaluation of the influence of the first coordination sphere on their solvatochromism and aggregation properties, J. Braz. Chem. Soc, vol.20, pp.1653-1658, 2009.

T. Mroczek, Highly efficient, selective and sensitive molecular screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors of natural origin by solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-octopole-orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and novel thin-layer chromatography-based bioautography, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.1216, issue.12, pp.2519-2528, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.061

M. Heinrich and H. Lee-teoh, Galanthamine from snowdrop???the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer???s disease from local Caucasian knowledge, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol.92, issue.2-3, pp.147-162, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012

A. Pavlov, S. Berkov, E. Courot, T. Gocheva, D. Tuneva et al., Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems, Process Biochemistry, vol.42, issue.4, pp.734-739, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.12.006

J. Zhao, W. H. Zhu, Q. Hu, and X. W. He, Imroved indole alkaloid production in Cataranthus roseus suspension cell culture by various chemicals, Biotechnology Letters, vol.22, issue.15, pp.1221-1226, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005696929724

K. Trujillo-villanueva, J. Rubio-pina, M. Monforte-gonzalez, and F. Vazquez-flota, Fusarium oxysporum homogenates and jasmonate induce limited sanguinarine accumulation in Argemone mexicana cell cultures, Biotechnology Letters, vol.59, issue.7, pp.1005-1009, 2010.
DOI : 10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900010014x

M. Monforte-gonzalez, A differential response to chemical elicitors in Catharanthus roseus in vitro cultures, Biotechnol. Lett, vol.31, pp.591-595, 2009.

G. Kai, S. Yang, Y. Zhang, X. Luo, X. Fu et al., Effects of different elicitors on yield of tropane alkaloids in hairy roots of Anisodus acutangulus, Molecular Biology Reports, vol.98, issue.7, pp.1721-1729, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11240-009-9568-0

A. El-mawla and A. , Effect of certain elicitors on production of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in hairy root cultures of Echium rauwolfii, Pharmazie, vol.65, pp.224-226, 2010.

T. Hatanaka, E. Sawabe, T. Azuma, N. Uchida, and T. Yasuda, The role of ethylene in somatic embryogenesis from leaf discs of Coffea canephora, Plant Science, vol.107, issue.2, pp.199-204, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04103-2

P. Nissen, Stimulation of somatic embryogenesis in carrot by ethylene: Effects of modulators of ethylene biosynthesis and action, Physiologia Plantarum, vol.12, issue.3, pp.397-403, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90420-X

N. L. Biddington, The influences of ethylene in plant tissue culture. Plant Growth Regul, pp.173-187, 1992.

D. R. Duncan and J. M. Widholm, Improved plant regeneration from maize callus cultures using AgNO3, Plant Physiol, vol.83, issue.35, p.208, 1987.

J. T. Chen and W. C. Chang, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic amid enhanced direct somatic embryogenesis from Oncidium leaf cultures, Biologia Plantarum, vol.46, issue.3, pp.455-458, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1024307025893

A. Yahia, C. Kevers, T. Gaspar, J. C. Chénieux, M. Rideau et al., Cytokinins and ethylene stimulate indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus by two distinct mechanisms, Plant Science, vol.133, issue.1, pp.9-15, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00014-4

K. H. Bae, Y. E. Choi, C. G. Shin, and Y. S. Kim, Enhanced Ginsenoside Productivity by Combination of Ethephon and Methyl Jasmoante in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Adventitious Root Cultures, Biotechnology Letters, vol.23, issue.15, pp.1163-1166, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10529-006-9071-1

S. K. Goyal and R. , Ethrel treatment enhanced isoflavonoids accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Pueraria tuberosa, a woody legume, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol.44, issue.6, pp.849-853, 2008.
DOI : 10.1201/b10756-4

H. Tabata, Paclitaxel Production by Plant-Cell-Culture Technology, Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol, vol.7, pp.1-23, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/b13538

K. Touno, J. Tamaoka, Y. Ohashi, and K. Shimomura, Ethylene induced shikonin biosynthesis in shoot culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, vol.43, issue.2, pp.101-105, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.01.004

C. R. Woese, Bacterial evolution, Microbiol. Rev, vol.51, pp.222-270, 1987.

S. Chakravorty, D. Helb, M. Burday, N. Connell, and D. Allan, A detailed analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene segments for the diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria, Journal of Microbiological Methods, vol.69, issue.2, pp.330-339, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.02.005

W. G. Weisburg, S. M. Barns, D. A. Pelletier, and D. J. Lane, 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.173, issue.2, pp.697-703, 1991.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991

E. Wilhelm, W. Arthofer, R. Schafleitner, and B. Krebs, Bacillus Subtilis an Endophyte of Chestnut (Castanea Sativa) as Antagonist Against Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria Parasitica), Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult, vol.52, pp.105-108, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-8951-2_40

S. Shweta, J. Hima-bindu, J. Raghu, B. L. Manjunatha, P. Mohana-kumara et al., Isolation of endophytic bacteria producing the anti-cancer alkaloid camptothecine from Miquelia dentata Bedd. (Icacinaceae), Phytomedicine, vol.20, issue.10, pp.913-917
DOI : 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.004

H. Yu, L. Zhang, L. Li, C. Zheng, L. Guo et al., Recent developments and future prospects of antimicrobial metabolites produced by endophytes, Microbiological Research, vol.165, issue.6, pp.437-449, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micres.2009.11.009

E. Osorio, S. M. Robledo, and J. Bastida, Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology,V ol, pp.113-190, 2008.

J. Bastida, R. Lavilla, and F. Viladomat, Chemical and biological aspects of Narcissus alkaloids The Alkaloids ,V ol, pp.87-179, 2006.

J. Liu, W. X. Hu, L. F. He, and M. Ye, Effects of lycorine on HL-60 cells via arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, FEBS Letters, vol.306, issue.3, pp.245-250, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01897-3

J. Eichhorn, T. Takada, Y. Kita, and M. H. Zenk, Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthaminefn2fn2Dedicatedto Prof. T. Hartmann, Braunschweig, on the occasion of his 60th birthday., Phytochemistry, vol.49, issue.4, pp.1037-1047, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01024-8

G. I. Kaya, B. Sarikaya, M. A. Onur, and N. U. Somer, Antiprotozoal alkaloids from Galanthus trojanus, Phytochemistry Letters, vol.4, issue.3, pp.301-305, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytol.2011.05.008

M. B. Kilgore, M. M. Augustin, C. M. Starks, and M. O-'neil-johnson, Cloning and characterization of an o r b e l l a d i n e4 ' -O-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the Alzheimer's drug galanthamine in Narcissus sp. aff. Pseudonarcissus, PLoS One, vol.2014, issue.9, p.103223

A. Singh and I. Desgagné-penix, Biosynthesis of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Plant Science Today, vol.1, issue.3, pp.114-120
DOI : 10.14719/pst.2014.1.3.41

C. Guillou, J. L. Beunard, E. Gras, and C. Thal, An Efficient Total Synthesis of (??)-Galanthamine, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.58, issue.24, pp.4745-4746, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/jo00067a019

P. Magnus, N. Sane, P. B. Fauber, and V. Lynch, Concise Syntheses of (???)-Galanthamine and (??)-Codeine via Intramolecular Alkylation of a Phenol Derivative, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.131, issue.44, pp.16045-16047, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ja9085534

I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, S. Berkov, and A. Pavlov, Alkaloid patterns in Leucojum aestivum shoot culture cultivated at temporary immersion conditions, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.169, issue.2, pp.206-211, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.010

I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, and A. Pavlov, Elicitation of galanthamine biosynthesis by Leucojum aestivum liquid shoot cultures, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.170, issue.12, pp.1122-1129, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.017

A. Pavlov, S. Berkov, E. Courot, and T. Gocheva, Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems, Process Biochemistry, vol.42, issue.4, pp.734-739, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.12.006

A. Ptak, M. Simlat, M. Kwiecien, and D. Laurain-mattar, plants propagated in in vitro bioreactor culture and on solid media containing cytokinins, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.2, issue.3, pp.261-270, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00332926

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01494090

A. Schumann, L. Torras-claveria, S. Berkov, and D. Claus, Eliciation of galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum shoots grown in temporary immersion system, Biotechnol. Prog, vol.24, pp.311-318, 2013.

V. Georgiev, A. Schumann, A. Pavlov, and T. Bley, Temporary immersion systems in plant biotechnology, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.24, issue.132, pp.607-621, 2014.
DOI : 10.2478/V10133-010-0093-4

S. Berkov, I. Ivanov, V. Georgiev, and C. Codina, Galanthamine biosynthesis in plant in vitro systems, Engineering in Life Sciences, vol.12, issue.6, pp.643-650, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/elsc.201100177

D. Laurain-mattar, Production of alkaloids in plant cell and tissue cultures Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants,S p r i n g e r - Ve r l a g B e r l i n , He i d e l b e r, pp.1-6

E. Tahchy, A. Boisbrun, M. Ptak, A. Dupire, and F. , New method for the study of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis using biotransformation of deuterium-labeled precursor in tissue cultures, Acta Biochim. Pol, vol.57, pp.75-82, 2010.

E. Tahchy, A. Ptak, A. Boisbrun, M. Barre, and E. , Kinetic study of the rearrangement of deuterium-labeled 4'-O- methylnorbelladine in Leucojum aestivum shoot cultures by mass spectrometry. Influence of precursor feeding on Amaryllidaceae alkaloid accumulation, J. Nat. Prod, pp.74-76, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00662945

D. H. Barton and T. Cohen, Some Biogenetic Aspects of Phenol Oxidation, p.117, 1957.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812795984_0031

T. Murashige and F. Skoog, A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures, Physiologia Plantarum, vol.7, issue.3, pp.473-497, 1962.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pp.02.060151.001311

J. Szewczyk, A. H. Lewin, and F. I. Carroll, An improved synthesis of galanthamine, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol.26, issue.6, pp.1809-1811, 1988.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.26.3765

S. E. Journée-de-rentrée-de-l-'école-doctorale, Novembre 2014 -Campus Bridoux, Posters International Symposium of AFERP & STOLON, pp.21-24, 2013.