.. Expressionsdel-'impédance, 50 ? Cinétiqueélectrochimique:loideButlerVolmer, p.62

D. B. Sepa and M. V. Vojnovic, Reaction intermediates as a controlling factor in the kineticsandmechanismofoxygenreductionatplatinumelectrodes, ElectrochimicaActa, pp.26-781, 1981.

U. A. Paulus, T. J. Schmidt, H. A. Gasteiger, and R. J. Behm, Oxygen reduction on a highsurfaceareaPt, Journal ofElectroanalyticalChemistry, pp.495134-145, 2001.

V. A. Paganin, E. A. Ticianelli, and E. R. Gonzalez, Development and electrochemical studies of gas diffusion electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol.26, issue.3, pp.11337-11380, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00242099

W. Y. Hsu, T. D. Gierke, . L. Koldew, . Baharb, . Advancedcompositepolymerelectrolytefuelcellmembranes et al., JournalofPowerSources Methods to advance technologyofprotonexchangemembranefuelcells Investigation of platinum utilization and morphology in catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, 174178. [14]WilsonM.S.,GottesfeldS,Thinfilmcatalystlayersforpolymerelectrolytefuelcell electrodes17. [15]SongJ.M. Thermoelectric coolers: structure and function [en ligne], disponible sur <http, pp.1395-2313013543712294, 1983.

B. V. Ecochemie, . Lig, . G. Pickupp, . Measurementofsingleelectrodepotentialsandimpedancesin-hydrogenanddirectmethanolpemfuelcellsliuz, . S. Wainrightj et al., Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries ChimiquesInsitumeasurementsofgaspermeabilityin fuel cell membranes using a cylindrical microelectrodeEtudenumériqueetexpérimentaledesécoulementsdansunepileàcombustiblePEM adaptableauxapplicationsembarquées Sine wave methods in the study of electrode processes On the impedance of potassium nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(II)compositeelectrodesthegeneralizationoftheRandlesmodel referring to inhomogeneous electrode materials Instrumental methods in electrochemistry, Chichester : Southampton Electrochemistry Group/Ellis Horwood Limited The numerical evaluation of the distortion of EIS data due to the distributionofparameters Impedances of electrochemical systems: terminology, nomenclatureandrepresentationPartI:Cellswithmetalelectrodesandliquidsolutions,Pureand AppliedChemistry Theory and problems of statistics On the impedance of electrodes with rough interfaces The analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element(2000)227229. [47] Zoltowski P., Comments on the paper 'On the ideal polarisability of electrodes displayingcpetypecapacitancedispersion'byA, User manual for General Purpose Electrochemical System (GPES) for Windows30]DiardJ.P.,GlandutN.,LeGorrecB.,MontellaC.,EISstudyoftheFeIII/FeIIredox coupleataNafioncoatedelectrode)269280. [31]BoillotM.,DidierjeanS.,LapicqueF.,Impedanceofarotatingdiscelectrodewitha reversiblereaction)11911197. [32]BoukampB.A.,Anonlinearleastsquaresfitprocedureforanalysisofimmittance dataofelectrochemicalsystems,SolidStateIonics Fractal dimension and fractionnal power frequency dependentimpedanceofblockingelectrodesPajkossyT.,Electrochemistryatfractalinterfaces:thecouplingofacand dcbehaviouratirregularelectrodes)230231. [48]SadkowskiA.,Responsetothe'Commentsontheidealpolarisabilityofelectrodes displaying cpetype capacitance dispersion. [56]ArgyropoulosP.,ScottK.,TaamaW.M.,Gasevolutionandpowerperformancein directmethanolfuelcellsCharacterizationof polymer electrolyte fuel cells using AC impedance spectroscopy Influence of poresize distributionofdiffusionlayeronmasstransportproblemsofprotonexchangemembranefuel cells,JournalofPowerSourcesAldebertP.,PineriM.,Volumicelectrodesoffuelcellswithpolymer electrolyte membranes: electrochemical performances and structural analysis by thermoporometry, pp.4949923935-59, 1941.

P. Gode, F. Jaouen, G. Lindbergh, A. Lundblad, S. L. Gdasilvas et al., Temperaturedependence of the electrode kinetics of oxygen reduction at the platinum/Nafion interface a microelectrodeinvestigation, Investigations of the O 2 reduction reactionattheplatinum/Nafioninterfaceusingasolidstateelectrochemicalcell)14551462. [67]ZhangL.,MaC.,MukerjeeS.,Oxygenreductionandtransportcharacteristicsata platinum and alternative proton conducting membrane interface Roberge R., Electrochemical impedance study of PEM fuel cells, p.4837568447, 1987.

J. Experimentaldiagnosticsandmodelingofaircathodes, . Defrancescom, . Cemmia, . Cardellinif, . Giorgil et al., Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogenatplatinummodifiedpolyanilineelectrodes Temperaturedependent hydrogen electrochemistryonplatinumlowindexsinglecrystalsurfacesinacidsolutions Analysis of performance losses in polymerelectrolytefuelcellsathighcurrentdensitiesbyimpedancespectroscopy, Comparisonofhigh surfacePt/Ccatalystsbycyclicvoltammetry,JournalofPowerSources24472457. [74]MelloR.M.Q.,TicianelliE.A.,Kineticstudyofthehydrogenoxidationreactionon platinumandNafioncoveredplatinumelectrodes,ElectrochimicaActa10311039. [75]149175. [78]ElamM.,ConwayB.E.,StateofoverpotentialdepositedHspeciesatelectroplated platinumsurfacesincomparisonwithbrightplatinum 10021020. [79]TilakB.V.,ChenC.P.,GeneralizedanalyticalexpressionsforTafelslopereaction orderanda.c.impedanceforthehydrogenevolutionreaction(HER):mechanismofHERon platinuminalkalinemedia Electrochemical impedance spectraofsolidoxidefuelcellsandpolymermembranefuelcells Modelistic interpretation of the impedance response of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, pp.105105401-47434246, 1319.

N. Wagner, . Vermeijlenj, . J. Janssenl, . J. Visserg, F. A. Mechanismofhydrogenoxidationona-platinumloadedgasdiffusionelectrode-de-bruijn et al., The influenceofcarbondioxideonPEMfuelcellanodes Electrocatalysis of reformate tolerance in protonexchangemembranefuelcells:PartI,JournalofElectroanalyticalChemistryNewevidencesupportstheproposed mechanism for O 2 reduction at oxide free platinum electrodes A confirmation of the O 2 reduction mechanismatPtelectrodesfromtemperaturestudies The platinum microelectrode/Nafion ® interface: an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of oxygenreductionkineticsandNafioncharacteristics, 249255. [90]615628. [92]SepaD.B.,VojnovicM.V.,KineticsandmechanismofO 2 reductionatPtinalkaline solutionsPressuredependenceof the oxygen reduction reaction at the platinum microelectrode/Nafion ® interface: electrode kineticsandmasstransport 16341641. [98]BasuraV.I.,BeattieP.D.,HoldcroftS.,Solidstateelectrochemicaloxygenreduction at Pt|Nafion ® 117 and Pt|BAM3G TM 407 interfaces, pp.3227110554-55571122529139193, 1967.

J. Perez, A. A. Tanaka, E. R. Gonzalez, E. A. Ticianelli, . Perezj et al., Oxygen electrocatalysis on thin porous coatingrotatingplatinumelectrodesElectrolyteeffectsonoxygenreduction kineticsatplatinum:arotatingdiscelectrodeanalysis,ElectrochimicaActaDeviationfromthepolarizationresistance due to nonlinearity I. Theoritical formulation Modelling impedance diagramsofactivelayersingasdiffusionelectrodes:diffusion,ohmicdropeffectsandmultistep reactions, Application of the floodedagglomerate model to study oxygen reduction on thin porous coating rotating disk electrode18. [103]691697. [104]Onelayer,twolayers,etc.An introductiontotheEISstudyofmultilayerselectrodes.Part1:Theory,JournalofElectroanalytical Chemistry,578(2005)247257. [107]RhoY.W.,VelevO.A.,SrinivasanS.,KhoY.T.,Masstransportphenomenain protonexchangemembranefuelcellsusingO 2 /He Mass transport phenomena in proton exchangemembranefuelcellsusingO 2 /He20892096. [109] Boillot M., Didierjean S., Lapicque F., Residence time distributions of gases in labscalepolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcells(PEMFC),ChemicalEngineeringScience) 11871192. [110]Quintech,Catalog?ResearchandDevelopment?. [111] Danckwerts P. V., Continuous flow systems. Distribution of residence times, ChemicalEngineeringScienceProblématiquedeladéterminationexpérimentale del'hydrodynamiquedanslesmicroréacteurs:limitesdel'utilisationdelaméthodedestemps deséjour, pp.14144285271411416031-448, 1953.

J. M. Commenge, L. Falk, J. P. Corriou, M. Matlosz, M. Dudukovic et al., Distribution of gas flow in internally manifolded solidoxidefuelcells Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC): analysis of residence time behaviour of anodic flow bed Structural and transport properties of perfluorinated ionexchange membranes Sorption and diffusionbehavioursofwaterinNafion117membraneswithdifferentcounterions,Desalination Determination of water diffusion coefficients in perfluorosulfonate ionomeric membranes Equilibrium and diffusion of methanol and water in a Nafion117membraneWater uptake ofperfluorosulfonic acid membranes from liquid water and water vaporModelingofconductivetransportin protonexchange membranes for fuel cells Elastic theory for ionic clustering in perfluorinated ionomers A new multipletcluster model for the morphologyofrandomionomers)227241. [128] Futerko P., Hsing I. M., Thermodynamics of water vapor uptake in perfluorosulfonicacidmembranes Physical properties and supermolecular structure of perfluorinated ioncontaining (Nafion) polymers Studies on ionexchange membranes, 437504. [119]ReucroftP.J.,RivinD.,SchneiderN.S.,ThermodynamicsofNafion TM vapour interactionsI.Watervapour,Polymer351357. [121]ProtonNMRmethodforthequantitative determination of the water content of the polymeric fluorosulfonic acid NafionH 875898. [131]LundbergJ.L.261281. [132] Starkweather H. W., Some aspects of water clusters in polymer Evidence of elongated polymeric aggregatesinNafion. [134] Futerko P., Hsing I. M., Twodimensional finiteelement method study of the resistance of membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, pp.48665943-147461523146313540504055, 1971.

J. L. Effectofhumidityontheconductivityofnafion, . V. Anantaramana, F. N. Measurementofmembraneconductivitiesusing-andopenendedcoaxialprobe-büchi, and G. G. Scherer, Insitu measurements of Nafion 117 membranes in polymerelectrolytefuelcells, JournalofElectroanalyticalChemistryJournalofElectroanalyticalChemistry, pp.41439540437-43, 1995.

Y. Sone, P. Ekdunge, and D. Simonsson, Proton conductivity of Nafion 117 as measured by a fourelectrode AC impedance method, 12541259. [142]SladeS, pp.149-1556, 1996.