A. Saab and S. , Amélioration des performances productives et reproductives des petits ruminants au Liban. Mémoire d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches, 2001.

A. Saab, S. Sleiman, F. T. Nassar, K. H. Chemaly, I. El-skaff et al., Implications of high and low protein levels on puberty and sexual maturity of growing male goat kids, Small Ruminant Research, vol.25, issue.1, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00972-8

M. Abido, Forest Ecology, 2000.

K. A. Annan, The Secretary-General's Message on World Environment Day, United Nations, 2002.

. Anonyme, Integrated Product Policy Building on Environmental Life-Cycle Thinking. Communication from the commission to the council and the European parliament commission of the European communities, Belgique COM, vol.302, 2003.

A. F. Appleton, Sustainability: A practitioner's reflection, Technology in Society, vol.28, issue.1-2, pp.3-18, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.10.001

S. Arnaout, Options for Vehicle Waste Oil Management in Lebanon, 1997.

E. Audsley, S. Alber, R. Clift, S. Cowell, P. Crettaz et al., Harmonisation of environmental life cycle assessment for agriculture, Final Report Concerted Action AIR3-CT94-2028. Silsoe Research Institute, 1997.

S. Bauer and S. Mickan, Necessity for integration of agriculture, regional and environmental policy for disadvantaged rural areas, Livestock Systems in European Rural Development. LSIRD Network. Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, pp.115-124, 1997.

W. Berry, Home Economics, 1987.

V. Bhaskar and A. Glyn, The North, the South and the Environment, 1995.

E. E. Biewinga and G. Van-der-bijl, Sustainability of energy crops. A methodology developed and applied, Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CLM), 1996.

R. Blinc, A. Zidan?ek, and I. ?laus, Sustainable development after Johannesburg and Iraq: The global situation and the cases of Slovenia and Croatia, Energy, vol.31, issue.13, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.energy.2006.01.023

C. Bockstaller and P. Girardin, Faisabilité de la Production Intégrée en grande culture, 2000.

C. Bockstaller, M. Reinsch, and P. Girardin, Mise en oeuvre d'indicateurs agroécologiques : élargissement à d'autres systèmes de cultures, application en zones sensibles, informatisation du calcul, 2001.

S. Bonny, Les possibilités d'un modèle de développement durable en agriculture le cas de la France. Courrier de l'environnement de l'INRA, pp.5-15, 1994.

N. Bossis, Première analyse de la durabilité des systèmes caprins, La chèvre, vol.265, pp.33-37, 2004.

A. Bourbouze and P. Donadieu, L'élevage sur parcours en régions méditerranéennes. (Rangeland farming systems in Mediterranean region) Montpellier: CIHEAM-IAMM, 100 p. : ill., réf., tabl. (Options Médit. : Série Etudes, 1987.

A. Bourbouze and R. Rubino, Grandeur, décadence et renouveau sur les terres utilisées en commun dans les pays de la Méditerranée, Pub. Ars Grafica. Villa d'Agri (Italy), pp.9-23, 1992.

J. Boyazoglu and J. C. Flamant, The actual state and the future of animal production in the Mediterranean ranglands, Procceding 4 Congres International des Terres a Parcours, pp.1017-1025, 1990.

J. Boyazoglu and P. Morand-fehr, Mediterranean dairy sheep and goat products and their quality, Small Ruminant Research, vol.40, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00203-0

J. G. Boyazoglu and J. C. Flamant, Mediterranean systems of animal production The World of Pastoralism, pp.353-393, 1990.

F. Brentrup, J. Küsters, H. Kuhlmann, and J. Lammel, Application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to agricultural production: an example of sugar beet production with different forms of nitrogen fertilisers, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.14, issue.3, pp.221-233, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00098-8

R. L. Brown, N. Lenssen, and H. Kane, Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, 1995.

J. Bryden and M. Shucksmith, The concept of sustainability in relation to agriculture and rural development in the European Union In integrated concepts of sustainability into eduction dor agriculture and rural development, p.321, 2000.

R. Capello and P. Nijkamp, In search of sustainable human settlements, Ecological Economics, vol.40, issue.2, pp.151-155, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00251-8

C. Cederberg and B. Mattsson, Life cycle assessment of milk production ??? a comparison of conventional and organic farming, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.8, issue.1, pp.49-60, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-6526(99)00311-X

P. Charlet and J. C. Le-jaouen, Les populations caprines du bassin méditerranéen : Aptitudes et évolution (Goats populations of mediterranean region: Aptitude and evolution) Options Médit, pp.45-55, 1976.

P. S. Cocks and E. F. Thomson, Increasing Feed Resources for Small Ruminants in the Mediterranean Basin, Increasing Small Ruminants Productivity in Semi-Aride Areas, pp.51-66, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-1317-2_4

N. Cossement, Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthode de diagnostic agrienvironmental en Région wallonne sur base d'un logiciel français. Mémoire de fin d'études, Année académique, 1999.

J. P. Dalsgaard and R. T. Oficial, A quantitative approach for assessing the productive performance and ecological contributions of smallholder farms, Agricultural Systems, vol.55, issue.4, pp.503-533, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(97)00022-X

T. Darwish, T. Atallah, M. Moujabber, and N. Khatib, Salinity evolution and crop response to secondary soil salinity in two agro-climatic zones in Lebanon, Agricultural Water Management, vol.78, issue.1-2, pp.152-164, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.020

T. Darwish, T. Atallah, M. El-khatib, and S. Hajhasan, Impact of irrigation and fertilization on NO3 leaching and soil-ground water contamination in Lebanon, Proceedings of the Transactions 17th World Congress of Soil Science, pp.13-21, 2002.

T. Darwish, T. Atallah, S. Hajhasan, and A. Chranek, Management of nitrogen by fertigation of potato in Lebanon, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, vol.67, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1025107202143

D. Boer and I. J. , Environmental impact assessment of conventional and organic milk production, Livestock Production Science, vol.80, issue.1-2, pp.69-77, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00322-6

D. Koning, G. H. Van-de-kop, P. J. Fresco, and L. O. , Estimates of sub-national nutrient balances as sustainability indicators for agro-ecosystems in Ecuador, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.65, issue.2, pp.127-139, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00059-5

D. Kruijf, H. A. Van-vuuren, and D. P. , Following sustainable development in relation to the North?South dialogue: ecosystem health and sustainability indicators. Ecotoxicology and Environ-mental Safety, pp.4-14, 1998.

D. Rancourt, M. Fois, N. Lavin, M. P. Tchakérian, E. Vallerand et al., Mediterranean sheep and goats production: An uncertain future, Small Ruminant Research, vol.62, issue.3, pp.167-179, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.012

D. Rancourt, M. Fois, N. Lavin, M. P. Tchakérian, E. Vallerand et al., Mediterranean sheep and goats production: An uncertain future, Small Ruminant Research, vol.62, issue.3, pp.167-179, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.012

C. Debouche, Ecoferme un logiciel d'évaluation environnementale. A paraître dans « Les Nouvellles, 2003.

C. Debouche and J. Lambin, L'écobilan de l'exploitation agricole. 7 ème Colloque international des spécialistes francophones en évaluation d'impacts, Juin, pp.10-14, 2002.

J. Delaunay, (traduction) Halte à la croissance. Fayard, 1972.

D. Castri and F. , Mediterranean-type shrublands of the world, 1981.

I. Doussan, E. Thannberger-gaillarde, and L. Thiébaut, L'environnement, objet de contrat entre l'agriculture et la soci???t????, Nature Sciences Soci???t???s, vol.8, issue.2, pp.5-16, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1240-1307(00)80002-3

J. Dubose, J. D. Frost, J. A. Chamaeau, and J. A. Vanegas, Sustainable development and technology, The Environmentally Educated Engineer, D. Elms, and D. Wilkinsin (eds). Canterbury: Center for Advanced Engineering, 1995.

H. Eckert, G. Breitschuh, and D. Sauerbeck, Kriterien umweltverträglicher Landwirtschaft (KUL): ein Verfahren zur ökologischen Bewertung von Landwirtschaftsbetrieben, Agribiological Research, vol.52, pp.57-76, 1999.

E. Aich, A. Morand-fehr, P. Laudau, S. Napoleone, M. Bourboze et al., Goat production systems in the Mediterranean Socioeconomics and The Land Manager, Proc. Of Third International Symposium Systems: Research, Development, pp.165-171, 1996.

E. Aich, A. Waterhouse, and A. , Small ruminants in environmental conservation, Small Ruminant Research, vol.34, issue.3, pp.271-287, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00079-6

M. El-fadel and M. Massoud, Particulate matter in urban areas: health-based economic assessment, Science of The Total Environment, vol.257, issue.2-3, pp.133-146, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00503-9

F. Stat, Water resources in Lebanon, Proceedings of the national workshop of the status of water in Lebanon, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), pp.17-29, 1992.

J. C. Flamant, Characteristics and evolution of the livestock production systems in the marginal areas of the European Mediterranean countries, 45 th EAAP Annual Meeting, pp.5-8, 1994.

H. G. Fowler and A. D. De-aguiar, Environmental impact assessment in Brazil, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.13, issue.3, pp.169-76, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0195-9255(93)90030-F

C. A. Francis, C. Butler-flora, and L. D. King, Sustainable agriculture in temperate zones, 1990.

E. Frappas, Test d'une méthode d'évaluation de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles. La méthode IDEA, 1999.

F. Centre, Diage; manuel d'utilisation et logiciel, 2002.

C. Gall, Goats in Agriculture: Distribution, Importance and Developpement, Goat Production. Academic press, pp.1-32, 1981.

G. Gallopín, Indicators and their use: information for decision making, Sustainability Indicators. Report on the project on Indicators of Sustainable Development, 1997.

A. Gibon, Mutations des systèmes d'élevage et utilisation des espaces pastoraux privés et collectifs dans les Pyrénées centrales, 1997.

N. Nasr, Pastoralisme et foncier : impact du régime foncier sur la gestion de l'espace pastoral et la conduite des troupeaux en régions arides et semi-arides . Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 1997. p. 69-80: 22 réf., 1 tabl

G. Gintzburger, Seasonal Variation in Above-Ground Annual and Perennial Phytomass of an Arid Rangeland in Libya, Journal of Range Management, vol.39, issue.4, pp.348-353, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/3899778

P. Girardin and C. Bockstaller, Les indicateurs agro-écologiques outils pour évaluer les systèmes de culture. Oléagineux Corps Gras Lipides, pp.418-444, 1997.

P. Girardin, C. Bockstaller, and H. Van-der-werf, Indicators: Tools to Evaluate the Environmental Impacts of Farming Systems, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, vol.3, issue.4, pp.5-21, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3246-6_8

P. Girardin, C. Bockstaller, and H. M. Van-der-werf, Assessment of potential impacts of agricultural practices on the environment, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.20, issue.2, pp.227-239, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0195-9255(99)00036-0

N. A. Glenn and D. J. Pannell, The Economics and Application of Sustainability Indicators in Agriculture, Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, 1998.

R. S. Gottlieb, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment Lebanon: Assessment of the State of the Environment, Final Report. Beyrouth (Liban), 1995.

G. Haas, F. Wetterich, and U. Köpke, Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.83, issue.1-2, pp.43-53, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00160-2

E. Hajj, Enquête sur l'élevage caprin au Liban, pp.37-40, 1999.

S. K. Hamadeh, F. Shomo, T. Nordblom, A. Goodchild, and G. Gintzburger, Small ruminant production in Lebanon's Beka'a Valley, Small Ruminant Research, vol.21, issue.3, pp.173-180, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00831-4

H. Hammud, Quality and pollution studies of water in Lebanon Dimensions of Pollution, pp.47-57, 2002.

F. Häni, F. Braga, A. Stämpfli, T. Keller, M. Fischer et al., RISE, a Tool for Holistic Sustainability Assessment at the Farm Level. IAMA. Available online, 2003.

F. Häni, A. Stämpfli, and T. Keller, ADAMA: un outil d'analyse de la durabilité au niveau de l'exploitation (Analyse de la Durabilité Axée sur des Mesures Adaptées), pp.41-47, 2002.

F. Häni, A. Stämpfli, and T. Keller, Une méthode applicable dans le monde entier, Evaluer la durabilité au niveau de l'exploitation agricole par la méthode RISE. Travaux et innovations N?110, pp.51-54, 2005.

J. W. Hansen, Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept?, Agricultural Systems, vol.50, issue.2, pp.117-143, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00011-S

J. W. Hansen and J. W. Jones, A systems framework for characterizing farm sustainability, Agricultural Systems, vol.51, issue.2, pp.185-201, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(95)00036-5

H. Harbel and H. Schandl, Indicators for Sustainable Land Use: concepts for the analysis of society-nature interrelations and impications for sustainable development, 1999.

P. Hardi and T. J. Zdan, Assessing Sustainable Development ? Principles in Practice, International. Institute for Sustainable Development, 1997.

R. R. Harwood, An history of sustainable agriculture, Sustainable agricultural systems, pp.3-19, 1990.

M. G. Hayo, H. M. Van-der-werf, and J. Petit, Evaluation of the environmental impact of agriculture at the farm level: a comparison and analysis of 12 indicator-based methods, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ, vol.93, pp.131-145, 2002.

C. Hilan, La transformation de la viande rouge au Liban, 1998.

C. Hosri, Effets de l'introduction d'enveloppes de sésame et de brisures de lentilles dans la ration sur la production et la composition du lait de chèvre au Liban, Thèse de doctorat, 2003.

D. L. Huss, Goat response to use of shrubs as forage Wildland shrubs -their biology and utilization, pp.331-338, 1972.

J. Ikerd, Two related but distinctly different concepts: organic farming and sustainable agriculture, Small Farm Today, vol.10, pp.30-31, 1993.

L. Iñiguez, Goats in resource-poor systems in the dry environments of West Asia, Central Asia and the Inter-Andean valleys, Small Ruminant Research, vol.51, issue.2, pp.137-144, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.08.014

O. Jolliet, Bilan écologique de la production de tomates en serre. Revue suisse Vitic, Arboric. Hortic, vol.25, pp.261-267, 1993.

O. Jolliet, Bilan écologique de procédés thermique, mécanique et chimique pour le défanage des pommes de terre, Revue suisse Agric, vol.26, pp.83-90, 1994.

H. Jonas, The Imperative of Responsibility ? In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age, 1985.

U. Josselin, Protection des eaux de surface: diagnostic a l'echelle du territoire et de l'explotation agricole. TS Agro-environnement et aménagement rural, 2001.

M. Jurdi, Follow up national environmental surveillance, 1996.

D. Kababya, A. Perevolotsky, I. Bruckental, and S. Landau, Selection of diets by dual-purpose Mamber goats in Mediterranean woodland, The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.131, issue.2, pp.221-228, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0021859698005577

F. Kalfoun, Le développement durable par l'exemple: le cas du changement climatique, 2005.

M. Keskin, Effect of Rearing Systems on Kid Performance, Lactation Traits and Profitability of Shami (Damascus) Goats, Journal of Applied Animal Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.267-271, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/09712119.2002.9706409

K. Khair, N. Aker, F. Haddad, M. Jurdi, and A. Hachach, The environmental impacts of humans on groundwater in Lebanon, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.1, issue.2, pp.37-49, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00475666

M. Khawlie, M. Awad, A. Shaban, R. Bou-kheir, and C. Abdallah, Remote sensing for environmental protection of the eastern Mediterranean rugged mountainous areas, Lebanon, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol.57, issue.1-2, pp.13-23, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-2716(02)00115-6

F. H. King, Farmers for Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan. Mrs. F. H. King, 1911.

E. Landais, Agriculture durable: les fondements d'un nouveau contract social. Courrier de l'environnement de l'INRA, pp.5-22, 1998.

E. Landais and G. Balent, Introduction à l'étude des systèmes d'élevage extensif. Pratiques d'élevage extensif. Identifier, modéliser, évaluer, INRA Etudes et Recherches sur les Systèmes Agraires et le Développement, 2001.

L. Houerou, H. N. Hoste, and C. H. , Rangeland Production and Annual Rainfall Relations in the Mediterranean Basin and in the African Sahelo-Sudanian Zone, Journal of Range Management, vol.30, issue.3, pp.181-189, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/3897463

K. A. Lewis and K. S. Bardon, A computer-based informal environmental management system for agriculture, Environmental Modelling and Software, vol.13, issue.2, pp.123-137, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1364-8152(98)00010-3

L. Liacos, Livestock grazing in Mediterranean forests In Incontri internazionali: problem) della conservazione e ricostituzione della copertura forestale, pp.6-11, 1980.

M. A. Fao, Stratégie de développement agricole du Liban, Ministère de l'agriculture et FAO Projet, Assistance au Recensement Agricole, 2004.

J. S. Marsh, The policy approach to sustainable farming systems in the EU, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.64, issue.2, pp.103-114, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00028-5

R. Masri, Environmental challenges in Lebanon, J. Dev. Soc, vol.13, pp.73-115, 1997.

M. A. Massoud, M. El-fadel, M. D. Scrimshaw, and J. N. Lester, Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon II: Seasonal and annual variation, Science of The Total Environment, vol.362, issue.1-3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.056

P. Mayrhofer, C. Steiner, E. Gärber, and E. Gruber, Regional-programm Ökopunkte Niederösterreich, Informationsheft. NÖ Landschaftsfonds, 1996.

D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. W. Behrens, The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind, 1972.
DOI : 10.1349/ddlp.1

D. Mebratu, Sustainability and sustainable development, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.18, issue.6, pp.493-520, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0195-9255(98)00019-5

M. Wb, Lebanon Assessment of the State of Environment for the Ministry of Environment, 1995.

L. Moreau, Analyse de la méthode des indicateurs de durabilité des exploitations agricoles, 1999.

S. G. Moussa, M. El-fadel, and N. A. Saliba, Seasonal, diurnal and nocturnal behaviors of lower carbonyl compounds in the urban environment of Beirut, Lebanon, Atmospheric Environment, vol.40, issue.14, pp.2459-2468, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.031

I. Nahal, Study on sustainable forest resources development in Syria, pp.29-67, 1995.

A. Nardone, G. Zervas, and B. Ronchi, Sustainability of small ruminant organic systems of production, Livestock Production Science, vol.90, issue.1, pp.27-39, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.07.004

A. E. Osman and P. S. Cocks, Prospects for Improving Mediterranean Grasslands in Lebanon through Seeding, Fertilization and Protection from Grazing, Experimental Agriculture, vol.26, issue.04, pp.461-471, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/3894229

M. Owaygen, Protecting Nature and Rural Agricultural Development: The Integration of Ecotourism in Northern Lebanon, Farming Systems and Resource Economics in the Tropics, vol.34, 1999.

D. F. Owen, Drought and Desertification in Africa: Lessons from the Nairobi Conference, Oikos, vol.33, issue.2, pp.139-151, 1979.
DOI : 10.2307/3543991

T. G. Papachristou, L. E. Dziba, and F. D. Provenza, Foraging ecology of goats and sheep on wooded rangelands, Small Ruminant Research, vol.59, issue.2-3, pp.141-156, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.003

V. P. Papanastasis, Intégrer la chèvre à la forêt méditerranéenne. 9 e Congrès forestier mondial, 1985.

J. Park and R. A. Seaton, Integrative research and sustainable agriculture, Agricultural Systems, vol.50, issue.1, pp.81-100, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-521X(94)00050-2

D. Pearce, E. Markyanda, and D. Barbier, Blueprint for a green economy, 1989.

J. Peigne, Indicateurs de durabilité des exploitations agricoles Test de la méthode IDEA dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, 1999.

A. Perevolotsky, S. Landau, D. Kababya, and E. D. Ungar, Diet selection in dairy goats grazing woody Mediterranean rangeland, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol.57, issue.1-2, pp.117-131, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00120-2

F. Pervanchon, L'arbre de l'exploitation agricole durable: Construire en groupe son projet d'agriculture durable. Travaux et innovations N?110, pp.5-8, 2005.

F. Pervanchon and A. Et-blouet, Jeux et enjeux de mot: cas de l'adjectif « durable, Bois et forêts des tropiques, pp.37-50, 2003.

D. Peschard, M. B. Galan, and H. Boizard, Tools for evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural practices at the farm level: analysis of 5 agri-environmental methods. OECD expert meeting on farm management indicators for agriculture and the environment, pp.8-12, 2004.

J. Pisanty-levy, Mexico's environmental assessment experience, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.13, issue.4, pp.267-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0195-9255(93)90036-B

P. Pointereau and J. L. Bochu, Diagnostic agri-environnemental: 6 méthodes passées à la loupe, Travaux et Innovations, vol.38, pp.25-40, 1997.

P. Pointereau, J. L. Bochu, S. Doublet, I. Meiffren, C. Dimkic et al., Le diagnostic agri-environnemental pour une agriculture respectueuse de l'environnement, 1999.

M. Redclift, The meaning of sustainable development, Geoforum, vol.23, issue.3, pp.395-403, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7185(92)90050-E

D. Rigby and D. Cáceres, Organic farming and the sustainability of agricultural systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.68, issue.1, pp.21-40, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00060-3

D. Rigby, P. Woodhouse, T. Young, and M. Burton, Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice, Ecological Economics, vol.39, issue.3, pp.463-478, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00245-2

D. Rossier, L'écobilan, outil de gestion écologique de l'exploitation agricole? Revue suisse Agric, pp.179-185, 1999.

D. Rossier and G. Gaillard, Bilan écologique de l'exploitation agricole ? Méthode et application à 50 entreprises. Rapport demandé par l'Office Fédéral de l, 2001.

W. A. Rossing, J. E. Jansma, F. J. De-ruijter, and J. Schans, Operationalising sustainability: exploring options for environmentally friendly flower bulb production systems, European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol.103, issue.3, pp.217-234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008609624648

R. Rouda, Livestock production in Southern Lebanon, pp.115-118, 1992.

R. Saade, L'agriculture dans le collimateur de la reconstruction, 1996.

M. Sanchez-rodriguez, A. G. Gomez-castro, V. Domenech-garcia, and C. Mata-moreno, Goat husbandry systems in marginal areas of the Mediterranean, Proc. Inter Symp. on The Optimal Exploitation of Marginal Mediterranean Areas by Extensive Ruminant Production Sytems, pp.338-339, 1996.

M. Sarraf, B. Larsen, and M. Owaygen, Cost of Environmental Degradation ? The Case of Lebanon and Tunisia. Environment Department Paper No. 97, 2004.

N. Shaller, The concept of agricultural sustainability, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.46, issue.1-4, pp.89-97, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90016-I

N. Silanikove, Why goats raised on harsh environment perform better than other domesticated animals, Options Médit, vol.34, pp.185-194, 1997.

C. Sneddon, R. B. Howarth, and R. B. Norgaard, Sustainable development in a post-Brundtland world, Ecological Economics, vol.57, issue.2, pp.253-268, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.013

G. Srour, M. Marie, A. Saab, and S. , Typologie des systèmes d'élevage des petits ruminants au Liban, Rencontres Recherches Ruminants, vol.11, pp.8-9, 2004.

G. Srour, M. Marie, A. Saab, and S. , Performances productives des élevages caprins et ovins au Liban (Productive performances of sheep and goat breeding systems in Lebanon). Options Médit, 2006.

B. Szyska, M. Bach, L. Breuer, and H. G. Frede, Indicators for a sustainable agriculture: a farmstead approach to model N-trace gas emissions from agricultural crop production in Germany, Geophysical Research Abstract, vol.7, 2005.

J. V. Thirgood, Man and the Mediterranean Forest: A History of Resource Depletion, 1981.

J. L. Tisserand, M. Hadjipanayiotou, and E. A. Gihad, Digestion in goats Goat Nutrition, 1991.

P. Vereijken, A methodical way of prototyping integrated and ecological arable farming systems (I/EAFS) in interaction with pilot farms, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.7, issue.1-3, pp.235-250, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1161-0301(97)00039-7

P. Viaux, Une troisième voie en Grande Culture ? Environnement, Qualité, Rentabilité. Editions Agridécisions, vol.211, 1999.

P. Viaux, Pour une agriculture durable. Vous avez dit durable, mais est vraiment mesurable? Arvalis, Revue Perspectives Agricoles, pp.18-24, 2003.

C. Vidal and P. Et-marquer, Vers une agriculture européenne durable: Outils et méthodes. Educagri éditions, 2002.

L. Vilain, La méthode IDEA: Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles - Guide d'utilisation, deuxième édition enrichie et élargie à l'arboriculture, au maraîchage et à l'horticulture, Educagri éditions, 2003.

D. Wall, Green History, 1994.
DOI : 10.4324/9780203410134

H. Willer and M. Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends. IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements), 2005.

O. B. Williams, Evolution of grazing systems, B1: Grazing animals " . Amesterdam, pp.1-12, 1981.

F. Zahm, P. Viaux, P. Girardin, L. Vilain, and C. Mouchet, Farm Sustainability Assessment using the IDEA Method: From the concept of farm sustainability to case studies on French farms, International Forum on Assessing Sustainability in Agriculture " From common principles to common practice " . INFASA Symposium, 2006.

G. Zervas, K. Fegeros, and G. Papadopolous, Feeding system of sheep in a mountainous area of Greece, Small Ruminant Research, vol.21, issue.1, pp.11-17, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00820-9

R. Zurayk and L. Moubayed, Land Degradation and Mitigation in the Lebanese Mountains, the Breakdown of Traditional Systems, 1994.