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R. En-premier-lieu,-je-remercie and M. Esling, directeur de thèse, pour l'accueil qu'il m'a réservé et pour la confiance qu'il m'a accordée en me proposant ce sujet

M. Mes-remerciements-vont-À and . Zuo, Université de Shenyang (Chine) pour avoir accepté mon inscription en cotutelle

. Je-remercie-tout-particulièrement-mme and . Maloufi, maître de conférences habilitée à diriger des recherches à l'Université de Metz, qui m'a fait bénéficier de son expérience par les discussions que nous avons eues, et qui a su me guider et m

J. 'exprime-toute-ma-reconnaissance-À and M. Borchard, Université de Clausthal (Allemagne), ainsi qu'à M. Qi et M. Zhao, professeurs à l'Université de Shenyang (Chine), pour l'honneur qu'ils m

M. Mes-remerciements-vont-Également-À and . Douine, maître de conférences à l'université de Nancy, pour la réalisation des mesures électriques et pour ses précieux conseils

. Enfin, je remercie l'ensemble des membres du LETAM, qui d'une façon ou d'une autre ont contribué à la réussite de ce travail