L. Cerruti, Historical and Philosophical Remarks on Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, A Discourse on Industrial Catalysis, Inter J. for Philosophy of Chemistry, vol.5, issue.1, pp.3-41, 1999.

K. Ziegler, E. Holzkamp, H. Martin, and H. Breil, Polymerisation von ??thylen und anderen Olefinen, Angewandte Chemie, vol.4, issue.16, p.426, 1955.
DOI : 10.1002/ange.19550671610

K. Ziegler, E. Holzkamp, H. Martin, and H. Breil, Das M??lheimer Normaldruck-Poly??thylen-Verfahren, Angewandte Chemie, vol.67, issue.19-20, pp.541-547, 1955.
DOI : 10.1002/ange.19550671902

G. Natta, Une Nouvelle Classe de Polymeres d?????-Olefines ayant une R??gularit?? de Structure Exceptionnelle, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol.44, issue.3, p.143, 1955.
DOI : 10.1002/pola.1996.810

P. Corradini and . Comments-on, une nouvelle classe de polymeres d'?-olefines ayant une régularité de structure exceptionnelle, Natta, J. Polym. Sci., XVI J. of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, issue.3, pp.143-177, 1955.

. Kirk-othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, pp.785-819

P. Galli and G. Vecellio, Technology: driving force behind innovation and growth of polyolefins, Progress in Polymer Science, vol.26, issue.8, pp.1287-1336, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00029-6

A. G. Mattos-neto and J. C. Pinto, Steady-state modeling of slurry and bulk propylene polymerizations, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.56, issue.13, pp.4043-4057, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00076-8

A. Latado, M. Embiruocu, M. Neto, A. G. Pinto, and J. C. , Modeling of end-use properties of poly(propylene/ethylene) resins, Polymer Testing, vol.20, issue.4, pp.419-439, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-9418(00)00052-0

S. De-wolf, R. L. Cuypers, L. C. Zullo, B. J. Vos, and B. J. Bax, Model predictive control of a slurry polymerisation reactor, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.20, issue.2, pp.20-955, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0098-1354(96)00167-6

E. M. Ali, A. E. Abasaeed, and S. M. , Improved Regulatory Control of Industrial Gas-Phase Ethylene Polymerization Reactors, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.38, issue.6, pp.2383-2390, 1999.
DOI : 10.1021/ie980636n

C. Sato and T. Ohtani, Modeling, simulation and nonlinear control of a gas-phase polymerization process, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol.24, issue.2-7, pp.945-951, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-1354(00)00375-6

A. Kiashemshaki, N. Mostoufi, R. Sotudeh-gharebagh, and S. Pourmahdian, Reactor modeling of ? ? ? ? 178 gas-phase polymerization of ethylene, Chemical Engineering & Technology, issue.11, pp.271227-1232, 2004.

B. Kou, K. B. Mcauley, J. C. Hsu, and D. W. Bacon, Mathematical Model and Parameter Estimation for Gas-Phase Ethylene/Hexene Copolymerization With Metallocene Catalyst, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol.8, issue.6, pp.537-557, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/10543414.1996.10744472

R. Bindlish and J. B. Rawlings, Parameter estimation for industrial polymerization processes, AIChE Journal, vol.36, issue.8, pp.2071-2078
DOI : 10.1137/1.9781611971217

P. Neeraj, B. Khare, K. C. Lucas, Y. A. Seavey, and . Liu, Steady-State and Dynamic Modeling of Gas-Phase Polypropylene Processes Using Stirred-Bed Reactors, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, vol.43, pp.884-900, 2004.

Y. Wang, H. Seki, S. Ohyama, K. Akamatsu, and M. Ogawa, Masahiro Ohshima, Optimal grade transition control for polymerization reactors, Computers & Chemical Engineering, issue.22, pp.241555-1561, 2000.

J. A. Debling, G. C. Han, F. Kuijpers, J. Verburg, J. Zacca et al., Kinetics and Catalysis Dynamic modeling of product grade transitions for olefin polymerization processes, AIChE J, issue.3, pp.40506-520, 1994.

M. Ohshima and M. Tanigaki, Quality control of polymer production processes, Journal of Process Control, vol.10, issue.2-3, pp.135-148, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-1524(99)00042-6

H. Yi, J. Kim, C. Han, and J. Lee, Plantwide Optimal Grade Transition for an Industrial High-Density Polyethylene Plant, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.42, issue.1, pp.91-98, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/ie0202221

P. Neeraj, K. C. Khare, Y. A. Seavey, and . Liu, Steady-State and Dynamic Modeling of Commercial Slurry High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.23, pp.415601-5618, 2002.

C. P. Bokis, . Orbey, . Hansan-;-chen, and . Chau-chyun, Properly model polymer processes, Chem. Eng. Prog, vol.95, issue.4, pp.39-52, 1999.

I. C. Sanchez, . Lacombe, and H. Robert, Statistical Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions, Macromolecules, vol.11, issue.6, pp.1145-1156, 1978.
DOI : 10.1021/ma60066a017

I. C. Sanchez, . Lacombe, and H. Robert, An elementary molecular theory of classical fluids. Pure fluids, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.80, issue.21, pp.80-2352, 1976.
DOI : 10.1021/j100562a008

W. G. Chapman, . Jackson, . George, . Gubbins, and E. Keith, Phase equilibria of associating fluids. Chain molecules with multiple bonding sites, Molecular Physics, issue.5, pp.65-1057, 1988.

W. G. Chapman, . Gubbins, E. Keith, . Jachson, . George et al., New reference equation of state for associating liquids, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.29, issue.8, pp.29-1709, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/ie00104a021

S. H. Huang and M. Radosz, Equation of state for small, large, polydisperse, and associating molecules, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.29, issue.11, pp.29-2284, 1990.
DOI : 10.1021/ie00107a014

J. ;. Gross and G. Sadowski, Perturbed-Chain SAFT:?? An Equation of State Based on a Perturbation Theory for Chain Molecules, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.40, issue.4, pp.40-1244, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ie0003887

F. Tumakakaa, . Gross, and G. Sadowski, Modeling of polymer phase equilibria using Perturbed-Chain SAFT. Fluid Phase Equilibria, pp.194-197, 2002.

N. P. Khare, . Lucas, . Bruce, K. C. Seavey, Y. A. Liu et al., Steady-State and Dynamic Modeling of Gas-Phase Polypropylene Processes Using Stirred-Bed Reactors, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.43, issue.4, pp.43-884, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/ie030714t

N. P. Khare, K. C. Seavey, Y. A. Liu, . Ramanathan, . Sundaram et al., Steady-State and Dynamic Modeling of Commercial Slurry High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Processes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.41, issue.23, pp.5601-5618, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/ie020451n

A. Ghosh, W. G. Chapman, . French, and N. Ray, Gas solubility in hydrocarbons -a SAFT-based approach. Fluid Phase Equilibria, pp.229-243, 2003.

P. Zoller, Pressure???volume???temperature relationships of solid and molten polypropylene and poly(butene-1), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.23, issue.4, pp.1057-1061, 1979.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1979.070230411

Y. Sato, . Yamasaki, . Yoshiteru, . Takishima, . Shigeki et al., Precise measurement of the PVT of polypropylene and polycarbonate up to 330???C and 200 MPa, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.66, issue.1, pp.141-150, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971003)66:1<141::AID-APP17>3.0.CO;2-4

Y. Sato, . Yurugi, . Masashi-;-yamabiki, . Takafumi, . Masuoka et al., Solubility of propylene in semicrystalline polypropylene, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.30, issue.6, pp.1134-1143, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ma9712211

R. B. Williams and D. L. Katz, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Binary Systems. Hydrogen with Ethylene, Ethane, Propylene, and Propane, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.46, issue.12, pp.46-2512, 1954.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50540a033

J. Oliveira, . Vladimir, C. Dariva, and J. C. Pinto, High-Pressure Phase Equilibria for Polypropylene???Hydrocarbon Systems, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.39, issue.12, pp.39-4627, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ie990895s

J. Zacca, . Jardim, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Modelling of the liquid phase polymerization of olefins in loop reactors, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.48, issue.22, pp.48-3743, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2509(93)80218-F

J. A. Honig, P. E. Gloor, J. F. Macgregor, and A. E. Hamielec, A mathematical model for the Ziegler-Natta polymerization of butadiene, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.34, issue.2, pp.34-829, 1987.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1987.070340232

D. Singh and R. P. Merrill, Molecular Weight Distribution of Polyethylene Produced by Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Macromolecules, vol.4, issue.5, pp.599-604, 1971.
DOI : 10.1021/ma60023a017

M. Ali, . Betlem, G. Roffel, and . Weickert, Hydrogen response in liquid propylene polymerization: Towards a generalized model, AIChE Journal, vol.39, issue.5, pp.521866-1875, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/bk-2000-0749.ch004

R. A. Hutchinson, C. M. Chen, and W. Ray, Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis X: Modeling of particle growth and morphology, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.44, issue.8, pp.44-1389, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/app.1992.070440811

G. C. Han-adebekun and W. H. Ray, Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis. XVII. Experimental study and model interpretation of some aspects of olefin polymerization over a TiCl4/MgCl2 catalyst, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.65, issue.6, pp.65-1037, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970808)65:6<1037::AID-APP1>3.0.CO;2-L

L. M. Rincon-rubio, C. E. Wilen, and L. E. Lindfors, A kinetic model for the polymerization of propylene over a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, European Polymer Journal, vol.26, issue.2, pp.26-171, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-3057(90)90183-5

W. K. Shaffer, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis. XVIII. A kinetic explanation for unusual effects, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.65, issue.6, pp.65-1053, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970808)65:6<1053::AID-APP2>3.0.CO;2-J

K. Chu, Kinetic study on olefin polymerization with heterogeneous titanium catalysts, Eur. Polym. J, vol.34, pp.3-4, 1998.

B. Liu, . Nitta, . Takashi, . Nakatani, . Hisayuki et al., Specific roles of Al-alkyl cocatalyst in the origin of isospecificity of active sites on donor-free TiCl 4

Y. Doi, . Murata, . Masahide, . Yano, . Kazuhisa et al., Gas-phase polymerization of propene with the supported Ziegler catalyst

J. A. Debling, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Heat and Mass Transfer Effects in Multistage Polymerization Processes: Impact Polypropylene, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.34, issue.10, pp.34-3466, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/ie00037a035

J. J. Zacca, J. A. Debling, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Reactor residence-time distribution effects on the multistage polymerization of olefins ? II

J. A. Debling, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Morphological development of impact polypropylene produced in gas phase with a TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 catalyst, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, issue.13, pp.81-3085, 2001.

K. Soga, . Ohgizawa, . Masaaki, and T. Shiono, Evaluation of propagation rate constants for isotactic and atactic polymerization of propene with magnesium chloride-supported catalysts, Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications, issue.9, pp.10-503, 1989.

G. D. Bukatov, . Goncharov, S. Valerii, . Zakharov, and A. Vladimir, Number of active centers and propagation rate constants in the propene polymerization on supported Ti???Mg catalysts in the presence of hydrogen, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol.196, issue.5, pp.196-1751, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/macp.1995.021960529

F. Shimizu, . Pater, T. M. Jochem, . Van-swaaij, P. M. Wim et al., Kinetic study of a highly active MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst in liquid pool propylene polymerization. II. The influence of alkyl aluminum and alkoxysilane on catalyst activation and deactivation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, issue.12, pp.83-2669, 2002.

J. A. Debling, J. J. Zacca, W. Ray, and . Harmon, Reactor residence-time distribution effects on the multistage polymerization of olefins???III. Multi-layered products: impact polypropylene, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.52, issue.12, pp.52-1969, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00025-0

W. Jian-feng, W. Li, F. Lian-fang, and G. Xue-ping, Haojie YU? Plurality of Active Centers on Novel MgCl2-supported and lowTitanium Ziegler-Natta Catalyst for Non-stereospecific Propylene Polymerization?, J. Polym. Mater, vol.21, pp.401-408, 2004.

J. Wang, L. Wang, L. Feng, and X. Gu, Haojie Yu?Studies on synthesis of low isotactic polypropylene by using a novel MgCl 2 -supported and low Ti-loading catalyst, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering?44, pp.501-510