W. P. Tong, N. R. Tao, Z. B. Wang, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Nitriding Iron at Lower Temperatures, Science, vol.299, issue.5607, pp.686-688, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1080216

W. Tong, C. Liu, W. Wang, N. Tao, Z. Wang et al., Gaseous nitriding of iron with a nanostructured surface layer, Scripta Materialia, vol.57, issue.6, pp.533-536, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.05.017

Y. Lin, J. Lu, L. Wang, T. Xu, and E. Q. Xue, Surface nanocrystallization by surface mechanical attrition treatment and its effect on structure and properties of plasma nitrided AISI 321 stainless steel, Acta Materialia, vol.54, issue.20, pp.5599-5605, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.014

D. Bei, J. Gu, J. Pan, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Gaseous nitriding process of surface nanocrystallized (SNCed) steel, Journal of Materials Science and Technology, vol.18, pp.566-568, 2002.

Z. B. Wang, N. R. Tao, W. P. Tong, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Diffusion of chromium in nanocrystalline iron produced by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.14, pp.4319-4329, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00260-X

Z. Wang, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Chromizing behaviors of a low carbon steel processed by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment, Acta Materialia, vol.53, issue.7, pp.2081-2089, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.01.020

S. Lu, Z. Wang, and E. K. Lu, Enhanced chromizing kinetics of tool steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.527, issue.4-5, pp.995-1002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.030

J. F. Gu, D. H. Bei, J. S. Pan, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Improved nitrogen transport in surface nanocrystallized low-carbon steels during gaseous nitridation, Materials Letters, vol.55, issue.5, pp.340-343, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00389-0

S. Ji, L. Wang, J. Sun, and Z. Hei, The effects of severe surface deformation on plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.195, issue.1, pp.81-84, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.05.020

N. Yamauchi, N. Ueda, A. Okamoto, and E. K. Demizu, Effect of Peening on Formation of S-Phase in Plasma Nitrided 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel, Reports of Industrial Technology Research Institute, vol.15, pp.70-75, 2001.

W. P. Tong, C. S. He, J. C. He, L. Zuo, N. R. Tao et al., Strongly enhanced nitriding kinetics by means of grain refinement, Applied Physics Letters, vol.102, issue.2, pp.21918-21921, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00687-1

J. Wang, G. Zhang, J. Sun, Y. Bao, L. Zhuang et al., Low temperature nitriding of iron by alternating current pretreatment, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.200, issue.24, pp.6666-6670, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.09.035

J. Wang, G. Zhang, J. Sun, Y. Bao, L. Zhuang et al., Low temperature nitriding of medium carbon steel, Vacuum, vol.80, issue.8, pp.855-859, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.10.008

W. Tong, Z. Han, L. Wang, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Low-temperature nitriding of 38CrMoAl steel with a nanostructured surface layer induced by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.202, issue.20, pp.4957-4963, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.085

H. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Hei, G. Liu, J. Lu et al., Low-temperature plasma nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel with nano-structured surface layer, Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde/Materials Research and Advanced Techniques, pp.1143-1147, 2003.
DOI : 10.3139/146.031143

H. Ferkel, M. Glatzer, Y. Estrin, and R. Z. Valiev, RF plasma nitriding of a severely deformed high alloyed steel, Scripta Materialia, vol.46, issue.9, pp.623-628, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00031-3

S. Kikuchi, Y. Nakahara, and E. J. Komotori, Fatigue properties of gas nitrided austenitic stainless steel pre-treated with fine particle peening, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.32, issue.2
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.07.019

C. Suryanarayana, Nanocrystalline materials, International Materials Reviews, vol.8, issue.1, pp.41-64, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.254.5036.1300

W. P. Tong, N. R. Tao, Z. B. Wang, H. W. Zhang, J. Lu et al., The formation of ??-Fe3???2N phase in a nanocrystalline Fe, Scripta Materialia, vol.50, issue.5, pp.647-650, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.11.022

R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, and I. V. Alexandrov, Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation, Progress in Materials Science, vol.45, issue.2, pp.103-189, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00007-9

Z. Ni, X. Wang, E. Wu, and E. G. Liu, Martensitic phase transformations in the nanostructured surface layers induced by mechanical attrition treatment, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.98, issue.11, pp.1-6, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0305-4608/3/3/023

H. W. Zhang, Z. K. Hei, G. Liu, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Formation of nanostructured surface layer on AISI 304 stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment, Acta Materialia, vol.51, issue.7, pp.1871-1881, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00594-3

K. Lu and J. Lu, Nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials induced by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.375, issue.377, pp.375-377, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.261

B. Thomas and J. Schmitt, Durcissement des aciers : Mécanismes, pp.1-20

S. Copley and B. Kear, The dependence of the width of a dissociated dislocation on dislocation velocity, Acta Metallurgica, vol.16, issue.2, pp.227-231, 1968.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(68)90118-1

I. Karaman, H. Sehitoglu, H. J. Maier, and Y. I. Chumlyakov, Competing mechanisms and modeling of deformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with and without nitrogen, Acta Materialia, vol.49, issue.19, pp.3919-3933, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00296-8

I. Karaman, H. Sehitoglu, Y. Chumlyakov, and E. H. Maier, The deformation of low-stacking-fault-energy austenitic steels, JOM, vol.19, issue.6, pp.31-37, 2002.
DOI : 10.1139/p67-054

E. Asgari, S. El-danaf, E. R. Kalidindi, and . Doherty, Strain hardening regimes and microstructural evolution during large strain compression of low stacking fault energy fcc alloys that form deformation twins, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.224, issue.9, pp.1781-1795, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/1359-6454(95)00186-7

F. Hamdi and S. Asgari, Evaluation of the Role of Deformation Twinning in Work Hardening Behavior of Face-Centered-Cubic Polycrystals, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.29, issue.156, pp.294-303, 2008.
DOI : 10.1179/msc.1967.1.1.70

G. E. Dieter, Mechanical metallurgy, 1988.
DOI : 10.5962/bhl.title.35895

M. F. Ashby, The deformation of plastically non-homogeneous materials, Philosophical Magazine, vol.245, issue.170, pp.399-424, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/0001-6160(64)90034-3

P. Coulomb, Les textures dans les métaux de réseau cubique, 1972.

D. A. Hughes and N. Hansen, High angle boundaries formed by grain subdivision mechanisms, Acta Materialia, vol.45, issue.9, pp.3871-3886, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00027-X

URL : http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/high-angle-boundaries-formed-by-grain-subdivision-mechanisms(ffe4bd79-353e-4510-a9b4-e16fc48e920e).html

D. A. Hughes and N. Hansen, High angle boundaries and orientation distributions at large strains, Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, pp.315-321, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00143-J

D. A. Hughes, Microstructure evolution, slip patterns and flow stress, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.319, issue.321, pp.319-321, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01028-0

N. R. Tao, M. L. Sui, J. Lu, and E. K. Lua, Surface nanocrystallization of iron induced by ultrasonic shot peening, Nanostructured Materials, vol.11, issue.4, pp.433-440, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00324-4

X. Wu, N. Tao, Y. Hong, B. Xu, J. Lu et al., Microstructure and evolution of mechanically-induced ultrafine grain in surface layer of AL-alloy subjected to USSP, Acta Materialia, vol.50, issue.8, pp.2075-2084, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00051-4

S. Bagheri and M. Guagliano, Review of shot peening processes to obtain nanocrystalline surfaces in metal alloys, Surface Engineering, vol.205, issue.1, pp.3-14, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2003.11.029

F. Guo, Y. Ji, N. Trannoy, and E. J. Lu, Local thermal property analysis by scanning thermal microscopy of an ultrafine-grained copper surface layer produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol.130, issue.1-3, pp.24-30, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mseb.2006.02.071

N. Tao, X. Wu, M. Sui, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Grain refinement at the nanoscale via mechanical twinning and dislocation interaction in a nickel-based alloy, Journal of Materials Research, vol.48, issue.06, pp.1623-1629, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00090-3

H. Conrad, Plastic deformation kinetics in nanocrystalline FCC metals based on the pile-up of dislocations, Nanotechnology, vol.18, issue.32, p.325701, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-4484/18/32/325701

G. Maeder, L. Castex, and E. J. Barralis, Précontraintes et traitements superficiels, Traitements des métaux, p.50, 1999.

G. Saada, L'état métallique : Déformation plastique, Traité matériaux métalliques, pp.1-25

G. Liu, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Surface nanocrystallization of 316L stainless steel induced by ultrasonic shot peening, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.286, issue.1, pp.91-95, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00686-9

A. Lu, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, G. Liu, Q. Zang et al., EFFECT OF NANOCRYSTALLINE AND TWIN BOUNDARIES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL USING SMAT, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), vol.19, issue.3, pp.183-189, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1006-7191(06)60042-2

T. Roland, D. Retraint, K. Lu, and E. J. Lu, Enhanced mechanical behavior of a nanocrystallised stainless steel and its thermal stability, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.445, issue.446, pp.445-446, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.041

Z. Ni, X. Wang, E. Wu, and E. G. Liu, Martensitic phase transformations in the nanostructured surface layers induced by mechanical attrition treatment, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.98, issue.11, pp.114319-114325, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0305-4608/3/3/023

W. Ye, Y. Li, and E. F. Wang, Effects of nanocrystallization on the corrosion behavior of 309 stainless steel, Electrochimica Acta, vol.51, issue.21, pp.4426-4432, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.034

K. Dai, J. Villegas, Z. Stone, and E. L. Shaw, Finite element modeling of the surface roughness of 5052 Al alloy subjected to a surface severe plastic deformation process, Acta Materialia, vol.52, issue.20, pp.5771-5782, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.031

J. C. Villegas, K. Dai, L. L. Shaw, and P. K. Liaw, Nanocrystallization of a nickel alloy subjected to surface severe plastic deformation, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.410, issue.411, pp.410-411, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.087

J. Villegas, Investigation of the effects of the surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process on bulk metallic components, Thèse, 2005.

J. Tian, K. Dai, J. Villegas, L. Shaw, P. Liaw et al., Tensile properties of a nickel-base alloy subjected to surface severe plastic deformation, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.493, issue.1-2, pp.176-183, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.102

A. Ortiz, J. Tian, J. Villegas, L. Shaw, and E. P. Liaw, Interrogation of the microstructure and residual stress of a nickel-base alloy subjected to surface severe plastic deformation, Acta Materialia, vol.56, issue.3, pp.413-426, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.10.003

K. Dai and L. Shaw, Comparison between shot peening and surface nanocrystallization and hardening processes, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.463, issue.1-2, pp.46-53, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.159

. Klarstrom, A direct comparison in the fatigue resistance enhanced by surface severe plastic deformation and shot peening in a C-2000 superalloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.527, pp.986-994, 2010.

K. Dai, J. Villegas, and E. L. Shaw, An analytical model of the surface roughness of an aluminum alloy treated with a surface nanocrystallization and hardening process, Scripta Materialia, vol.52, issue.4, pp.259-263, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.021

J. Tian, L. Shaw, P. Liaw, and E. K. Dai, On the ductility of a surface severely plastically deformed nickel alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.498, issue.1-2, pp.216-224, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2008.07.070

K. Zhang, I. V. Alexandrov, R. Z. Valiev, and E. K. Lu, The thermal behavior of atoms in ultrafine-grained Ni processed by severe plastic deformation, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.12, issue.4, pp.1924-1927, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(95)00087-C

J. Lu and K. Lu, Mechanical method for generating nanostructures and mechanical device for generating nanostructures, U.S. Patent, vol.7147, p.726, 2006.

J. Lu and K. Lu, Method for generating nanostructures and device for treating nanostructures, U.S. Patent US, 2004.

J. Lu and K. Lu, Device for generating nanostructures, pp.622-624, 2007.

T. H. Dao, Dépôt de couches minces de silicium à grande vitesse par plasma MDECR, Thèse, Ecole polytechnique de France, 2007.

A. Lacoste, Multi-dipolar plasmas for uniform processing: physics, design and performance, Plasma Sources Science and Technology, vol.11, issue.4, p.407, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0963-0252/11/4/307

T. V. Tran, Caractérisation et modélisation des plasmas micro-onde multi-dipolaires Application à la pulvérisation assistée par plasma multi-dipolaire, 2006.

J. Stinville, Evolution des microstructures et textures locales par nitruration plasma de l'acier 316L. Répercussion sur sa durabilité en fatigue, Thèse, Ecole, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491846

H. King and E. Payzant, Error Corrections For X-RAY Powder Diffractometry, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol.64, issue.3, pp.385-394, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1721595

T. Czerwiec, H. He, G. Marcos, T. Thiriet, S. Weber et al., Fundamental and Innovations in Plasma Assisted Diffusion of Nitrogen and Carbon in Austenitic Stainless Steels and Related Alloys, Plasma Processes and Polymers, vol.202, issue.374, pp.401-409, 2009.
DOI : 10.1179/sur.1985.1.2.131

J. Ligot, U. Welzel, P. Lamparter, A. C. Vermeulen, and E. J. Mittemeijer, Stress analysis of polycrystalline thin films and surface regions by X-ray diffraction, Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol.38, issue.29, pp.1-29, 2005.

W. Oliver and G. Pharr, An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, Journal of Materials Research, vol.XI, issue.06, pp.1564-1580, 1992.
DOI : 10.1557/S0883769400054440

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01518596

M. Micoulaut, S. Mechkov, D. Retraint, P. Viot, and E. M. François, Granular gases in mechanical engineering: on the origin of heterogeneous ultrasonic shot peening, Granular Matter, vol.59, issue.1-2, pp.25-33, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/b12449

A. Mézin, Coating internal stress measurement through the curvature method: A geometry-based criterion delimiting the relevance of Stoney's formula, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.200, issue.18-19, pp.5259-5267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.06.018

X. Chen, J. Lu, L. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Tensile properties of a nanocrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel, Scripta Materialia, vol.52, issue.10, pp.1039-1044, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.01.023

A. Lu, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, G. Liu, Q. Zang et al., EFFECT OF NANOCRYSTALLINE AND TWIN BOUNDARIES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL USING SMAT, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), vol.19, issue.3, pp.183-189, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1006-7191(06)60042-2

A. Révész and L. Takacs, Coating metals by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol.441, issue.1-2, pp.111-114, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.09.081

Z. Ning, Y. He, and E. W. Gao, Mechanical attrition enhanced Ni electroplating, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.202, issue.10, pp.2139-2146, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.08.062

H. Du, Y. Wei, W. Lin, L. Hou, Z. Liu et al., One way of surface alloying treatment on iron surface based on surface mechanical attrition treatment and heat treatment, Applied Surface Science, vol.255, issue.20, pp.8660-8666, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.049

H. Pelletier, J. Krier, and E. M. Bach, Relation entre les mesures de nanoduret?? et la pr??sence de contraintes r??siduelles, Mat??riaux & Techniques, vol.92, issue.3-4, pp.75-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/mattech:2004022

J. Li, S. Chen, X. Wu, A. Soh, and E. J. Lu, The main factor influencing the tensile properties of surface nano-crystallized graded materials, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.527, issue.26
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.064

F. Cemin, F. G. Echeverrigaray, A. C. Rovani, C. L. Amorim, R. L. Basso et al., Influence of atomic and mechanical attrition on low temperature plasma nitriding of ferrous alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.527, issue.13-14
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2010.02.012

S. Rouquette, E. Rouhaud, M. François, A. Roos, and E. J. Chaboche, Coupled thermo-mechanical simulations of shot impacts: Effects of the temperature on the residual stress field due to shot-peening, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.209, issue.8, pp.3879-3886, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.09.006

A. Mishra, V. Richard, F. Grégori, R. Asaro, and E. M. Meyers, Microstructural evolution in copper processed by severe plastic deformation, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.410, issue.411, pp.410-411, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.201

H. Jiang, Y. T. Zhu, D. P. Butt, I. V. Alexandrov, and T. C. Lowe, Microstructural evolution, microhardness and thermal stability of HPT-processed Cu, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.290, issue.1-2, pp.128-138, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00919-9

P. Lipinski, J. Krier, and E. M. Berveiller, Elastoplasticit?? des m??taux en grandes d??formations : comportement global et ??volution de la structure interne, Revue de Physique Appliquée, pp.361-388, 1990.
DOI : 10.1051/rphysap:01990002504036100

A. Staroselsky and L. Anand, Inelastic deformation of polycrystalline face centered cubic materials by slip and twinning, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.46, issue.4, pp.671-673, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00071-9

X. Wu, N. Tao, Y. Hong, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, ??????? martensite transformation and twinning deformation in fcc cobalt during surface mechanical attrition treatment, Scripta Materialia, vol.52, issue.7, pp.547-551, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.12.004

N. Tao, H. Zhang, J. Lu, and E. K. Lu, Development of Nanostructures in Metallic Materials with Low Stacking Fault Energies During Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT), MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, vol.44, issue.10, pp.1919-1925, 2003.
DOI : 10.2320/matertrans.44.1919

H. Hertz, Über die Berührung fester elastischer Körpe, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, pp.156-171, 1881.

V. O. Abramov, O. V. Abramov, F. Sommer, O. M. Gradov, and O. M. Smirnov, Surface hardening of metals by ultrasonically accelerated small metal balls, Ultrasonics, vol.36, issue.10, pp.1013-1019, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0041-624X(98)00027-4

H. Chan, H. Ruan, A. Chen, and E. J. Lu, Optimization of the strain rate to achieve exceptional mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel using high speed ultrasonic surface mechanical attrition treatment, Acta Materialia, vol.58, issue.15, pp.5086-5096, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.044

F. Ledrappier, C. Langlade, Y. Gachon, and E. B. Vannes, Blistering and spalling of thin hard coatings submitted to repeated impacts, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.202, issue.9, pp.1789-1796, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.107

A. Sekkal, C. Langlade, and E. A. Vannes, Tribologically transformed structure of titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) in surface fatigue induced by repeated impacts, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.393, issue.1-2, pp.140-146, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2004.10.008

Z. Zhang and T. Bell, Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Nitrided Stainless Steel, Surface Engineering, vol.69, issue.1, pp.131-136, 1985.
DOI : 10.1179/sur.1985.1.2.131

T. Czerwiec, H. He, S. Weber, C. Dong, and E. H. Michel, On the occurrence of dual diffusion layers during plasma-assisted nitriding of austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.200, issue.18-19, pp.5289-5295, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.06.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00123243

C. Leroy, T. Czerwiec, C. Gabet, T. Belmonte, and E. H. Michel, Plasma assisted nitriding of Inconel 690, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.142, issue.144, pp.142-144, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01243-9

V. Singh and E. I. Meletis, Synthesis, characterization and properties of intensified plasma-assisted nitrided superalloy Inconel 718, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.201, issue.3-4, pp.1093-1101, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.034

T. Czerwiec, Procédés de traitement thermochimique appliqués aux surfaces métalliques : diagnostics des plasmas et des post-décharges et caractérisation des surfaces transformées, Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches, 2008.

T. Czerwiec, G. Marcos, T. Thiriet, Y. Guo, and E. T. Belmonte, Austenitic stainless steel patterning by plasma assisted diffusion treatments, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, p.12012, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/1757-899X/5/1/012012

N. Mingolo, A. Tschiptschin, and C. Pinedo, On the formation of expanded austenite during plasma nitriding of an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.201, issue.7, pp.4215-4218, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.060

G. Marcos, S. Guillet, F. Cleymand, T. Thiriet, and E. T. Czerwiec, Stainless steel patterning by combination of micro-patterning and driven strain produced by plasma assisted nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.205, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.01.016

S. Grigull and S. Parascandola, Ion-nitriding induced plastic deformation in austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.88, issue.11, pp.6925-6927, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00084-5

J. Stinville, P. Villechaise, C. Templier, J. Riviere, and E. M. Drouet, Plasma nitriding of 316L austenitic stainless steel: Experimental investigation of fatigue life and surface evolution, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.204, issue.12-13
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.052

S. Sienz, S. Mändl, and E. B. Rauschenbach, In situ stress measurements during low-energy nitriding of stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.156, issue.1-3, pp.185-189, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00081-6

A. K. Jhingan, Effect of nitrogen on the crystal texture and microstructure of sputtered Ni???Fe films, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.20, issue.8, pp.3991-3993, 1985.
DOI : 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063378

A. Billard, Etude de la pulvérisation cathodique magnétron des aciers inoxydables austénitiques dans des plasmas réactifs Ar-CH4, N2 ou O2 : caractérisation chimique et structurale des dépôts réalisés, propriétés des revêtements enrichis en carbone, Thèse, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, 1991.

T. Czerwiec, H. He, A. Saker, L. Tran-huu, C. Dong et al., Reactive magnetron sputtering as a way to improve the knowledge of metastable f.c.c. nitrogen solid solutions formed during plasma assisted nitriding of Inconel 690, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.174, issue.175, pp.174-175
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00529-2

J. Schneider, C. Rebholz, A. Voevodin, A. Leyland, and E. A. Matthews, Deposition and characterization of nitrogen containing stainless steel coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering, Vacuum, vol.47, issue.9, pp.1077-1080, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-207X(96)00143-1

T. Roux, Contribution à l'étude de la nitruration ionique de l'acier inoxydable austénitique Z2CND17-12 à basse température, p.195

D. Manova, S. Mandl, H. Neumann, and E. B. Rauschenbach, Influence of grain size on nitrogen diffusivity in austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.201, issue.15, pp.6686-6689, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.09.104

X. Xu, Z. Yu, L. Wang, J. Qiang, and E. Z. Hei, Phase depth distribution characteristics of the plasma nitrided layer on AISI 304 stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.162, issue.2-3, pp.242-247, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00670-9

F. Pedraza, C. Savall, G. Abrasonis, J. Rivière, J. Dinhut et al., Low energy, high-flux nitridation of face-centred cubic metallic matrices, Thin Solid Films, vol.515, issue.7-8, pp.3661-3669, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.081

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512802

L. Gontijo, R. Machado, E. Miola, L. Casteletti, N. Alcântara et al., Study of the S phase formed on plasma-nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.431, issue.1-2, pp.315-321, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.023

M. Drouet, J. Stinville, P. Villechaise, J. Rivière, and C. Templier, Surface evolution during low temperature plasma assisted nitriding of austenitic stainless steel, The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, vol.55, issue.3, pp.349-351, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.023

J. Stinville, P. Villechaise, C. Templier, J. Rivière, and E. M. Drouet, Lattice rotation induced by plasma nitriding in a 316L polycrystalline stainless steel, Acta Materialia, vol.58, issue.8, pp.2814-2821, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.002

C. Templier, J. Stinville, P. Villechaise, P. Renault, G. Abrasonis et al., On lattice plane rotation and crystallographic structure of the expanded austenite in plasma nitrided AISI 316L steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.204, issue.16-17, pp.2551-2558, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.01.041

M. Fewell and J. Priest, High-order diffractometry of expanded austenite using synchrotron radiation, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.202, issue.9, pp.1802-1815, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.062

H. Kahn, G. M. Michal, F. Ernst, and A. H. Heuer, Poisson Effects on X-Ray Diffraction Patterns in Low-Temperature-Carburized Austenitic Stainless Steel, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.85, issue.444, pp.1799-1804, 2009.
DOI : 10.1179/026708399101505077

T. L. Christiansen, T. S. Hummelshøj, and M. A. Somers, Expanded austenite, crystallography and residual stress, Surface Engineering, vol.1, issue.4, pp.242-247, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02665509

URL : http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/expanded-austenite-crystallography-and-residual-stress(72a95fa6-9023-45a7-90b3-c0f402509375).html

X. L. Xu, L. Wang, Z. W. Yu, and Z. K. Hei, Microstructural characterization of plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.132, issue.2-3, pp.270-274, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00905-1

D. R. Mitchell, D. J. Attard, G. A. Collins, and K. T. Short, Characterisation of PI3 and RF plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels using plan and cross-sectional TEM techniques, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.165, issue.2, pp.107-118, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00741-7

W. Liang, X. Xiaolei, X. Jiujun, and E. S. Yaqin, Characteristics of low pressure plasma arc source ion nitrided layer on austenitic stainless steel at low temperature, Thin Solid Films, vol.391, issue.1, pp.11-16, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)00969-5

X. Li, M. Samandi, D. Dunne, and E. R. Hutchings, Evolution of the microstructure of austenitic stainless steel nitrogen implanted at elevated temperatures, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.71, issue.2, pp.175-181, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0257-8972(94)01017-D

E. Menthe and K. Rie, Further investigation of the structure and properties of austenitic stainless steel after plasma nitriding, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.116, issue.119, pp.116-119, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00085-7

W. Liang, S. Juncai, and E. X. Xiaolei, Low pressure plasma arc source ion nitriding compared with glow-discharge plasma nitriding of stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.145, issue.1-3, pp.31-37, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01283-X

J. C. Jiang and E. I. Meletis, Microstructure of the nitride layer of AISI 316 stainless steel produced by intensified plasma assisted processing, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.66, issue.75, pp.4026-4031, 2000.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.3032

G. A. Collins, R. Hutchings, K. T. Short, J. Tendys, X. Li et al., Nitriding of austenitic stainless steel by plasma immersion ion implantation, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.74, issue.75, pp.74-75, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0257-8972(95)08370-7

R. Tournier, Polissage mécanique, 1982.

T. K. Hirsch, A. D. Rocha, F. D. Ramos, and T. R. Strohaecker, Residual stress-affected diffusion during plasma nitriding of tool steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.36, issue.309, pp.3523-3530, 2004.
DOI : 10.2138/am-2000-2-318

A. Cuitiño, Effect of temperature and stacking fault energy on the hardening of FCC crystals, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.216, issue.1-2, pp.104-116, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10397-X

W. Lee and C. Lin, The morphologies and characteristics of impact-induced martensite in 304L stainless steel, Scripta Materialia, vol.43, issue.8, pp.777-782, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00487-5