, , p.46
47 5.2.1 The effect of cell size on the mechanical properties, p.52 ,
56 5.3.1 C-oriented cell morphologies and the mechanical properties A-axis and b-axis oriented cell morphologies and the mechanical properties, p.63 ,
, , p.65
Chapter Preparation of bi-modal cell structure polystyrene foams, p.67 ,
, , p.67
, , p.67
Development of cell morphology in the two-step depressurization process, p.69 ,
71 6.4.1 Effect of gas super-saturation on cell growth during the holding stage, Development of cell morphology during the holding stage. 73 6.4.2 Interaction between small and large cells during the holding stage, p.74 ,
, Controlling variables for the bi-modal cell structure 76 6.5.1 Holding time during the holding stage, p.76
, Degree of depressurization in the first step, p.78
, , p.79
, , p.80
, , p.81
, , p.84
, Chapter, p.85
, , p.88
, , p.89
, References
, , pp.1049-1059, 2003.
A process for making microcellular thermoplastic parts, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.15, issue.20, pp.1323-1329, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690150124
, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.12, pp.44-4292, 2005.
, J. Supercrit. Fluid, issue.3, pp.44-446, 2008.
, , pp.6544-6550, 2005.
, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.12, pp.44-4292, 2005.
, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.62, pp.18-20, 2007.
Supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted solid-state free radical grafting of methyl methacrylate onto polypropylene, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol.43, issue.1, pp.64-73, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.supflu.2007.03.014
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00270650
Supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted dispersion of sodium benzoate in polypropylene and crystallization behavior of the resulting polypropylene, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.41, issue.4, pp.3212-3220, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0261-3069(02)00129-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00280882
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.8, pp.48-1608, 2008.
, , pp.7564-7571, 2006.
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.11, pp.41-1938, 2001.
, , pp.5576-5584, 2009.
, Polym. Eng. Sci, vol.35, pp.432-440, 1995.
, , pp.28-674, 1982.
, , 1984.
, #4473665
, Z.-N J. Supercrit. Fluid, issue.2, pp.41-299, 2007.
Processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polythylene/isotactic polypropylene blends, Polymer Engineering & Science, vol.30, issue.7, pp.1205-1215, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760301302
A study of cell nucleation in the extrusion of polypropylene foams, Polymer Engineering & Science, vol.13, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760130505
A two-step depressurization batch process for the formation of bi-modal cell structure polystyrene foams using scCO2, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol.55, issue.3, pp.1104-1114, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.09.032
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602684
, , pp.4614-4620, 1998.
Technology: driving force behind innovation and growth of polyolefins, Progress in Polymer Science, vol.26, issue.8, pp.1287-1336, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00029-6
, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.10, pp.50-5992, 2011.
, Prog. Polym. Sci, vol.28, pp.1539-1641, 2003.
, , pp.43-3661, 2002.
Biofiber-reinforced polypropylene composites, Polymer Engineering & Science, vol.34, issue.2, pp.476-487, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1163/156855493X00338
Toughness of Neat, Rubber Modified and Filled ??-nucleated Polypropylene: from Fundamentals to Applications, Adv. Polym. Sci, vol.188, pp.43-104, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1007/b136972
Exclusion effect of carbon dioxide on the crystallization of polypropylene, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.57, issue.9, pp.1565-1572, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.5254/1.3536019
, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys, issue.14, pp.42-2738, 2004.
, Prog. Polym. Sci, vol.3089, pp.915-938, 2005.
, , pp.43-6505, 2002.
??-MODIFICATION OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE: PREPARATION, STRUCTURE, PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATION, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, vol.12, issue.1987, pp.1121-1171, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1177/875608799601200307
, , pp.44-4261, 2003.
, Macromolecules, issue.12, pp.42-4343, 2009.
, A. v
, , pp.8618-8633, 2004.
Processing and physical property relationships in injection-molded isotactic polypropylene. 1. mechanical properties, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.35, issue.2, pp.241-263, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19970130)35:2<241::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-V
, Prog. Polym. Sci, issue.12, pp.30-1185, 2005.
Polymorphism in isotactic polypropylene, Progress in Polymer Science, vol.16, issue.2-3, pp.361-404, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6700(91)90023-E
, Prog. Polym. Sci, vol.3089, pp.915-938, 2005.
, , pp.4745-4755, 2008.
, , pp.1821-1831, 2006.
, J. Supercrit. Fluid, issue.2, pp.48-167, 2009.
,
, Macromolecules, vol.36, issue.14, pp.5226-5235, 2003.
, , pp.39-7617, 2006.
Carbon Dioxide Induced Crystallization for Toughening Polypropylene, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.50, issue.16, pp.9632-9641, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1021/ie200407p
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00778431
, Adv. Mater, issue.12, pp.16-989, 2004.
,
, , pp.1041-1046, 2002.
, Adv. Mater, issue.17, pp.16-1542, 2004.
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.7, pp.43-1378, 2003.
Facile Fabrication of Nanocellular Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Advanced Materials, vol.16, issue.14, pp.1226-1229, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200400264
, , pp.31-4614, 1998.
, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.23, pp.45-7823, 2006.
Control of Bubble Size and Location in Nano-/Microscale Cellular Poly(propylene)/Rubber Blend Foams, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol.36, issue.7, pp.574-580, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1002/mame.200800015
The nucleation of microcellular thermoplastic foam with additives: Part I: Theoretical considerations, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.20, issue.7, pp.485-492, 1987. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760270702
Microcellular foams from polyethersulfone and polyphenylsulfone, European Polymer Journal, vol.38, issue.12, pp.2373-2381, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00149-0
, , pp.3978-3983, 1994.
Tensile and fracture behavior of polymer foams, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.429, issue.1-2, pp.225-235, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.133
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.8, pp.44-1551, 2004.
, Adv. Mater, issue.20, pp.15-1743, 2003.
Experimental Characterization of the Tensile Behavior of Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.116, issue.4, pp.439-445, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1115/1.2904310
Mechanism of Strength Improvement of Foamed Plastics Having Fine Cell, Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol.37, issue.3, pp.157-167, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760351710
, Cell. Polym, vol.17, issue.5, pp.350-361, 1998.
, , 1982.
Impact behavior of microcellular foams of polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and single-edge-notched tensile toughness of microcellular foams of polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and palycarbonate, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.35, issue.14, pp.1178-1183, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760351408
Impact Strength of High Density Solid-State Microcellular Polycarbonate Foams, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.34, issue.2, pp.229-233, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90621-G
Polystyrene foams. II. Structure-impact properties relationships, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.38, issue.5, pp.1421-1426, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90263-G
, , 1975.
, , pp.539-546, 1968.
Extrusion of self-reinforced polyethylene, Advances in Polymer Technology, vol.11, issue.2, pp.91-98, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1002/adv.1991.060110202
, , pp.3190-3198, 2005.
, , pp.2422-2431, 2007.
, , pp.8384-8387, 2001.
Scanning Nanocalorimetry at High Cooling Rate of Isotactic Polypropylene, Macromolecules, vol.39, issue.7, pp.2562-2567, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1021/ma052525n
, , pp.5950-5960, 2001.
, , pp.2133-2146, 2006.
, , pp.4421-4433, 2006.
Fracture resistance improvement of polypropylene by joint action of core???shell particles and nucleating agent, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.528, issue.3, pp.1382-1390, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.029
, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys, issue.3, pp.24-461, 1986.
, , pp.2077-2085, 1996.
, , pp.47-8163, 2006.
, Z. D
, Polymer, vol.42, issue.18, pp.7561-7566, 2001.
, , pp.1429-1432, 2004.
Generation of microcellular polymeric foams using supercritical carbon dioxide. I: Effect of pressure and temperature on nucleation, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.13, issue.14, pp.1137-1147, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-02486-7
Generation of microcellular polymeric foams using supercritical carbon dioxide. II: Cell growth and skin formation, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.5, issue.14, pp.1148-1156, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-02486-7
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.11, pp.36-1437, 1996.
A study on the onset surface melt fracture of polypropylene materials with foaming additives, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.38, issue.6, pp.3571-3577, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1002/app.28482
, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, issue.15, pp.48-7117, 2009.
, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B, vol.49, issue.4, pp.821-832, 2010.
, J.; Koelling, K. W. Ind. Eng
, Chem. Res, vol.42, issue.25, pp.6431-6456, 2003.
Change in the critical nucleation radius and its impact on cell stability during polymeric foaming processes, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.64, issue.23, pp.4899-4907, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ces.2009.07.025
Nanocellular Foams of PS/PMMA Polymer Blends, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol.30, issue.1, pp.78-82, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1002/mame.200700257
Treatment, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol.293, issue.7, pp.589-597, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.mser.2004.12.003
, , pp.5657-5668, 2006.
, , pp.8505-8507, 1997.
, Polym. Eng. Sci, issue.12, pp.38-2055, 1998.
, , pp.2910-2919, 2011.
, , pp.362-364, 1980.
, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol.30, issue.6, pp.2633-2642, 1985.
Sorption and swelling in glassy polymer/carbon dioxide systems, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol.37, issue.2, pp.254-262, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.11.001
Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139878326
Solubilities and diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol.19, issue.2, pp.187-198, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-8446(00)00092-9
Fluid Phase Equil, pp.261-276, 1999. ,
Fundamentals of fracture mechanics, 1973. ,
, Cell. Polym, vol.24, pp.177-196, 2005.
, Cell. Polym, vol.17, pp.1-16, 1998.
, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, pp.512-513, 1992.
Tension-Tension Fatigue of Microcellular Polycarbonate: Initial Results, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol.12, issue.3, p.359, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.760281002
The viscoelastic behavior of microcellular plastics with varying cell size, Polymer Engineering and Science, vol.39, issue.17, pp.1387-1393, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1080/10426918608953169
Preparation, characterization, and mechanical properties of some microcellular polysulfone foams, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.48, issue.7, pp.1692-1701, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1002/app.1993.070480502
, , pp.5928-5939, 2007.
, Cell. Polym, vol.21, pp.315-341, 2002.
Thermal transport in polystyrene and polyurethane foam insulations, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.35, issue.7, pp.1795-1801, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0017-9310(92)90150-Q
, J. Cell. Plast, vol.2, pp.112-125, 2000.
, Cell. Polym, vol.25, pp.277-292, 2006.
Battery Separators, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.10, pp.4419-4462, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1021/cr020738u
, P.; Antonietti M. Reviews in Molecular Biothchnology, vol.90, pp.27-53, 2002.
A Strategy for the Suppression of Cell Coalescence in the Extrusion of Microcellular High-Impact Polystyrene Foams, ACS Symp. Ser, vol.669, pp.115-129, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1021/bk-1997-0669.ch008
Bi-cellular Foam Structure of Polystyrene from Extrusion Foaming Process, Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol.21, issue.6, pp.539-553, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1002/pen.10117
Anin situ study of plasticization of polymers by high-pressure gases, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.36, issue.6, pp.977-982, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980430)36:6<977::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-D
Strategies To Estimate the Pressure Drop Threshold of Nucleation for Polystyrene Foam with Carbon Dioxide, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.48, issue.4, pp.1921-1927, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1021/ie800079x
, Ohshima M. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, vol.18, pp.6153-6161, 2006.