. Les-cathéters-d, ablation et de cartographie sont des cathéters dédiés au système de cartographie 3D. Il s'agit de cathéters quadripolaires 7F Selon la randomisation, on utilisera un cathéter avec une extrémité active 4 mm non irriguée

L. 'énergie-de-radiofréquence, produite par un générateur Cordis Stockert ® est délivrée à partir de l'électrode distale du cathéter d'ablation Navistar ® , sous contrôle de la puissance, de la température et de l'impédance en bout de sonde. En cas d'utilisation d'un cathéter avec irrigation

H. Nakagawa, R. Lazzara, T. Khastgir, K. Beckman, J. Mcclelland et al., Role of the Tricuspid Annulus and the Eustachian Valve/Ridge on Atrial Flutter: Relevance to Catheter Ablation of the Septal Isthmus and a New Technique for Rapid Identification of Ablation Success, Circulation, vol.94, issue.3, pp.407-424, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.3.407

J. Kalman, J. Olgin, L. Saxon, W. Fisher, R. Lee et al., Activation and Entrainment Mapping Defines the Tricuspid Annulus as the Anterior Barrier in Typical Atrial Flutter, Circulation, vol.94, issue.3, pp.398-406, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.3.398

S. Garrigue and J. Clémenty, Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium, Circulation, vol.96, pp.3904-3912, 1997.

N. Saoudi, H. Poty, F. Anselme, M. Nair, A. Abdelazziz et al., Evolution of concepatients and techniques in radiofrequency catheter ablation for the common type of atrial flutter In : Atrial flutter and fibrillation :from basic to clinical applications, pp.269-291, 1998.

P. Kovoor, M. Ricciardello, L. Collins, J. Uther, and D. Ross, Risk to Patients From Radiation Associated With Radiofrequency Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia, Circulation, vol.98, issue.15, pp.1534-1540, 1998.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.98.15.1534

C. Tsai, C. Tai, W. Yu, Y. Chen, M. Hsieh et al., Is 8-mm More Effective Than 4-mm Tip Electrode Catheter for Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter?, Circulation, vol.100, issue.7, pp.768-771, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.100.7.768

J. Clémenty, Prospective randomized comparison of irrigated-tip versus conventional-tip catheters for ablation of common flutter, Circulation, vol.101, pp.772-776, 2000.

B. Fischer, P. Jais, D. Shah, S. Chouairi, M. Haissaguerre et al., Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Common Atrial Flutter in 200 Patients, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.67, issue.12, pp.1225-1233, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00029-4

G. Hindricks and . On, The Multicentre European Radiofrequency Survey (MERFS): Complications of radiofrequency catheter ablation of arrhythmias, European Heart Journal, vol.14, issue.12, pp.1644-1653, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/14.12.1644

A. Laplanche, C. Com-nougué, and R. Flamant, Nombre de sujets nécessaire : comparaison de deux pourcentages, Méthodes statistiques appliquées à la recherche clinique. Médecine-Sciences. Flammarion éditeur, pp.27-29, 1991.

T. Lewis, Observations upon a curious and not uncommon form of extreme acceleration of the auricle: atrial flutter

W. Jolly and R. , Auricular Flutter and Fibrillation, Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, vol.8, issue.1, pp.177-221, 1911.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1542-474X.2003.08114.x

T. Lewis, H. Feil, and W. Stroud, Observation upon flutter and fibrillation, II: the nature of auricular flutter, Heart, vol.7, pp.191-245, 1920.

A. Rosenblueth and J. Garcia-ramos, Studies on flutter and fibrillation, American Heart Journal, vol.33, issue.5, pp.677-684, 1947.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-8703(47)90084-7

J. Wells, W. Mclean, T. James, and A. Waldo, Characterization of atrial flutter. Studies in man after open heart surgery using fixed atrial electrodes, Circulation, vol.60, issue.3, pp.655-673, 1979.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.60.3.665

A. Waldo, W. Maclean, and R. Karp, Entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter with atrial pacing: studies in man following open heart surgery, Circulation, vol.56, issue.5
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.56.5.737

M. Chauvin, C. Brechenmacher, and J. Voegtlin, Application de la cartographie endocavitaire à l

F. Cosio, F. Arribas, J. Barbero, C. Kallmeyer, and A. Goiclea, Validation of double-spike electrograms as markers of slow conduction delay or block in atrial flutter

B. Olshansky, K. Okumura, P. Hess, and A. Waldo, Demonstration of an area of slow conduction in atrial flutter, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.16, issue.7, pp.1639-1648, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90314-F

J. Kalman, J. Olgin, M. Karch, M. Hamdan, R. Lee et al., Cristal tachycardias": origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography

H. Nakagawa, R. Lazzara, T. Khastgir, K. Beckman, J. Mcclelland et al., Role of the Tricuspid Annulus and the Eustachian Valve/Ridge on Atrial Flutter: Relevance to Catheter Ablation of the Septal Isthmus and a New Technique for Rapid Identification of Ablation Success, Circulation, vol.94, issue.3, pp.244-250, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.3.407

J. Kalman, J. Olgin, L. Saxon, W. Fisher, R. Lee et al., Activation and Entrainment Mapping Defines the Tricuspid Annulus as the Anterior Barrier in Typical Atrial Flutter, Circulation, vol.94, issue.3, pp.244-250, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.3.398

J. Olgin, J. Kalman, A. Fitzpatrick, and M. Lesh, Role of Right Atrial Endocardial Structures as Barriers to Conduction During Human Type I Atrial Flutter : Activation and Entrainment Mapping Guided by Intracardiac Echocardiography, Circulation, vol.92, issue.7, pp.1839-1887, 1995.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1839

N. Saoudi, F. Cosío, W. A. Chen, S. Iesaka, Y. Lesh et al., A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases. A Statement from a Joint Expert Group from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, European Heart Journal, vol.22, issue.14, pp.1162-82, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/euhj.2001.2658

C. Blomström-lundqvist, M. Scheinman, E. Aliot, J. Alpert, H. Calkins et al., European Society of Cardiology Committee, NASPE- Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias--executive summary. a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the European society of cardiology committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society

M. Chauvin, Flutter atrial et tachycardies atriales non fluttériennes

L. Biblo, Z. Yuan, K. Quan, J. Mackall, and A. Rimm, Risk of stroke in patients with atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.87, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01374-6

J. Granada, W. Uribe, P. Chyou, K. Maassen, R. Vierkant et al., Incidence and predictors of atrial flutter in the general population, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.36, issue.7
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00982-7

D. Costa, A. Zarqane-sliman, N. Romeyer-bouchard, C. Gonthier, R. Samuel et al., Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Common Atrial Flutter in Elderly Patients:. A Single Center Prospective Study, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.99, issue.8, pp.1729-1763, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200104053441407

H. Vidaillet, J. Granada, P. Chyou, K. Maassen, M. Ortiz et al., A population-based study of mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.113, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01253-6

I. Magnin-poull, D. Chillou, C. Miljoen, H. Andronache, M. Aliot et al., Mechanisms of Right Atrial Tachycardia Occurring Late After Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defects, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.102, issue.7
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01858-2

B. Zrenner, J. Dong, J. Schreieck, G. Ndrepepa, H. Meisner et al., Delineation of Intra-Atrial Reentrant Tachycardia Circuits After Mustard Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries Using Biatrial Electroanatomic Mapping and Entrainment Mapping, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.9, issue.12
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01858-2

H. Nakagawa, N. Shah, K. Matsudaira, E. Overholt, K. Chandrasekaran et al., Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair of congenital heart disease: isolated channels between scars allow "focal" ablation. Circulation, Feb, vol.6, issue.1035, pp.699-709, 2001.

D. Chan, G. Van-hare, J. Mackall, M. Carlson, and A. Waldo, Importance of atrial flutter isthmus in postoperative intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Circulation, pp.1283-1292, 2000.

F. Cosio, F. Arribas, J. Barbero, C. Kallmeyer, and A. Goicolea, Validation of double-spike electrograms as markers of conduction delay or block in atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.61, issue.10
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(88)91065-X

J. B. Schumacherb and . Schmidt, Transverse conduction capabilities of the crista terminalis in patients with atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation

C. Tai, S. Chen, and Y. Chen, Conduction properties of the crista terminalis in patients with typical atrial flutter: basis for a line of block in the reentrant circuit

T. Tsuchiya, K. Okumura, and T. Tabuchi, The upper turnovver site in the reentry circuit of common atrial flutter

F. Arribas, L. Gil, M. Nuriez, A. Cosio, and F. , The Upper Link of Human Common Atrial Flutter Circuit Definition by Multiple Endocardial Recordings during Entrainment, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.92, issue.12, pp.2924-2933, 1997.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1839

D. Shah, P. Jaïs, M. Haïssaguerre, S. Chouairi, A. Takahashi et al., Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium. Circulation, pp.3904-3916, 1997.

J. Cheng, W. Cabeen, and M. Scheinman, Right Atrial Flutter Due to Lower Loop Reentry : Mechanism and Anatomic Substrates, Circulation, vol.99, issue.13, pp.1700-1705, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.99.13.1700

F. Cosio, M. López-gil, A. Goicolea, F. Arribas, and J. Barroso, Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior vena cava-tricuspid valve isthmus in common atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.71, issue.8
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(93)91014-9

M. Lesh, G. Van-hare, L. Epstein, A. Fitzpatrick, M. Scheinman et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Results and mechanisms, Circulation, vol.89, issue.3, pp.1074-89, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.89.3.1074

G. Feld, R. Fleck, P. Chen, K. Boyce, T. Bahnson et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of human type 1

. Flutter, Identification of a critical zone in the reentrant circuit by endocardial mapping techniques, Circulation, vol.86, issue.4, pp.1233-1273, 1992.

A. Arenal, J. Almendral, D. San-román, J. Delcan, and M. Josephson, Frequency and implications of resetting and entrainment with right atrial stimulation in atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.70, issue.15
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90764-P

A. Nunez, F. Arribas, and M. Lopez-gil, A study of mechanism of atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia in adults by mapping and pacing, PACE, vol.18, p.803, 1995.

J. Olgin, J. Kalman, L. Saxon, R. Lee, and M. Lesh, Mechanism of initiation of atrial flutter in humans: site of unidirectional block and direction of rotation

C. Tai, S. Chen, C. Chiang, S. Lee, K. Ueng et al., Characterization of low right atrial isthmus as the slow conduction zone and pharmacological target in typical atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.2601-2612, 1997.

F. Cosío, M. López-gil, F. Arribas, and H. González, Mechanisms of Induction of Typical and Reversed Atrial Flutter, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.70, issue.3
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.93.2.284

B. Cauchemez, M. Haïssaguerre, B. Fischer, O. Thomas, J. Clementy et al., Electrophysiological effects of catheter ablation of inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus isthmus in common atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.284-94, 1996.

M. Spach, W. Miller, P. Dolber, J. Kootsey, J. Sommer et al., The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in 228

M. Spach and M. Josephson, Initiating Reentry:., Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.60, issue.2
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.60.5.780

M. Wijffels, C. Kirchhof, R. Dorland, and M. Allessie, Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation, pp.1954-68, 1995.

D. Costa, A. Romeyer-bouchard, C. Zarqane-sliman, N. Messier, M. Samuel et al., Impact of first line radiofrequency ablation in patients with lone atrial flutter on the long term risk of subsequent atrial fibrillation, Heart, vol.91, issue.1, pp.97-105, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/hrt.2003.033308

M. Haïssaguerre, P. Jaïs, D. Shah, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini et al., Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.339, issue.10
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199809033391003

A. Chugh, R. Latchamsetty, H. Oral, D. Elmouchi, D. Tschopp et al., Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter after left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, Feb, vol.7, issue.1135, pp.609-624, 2006.

J. Chinitz, E. Gerstenfeld, F. Marchlinski, and D. Callans, Atrial fibrillation is common after ablation of isolated atrial flutter during long-term follow-up, Heart Rhythm, vol.4, issue.8
DOI : 10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.04.002

N. Saoudi, M. Nair, A. Abdelazziz, H. Poty, A. Daou et al., Electrocardiographic Patterns and Results of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Clockwise Type I Atrial Flutter, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.88, issue.10
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90794-D

J. Kalman, J. Olgin, L. Saxon, R. Lee, M. Scheinman et al., Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic haracterization of atypical atrial flutter in man: use of activation and entrainment mapping and implications for catheter ablation

D. Shah, P. Jaïs, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini, J. Peng et al., Dual-Loop Intra-Atrial Reentry in Humans, Circulation, vol.101, issue.6, pp.631-640, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.101.6.631

H. Nakagawa, N. Shah, K. Matsudaira, E. Overholt, K. Chandrasekaran et al., Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair of congenital heart disease: isolated channels between scars allow "focal" ablation. Circulation, Feb, vol.6, issue.1035, pp.699-709, 2001.

B. Zrenner, J. Dong, J. Schreieck, G. Ndrepepa, H. Meisner et al., Delineation of Intra-Atrial Reentrant Tachycardia Circuits After Mustard Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries Using Biatrial Electroanatomic Mapping and Entrainment Mapping, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.9, issue.12
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01858-2

S. Zhang, G. Younis, R. Hariharan, J. Ho, Y. Yang et al., Lower loop reentry as a mechanism of clockwise right atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.1630-1635, 2004.

J. Cheng, W. Cabeen, . Jr, and M. Scheinman, Right Atrial Flutter Due to Lower Loop Reentry : Mechanism and Anatomic Substrates, Circulation, vol.99, issue.13, pp.1700-1705, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.99.13.1700

Y. Yang, J. Cheng, A. Bochoeyer, M. Hamdan, R. Kowal et al., Atypical right atrial flutter patterns. Circulation, pp.3092-3100, 2001.

A. Volgman, P. Carberry, B. Stambler, W. Lewis, G. Dunn et al., Conversion efficacy and safety of intravenous ibutilide compared with intravenous procainamide in patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation

N. Kafkas, S. Patsilinakos, G. Mertzanos, K. Papageorgiou, J. Chaveles et al., Conversion efficacy of intravenous ibutilide compared with intravenous amiodarone in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, International Journal of Cardiology, vol.118, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.017

F. Doni, M. Manfredi, C. Piemonti, E. Staffiere, S. Todd et al., New onset atrial flutter termination by overdrive transoesophageal pacing: effects of different protocols of stimulation, Europace, vol.2, issue.4
DOI : 10.1053/eupc.2000.0126

H. Wellens, Contemporary management of atrial flutter. Circulation, Aug, vol.6, issue.1066, pp.649-52, 2002.

S. Singh, R. Zoble, and L. Yellen, Efficacy and Safety of Oral Dofetilide in Converting to and Maintaining Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter : The Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigative Research on Dofetilide (SAFIRE-D) Study, Circulation, vol.102, issue.19, pp.2385-90, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.19.2385

O. Pedersen, . Baggerh, and N. Keller, Efficacy of Dofetilide in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation-Flutter in Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Function, Circulation, vol.104, issue.3, pp.292-298, 2001.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.104.3.292

A. Natale, K. Newby, E. Pisanó, F. Leonelli, R. Fanelli et al., Prospective randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic therapy versus first-line radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial flutter, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.35, issue.7
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00635-5

. Drôme-isère-puy-de-, Dôme Trial of Atrial Flutter Investigators. Results from the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-de-Dôme (LADIP) trial on atrial flutter, a multicentric prospective randomized study comparing amiodarone and radiofrequency ablation after the first episode of symptomatic atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.1676-81, 2006.

M. Dunn, Thrombolism with atrial flutter

D. Costa, A. Mourot, S. Roméyer-bouchard, C. Thévenin, J. Samuel et al., Anatomic and Electrophysiological Differences Between Chronic and Paroxysmal Forms of Common Atrial Flutter and Comparison with Controls:. An Observational Study, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.8, issue.9, pp.1202-1213, 2004.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.93.2.284

K. Seidl, B. Hauer, N. Schwick, D. Zellner, R. Zahn et al., Risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.82, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00419-6

R. Weiss, P. Marcovitz, B. Knight, M. Bahu, J. Souza et al., Acute changes in spontaneous echo contrast and atrial function after cardioversion of persistent atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.82, issue.9
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00555-4

P. Sparks, S. Jayaprakash, J. Vohra, H. Mond, A. Yapanis et al., Left atrial ???stunning??? following radiofrequency catheter ablation of chronic atrial flutter, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.32, issue.2
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00253-8

V. Fuster, L. Rydén, D. Cannom, H. Crijns, A. Curtis et al., European Heart Rhythm Association, American College of Cardiology

A. Esc, Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of CardiologyAmerican Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation, pp.257-354, 2006.

A. Erdogan, S. Grumbrecht, J. Carlsson, H. Roederich, B. Schulte et al., Homogeneity and diameter of linear lesions induced with multipolar ablation catheters: in vitro and in vivo comparison of pulsed versus continuous radiofrequency energy delivery

J. Chan, J. Fung, C. Yu, and G. Feld, Preliminary Results with Percutaneous Transcatheter Microwave Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.16, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.06.062

A. Erdogan, S. Grumbrecht, T. Neumann, J. Neuzner, and H. Pitschner, Microwave, irrigated, pulsed, or conventional radiofrequency energy source: which energy source for which catheter ablation? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, pp.504-510, 2003.

R. Manusama, C. Timmermans, F. Limon, S. Philippens, H. Crijns et al., Catheter-based cryoablation permanently cures patients with common atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.1636-1645, 2004.

N. Collins, M. Barlow, P. Varghese, and J. Leitch, Cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial flutter trial (CRAAFT)

D. Arsonval and M. , Action physique des courants alternatifs

D. Haines and D. Watson, Tissue Heating During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: A Thermodynamic Model and Observations in Isolated Perfused and Superfused Canine Right Ventricular Free Wall, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.962-76, 1989.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.46.3.387

P. Doan, F. Dotto, G. Jean, E. Laurent, and . Aliot, Bard Electrophysiology and University Hospital Nancy. IN vitro comparison of catheter tip and tissue temperature monitoring Communication orale présentée au 12 -ème Congrès mondial d'ablation, 2003.

D. Haines, The Biophysics of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Heart: The Importance of Temperature Monitoring, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.83, issue.3
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.83.5.1562

S. Nath, C. Lynch, J. Whayne, and D. Haines, Cellular electrophysiological effects of hyperthermia on isolated guinea pig papillary muscle. Implications for catheter ablation, Circulation, vol.88, issue.4, pp.1826-1857, 1993.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.88.4.1826

T. Lavergne, L. Prunier, L. Cuize, P. Bruneval, V. Euw et al., Transcatheter Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Tissue Using a Suction Catheter, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.6, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/0002-8703(87)90655-7

M. Haissaguerre, F. Gaita, B. Fischer, P. Egloff, P. Lemetayer et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left lateral accessory pathways via the coronary sinus, Circulation, vol.86, issue.5, pp.1464-1472, 1992.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.86.5.1464

F. Morady, M. Harvey, S. Kalbfleisch, R. Atassi, H. Calkins et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease, Circulation, vol.87, issue.2, pp.363-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.87.2.363

L. Littmann, R. Svenson, J. Gallagher, J. Selle, S. Zimmern et al., Functional role of the epicardium in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia. Observations derived from computerized epicardial activation mapping, entrainment, and epicardial laser photoablation, Circulation, vol.83, issue.5, pp.1577-91, 1991.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.83.5.1577

E. Downar, . Kimber, . Harris, . Mickleborough, . Sevaptsidis et al., Endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in the intact human heart. II. Evidence for multiuse reentry in a functional sheet of surviving myocardium, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.20, issue.4, pp.869-78, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90187-R

R. Hoyt, S. Huang, F. Marcus, and S. Roger, Factors influencing trans-catheter radiofrequency ablation of the myocardium

F. Wittkampf, R. Hauer, R. De-medina, and E. , Control of radiofrequency lesion size by power regulation, Circulation, vol.80, issue.4
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.80.4.962

M. Ring, S. Huang, G. Gorman, and A. Graham, Determinants of Impedance Rise During Catheter Ablation of Bovine Myocardium with Radiofrequency Energy, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.76, issue.9
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.78.2.416

D. Haines and A. Verow, Observations on electrode-tissue interface temperature and effect on electrical impedance during radiofrequency ablation of ventricular myocardium, Circulation, vol.82, issue.3
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.82.3.1034

J. Langberg, H. Calkins, R. El-atassi, M. Borganelli, A. Leon et al., Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways, Circulation, vol.86, issue.5
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.86.5.1469

J. Langberg, M. Gallagher, S. Strickberger, and O. Amirana, Temperature-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation with very large distal electrodes, Circulation, vol.88, issue.1, pp.245-254, 1993.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.88.1.245

D. Haines, D. Watson, and A. Verow, Electrode radius predicts lesion radius during radiofrequency energy heating. Validation of a proposed thermodynamic model, Circulation Research, vol.67, issue.1
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.67.1.124

H. Nakagawa, F. Wittkampf, W. Yamanashi, J. Pitha, S. Imai et al., Inverse relationship between electrode size and lesion size during radiofrequency ablation with active electrode cooling. Circulation, pp.458-65, 1998.

F. Wittkampf, R. Hauer, R. De-medina, and E. , Radiofrequency ablation with a cooled porous electrode catheter

S. Huang, H. Cuenoud, and W. Tan-de-guzman, Increase in lesion size and decrease in impedance rise with a saline infusion electrode catheter for radiofrequency catheter ablation, Circulation, vol.80, p.324, 1989.

H. Nakagawa, W. Yamanashi, J. Pitha, M. Arruda, X. Wang et al., Comparison of In Vivo Tissue Temperature Profile and Lesion Geometry for Radiofrequency Ablation With a Saline-Irrigated Electrode Versus Temperature Control in a Canine Thigh Muscle Preparation, Circulation, vol.91, issue.8, pp.2264-73, 1995.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.91.8.2264

T. Yamane, P. Jaïs, D. Shah, M. Hocini, J. Peng et al., Efficacy and safety of an irrigated-tip catheter for the ablation of accessory pathways resistant to conventional radiofrequency ablation

E. Delacretaz, W. Stevenson, G. Winters, R. Mitchell, S. Stewart et al., Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia with a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Catheter:., Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.94, issue.6
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.1.1

L. Macle, P. Jaïs, R. Weerasooriya, M. Hocini, D. Shah et al., Irrigated-Tip Catheter Ablation of Pulmonary Veins for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.13, issue.11
DOI : 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.01067.x

P. Jaïs, D. Shah, M. Haïssaguerre, M. Hocini, S. Garrigue et al., Prospective Randomized Comparison of Irrigated-Tip Versus Conventional-Tip Catheters for Ablation of Common Flutter, Circulation, vol.101, issue.7, pp.772-778, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.101.7.772

D. Demazumder, M. Mirotznik, and D. Schwartzman, Comparison of irrigated electrode designs for radiofrequency ablation of myocardium

G. Bruce, T. Bunch, M. Milton, A. Sarabanda, S. Johnson et al., Discrepancies Between Catheter Tip and Tissue Temperature in Cooled-Tip Ablation: Relevance to Guiding Left Atrial Ablation, Circulation, vol.112, issue.7, pp.954-60, 2005.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492439

C. Weiss, M. Antz, O. Eick, K. Eshagzaiy, T. Meinertz et al., Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Using Cooled Electrodes: Impact of Irrigation Flow Rate and Catheter Contact Pressure on Lesion Dimensions, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.25, issue.4, pp.463-472, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00463.x

H. Petersen, X. Chen, A. Pietersen, J. Svendsen, and S. Haunso, Temperaturecontrolled radiofrequency ablation of cardiac tissue: an in vitro study of the impact of electrode orientation, electrode tissue contact pressure and external convective cooling

J. Gallagher, R. Svenson, J. Kasell, L. German, G. Bardy et al., Catheter technique for closed-chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system

R. Gonzalez, M. Scheinman, and W. Margaretten, Rubinstein M Closed-chest electrode-catheter technique for His bundle ablation in dogs

M. Scheinman, F. Morady, D. Hess, and R. Gonzalez, Catheter-induced ablation of the atrioventricular junction to control refractory supraventricular arrhythmias

R. Frank, J. Tonet, Y. Gallais, S. Lazraq, R. Fellat et al., Treatment of ventricular tachycardia by endocardial fulguration. Apropos of 86 cases Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, pp.1317-1341, 1993.

N. Saoudi, M. Schleiffer, D. Letac, and B. , DIRECT CATHETER FULGURATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER, The Lancet, vol.330, issue.8558, pp.558-559, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92953-9

M. Chauvin and C. Brechenmacher, A Clinical Study of the Application of Endocardial Fulguration in the Treatment of Recurrent Atrial Flutter, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.219-243, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90840-4

N. Saoudi, G. Atallah, G. Kirkorian, and P. Touboul, Catheter ablation of the atrial myocardium in human type I atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.762-71, 1990.

N. Saoudi, G. Derumeaux, A. Cribier, and B. Letac, The Role of Catheter Ablation Techniques in the Treatment of Classic (Type 1) Atrial Flutter, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.14, issue.11, pp.2022-2029, 1991.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1991.tb02809.x

M. Borggrefe, T. Budde, A. Podczeck, and G. Breithardt, High frequency alternating current ablation of an accessory pathway in humans, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.10, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80200-0

H. Nakagawa, J. Mcclelland, K. Beckman, X. Wang, R. Lazzara et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of common type atrial flutter, PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, vol.16, p.85, 1993.

A. Interian, M. Cox, R. Jimenez, A. Duran, E. Levin et al., A shared pathway in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter: Implications for pathophysiology and therapy, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.71, issue.4
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90794-D

G. Kirkorian, E. Moncada, C. P. Canu, G. Claudel, J. Bellon et al., Radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter. Efficacy of an anatomically guided approach. Circulation, pp.2804-2818, 1994.

F. Cosio, F. Arribas, M. López-gil, and J. Palacios, Atrial Flutter Mapping and Ablation I., Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.70, issue.5, pp.841-53, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.70.1.123

F. Cosio, F. Arribas, M. López-gil, and H. González, Atrial flutter mapping and ablation II. Radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter circuits, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, vol.19, issue.6, pp.965-75, 1996.

R. Watson and M. Josephson, Atrial flutter. I. Electrophysiologic substrates and modes of initiation and termination, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.45, issue.4
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(80)90115-0

H. Poty, N. Saoudi, A. Aziz, A. Nair, M. Letac et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of type 1 atrial flutter. Prediction of late success by electrophysiological criteria. Circulation, pp.1389-92, 1995.

G. Feld, O. Fujimura, U. Green, and F. Mazzola, Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Human Type 1 Atrial Flutter ??? Comparison of Results with 8 mm versus 4 mm Tip Ablation Catheter, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.25, issue.2, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(95)92157-Z

G. Mines, On dynamic equilibrium in the heart, The Journal of Physiology, vol.46, issue.4-5
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1913.sp001596

G. Moe, J. Preston, and H. Burlington, Physiologic Evidence for a Dual A-V Transmission System, Circulation Research, vol.4, issue.4, pp.357-375, 1956.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.4.4.357

W. Quan and R. Y. , Unidirectional block and reentry of cardiac excitation: a model study, Circulation Research, vol.66, issue.2, pp.367-382, 1990.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.66.2.367

M. Spach and M. Josephson, Initiating Reentry:., Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.60, issue.2
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.60.5.780

D. Racker, P. Ursell, and B. Hoffman, Anatomy of the tricuspid annulus. Circumferential myofibers as the structural basis for atrial flutter in a canine model, Circulation, vol.84, issue.2
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.84.2.841

T. James, The connecting pathways between the sinus node and A-V node and between the right and the left atrium in the human heart, American Heart Journal, vol.66, issue.4, pp.498-508, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-8703(63)90382-X

T. James and L. Sherf, Specialized tissues and preferential conduction in the atria of the heart, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.414-441, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(71)90005-1

A. Waldo, K. Vitikainen, G. Kaiser, J. Malm, and B. Hoffman, The P Wave and P-R Interval: Effects of the Site of Origin of Atrial Depolarization, Circulation, vol.42, issue.4, pp.653-71, 1970.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.42.4.653

A. Waldo, H. Bush, H. Gelband, G. Zorn, K. Vitikainen et al., Effects on the Canine P Wave of Discrete Lesions in the Specialized Atrial Tracts, Circulation Research, vol.29, issue.5, pp.452-467, 1971.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.29.5.452

G. Pastelin, R. Mendez, and G. Moe, Participation of atrial specialized conduction pathways in atrial flutter, Circulation Research, vol.42, issue.3
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.42.3.386

M. Haissaguerre, B. Fischer, L. Metayer, P. Egloff, P. Warin et al., Double potentials recorded during sinus rhythm in the triangle of Koch: evidence for functional dissociation from pacing of various right atrial sites

H. Poty, N. Saoudi, M. Nair, F. Anselme, and B. Letac, adiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter. Further insights into the various types of isthmus block: application to ablation during sinus rhythm. Circulation, pp.3204-3217, 1996.

A. Shimizu, A. Nozaki, Y. Rudy, and A. Waldo, Onset of induced atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.17, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90857-6

F. Anselme, D. Klug, P. Scanu, H. Poty, D. Lacroix et al., Randomized comparison of two targets in typical atrial flutter ablation, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.85, issue.11
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)00760-8

F. Cosío, L. Gil, M. Arribas, F. Palacios, J. Goicolea et al., Mechanisms of entrainment of human common flutter studied with multiple endocardial recordings, Circulation, vol.89, issue.5, pp.2117-2142, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.89.5.2117

D. Schwartzman, D. Callans, C. Gottlieb, S. Dillon, C. Movsowitz et al., Conduction block in the inferior vena caval-tricuspid valve isthmus: Association with outcome of radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.28, issue.6
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00345-2

T. Tabuchi, K. Okumura, T. Matsunaga, R. Tsunoda, M. Jougasaki et al., Linear Ablation of the Isthmus Between the Inferior Vena Cava and Tricuspid Annulus for the Treatment of Atrial Flutter : A Study in the Canine Atrial Flutter Model, Circulation, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1312-1321, 1995.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.92.5.1312

L. Frame, R. Page, and B. Hoffman, Atrial reentry around an anatomic barrier with a partially refractory excitable gap. A canine model of atrial flutter, Circulation Research, vol.58, issue.4
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.58.4.495

S. Barold, D. Shah, P. Jaïs, A. Takahashi, M. Haïssaguerre et al., Nomenclature and Characterization of Transisthmus Conduction after Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.94, issue.7
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)81609-3

D. Shah, M. Haïssaguerre, A. Takahashi, P. Jaïs, M. Hocini et al., Differential Pacing for Distinguishing Block From Persistent Conduction Through an Ablation Line, Circulation, vol.102, issue.13, pp.1517-1539, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.13.1517

B. Schumacher, D. Pfeiffer, J. Tebbenjohanns, T. Lewalter, W. Jung et al., Acute and Long-Term Effects of Consecutive Radiofrequency Applications on Conduction Properties of the Subeustachian Isthmus in Type I Atrial Flutter, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.8, issue.2
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.77.5.1003

D. Shah, A. Takahashi, P. Jaïs, M. Hocini, J. Clémenty et al., Local Electrogram-Based Criteria of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Block, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.28, issue.1
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.41.1.9

D. Shah, M. Haïssaguerre, P. Jaïs, B. Fischer, A. Takahashi et al., Simplified electrophysiologically directed catheter ablation of recurrent common atrial flutter. Circulation, pp.2505-2513, 1997.

A. Shimizu, A. Nozaki, Y. Rudy, and A. Waldo, Characterization of double potentials in a functionally determined reentrant circuit. Multiplexing studies during interruption of atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model

F. Anselme, A. Savouré, A. Cribier, and N. Saoudi, Catheter Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter : A Randomized Comparison of 2 Methods for Determining Complete Bidirectional Isthmus Block, Circulation, vol.103, issue.10, pp.1434-1443, 2001.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.103.10.1434

M. Scaglione, R. Riccardi, L. Calò, D. Donna, P. Lamberti et al., Typical Atrial Flutter Ablation: Conduction Across the Posterior Region of the Inferior Vena Cava Orifice May Mimic Unidirectional Isthmus Block, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.96, issue.4
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.96.11.3904

J. Villacastin, J. Almendral, A. Arenal, N. Castellano, S. Gonzalez et al., Usefulness of Unipolar Electrograms to Detect Isthmus Block After Radiofrequency Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter, Circulation, vol.102, issue.25, pp.3080-3085, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.25.3080

D. Costa, A. Romeyer-bouchard, C. Dauphinot, V. Lipp, D. Abdellaoui et al., Cavotricuspid isthmus angiography predicts atrial flutter ablation efficacy in 281 patients randomized between 8 mm- and externally irrigated-tip catheter, European Heart Journal, vol.27, issue.15
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl121

H. Heidbüchel, R. Willems, H. Van-rensburg, J. Adams, H. Ector et al., Right Atrial Angiographic Evaluation of the Posterior Isthmus : Relevance for Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter, Circulation, vol.101, issue.18, pp.2178-84, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.101.18.2178

J. Cabrera, D. Sanchez-quintana, S. Ho, A. Medina, F. Wanguemert et al., Angiographic Anatomy of the Inferior Right Atrial Isthmus in Patients With and Without History of Common Atrial Flutter, Circulation, vol.99, issue.23, pp.3017-3023, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.99.23.3017

J. Cabrera, D. Sanchez-quintana, S. Ho, A. Medina, and R. Anderson, The Architecture of the Atrial Musculature Between the Orifice of the Inferior Caval Vein and the Tricuspid Valve: The Anatomy of the Isthmus, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.96, issue.11
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9149(80)90475-0

D. Costa, A. Jamon, Y. Romeyer-bouchard, C. Thévenin, J. Messier et al., Catheter selection for ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus for treatment of typical atrial flutter, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, vol.24, issue.Part II
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00043.x

M. Rotter, C. Scavée, F. Sacher, P. Sanders, Y. Takahashi et al., Correlation of atrial electrocardiographic amplitude with radiofrequency energy required to ablate cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter. Heart Rhythm, pp.263-272, 2005.

K. Lim, C. Murray, H. Liu, and R. Weerasooriya, Pre-ablation magnetic resonance imaging of the cavotricuspid isthmus, EP Europace, vol.25, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.03.017

L. Rodriguez, A. Nabar, C. Timmermans, and H. Wellens, Comparison of results of an 8-mm split-tip versus a 4-mm tip ablation catheter to perform radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.85, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00618-9

A. Kasai, F. Anselme, W. Teo, A. Cribier, and N. Saoudi, Comparison of effectiveness of an 8-mm versus a 4-mm tip electrode catheter for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.86, issue.9
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01145-0

P. Jaïs, M. Haïssaguerre, D. Shah, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini et al., Successful irrigated-tip catheter ablation of atrial flutter resistant to conventional radiofrequency ablation Circulation, pp.835-843, 1998.

P. Jaïs, D. Shah, M. Haïssaguerre, M. Hocini, S. Garrigue et al., Prospective Randomized Comparison of Irrigated-Tip Versus Conventional-Tip Catheters for Ablation of Common Flutter, Circulation, vol.101, issue.7, pp.772-778, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.101.7.772

C. Scavée, P. Jaïs, L. Hsu, P. Sanders, M. Hocini et al., Prospective randomised comparison of irrigated-tip and large-tip catheter ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter*1, European Heart Journal, vol.25, issue.11
DOI : 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.03.017

D. Costa, A. Cucherat, M. Pichon, N. Messier, M. Laporte et al., Comparison of the Efficacy of Cooled-Tip and 8-mm-Tip Catheters for Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Cavotricuspid Isthmus: A Meta-Analysis, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.9, issue.10
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00345-2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ujm-00439801

U. Meyerfeldt, H. Schuett, and S. Christow, Prospective comparaison between 4-mm-tip, 8-mm-tip and cooled-tip catheters for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter

C. Scavée, F. Georger, J. Jamart, I. Mancini, B. Collet et al., Is a cooled tip catheter the solution for the ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, pp.328-359, 2003.

J. Schreieck, B. Zrenner, J. Kumpmann, G. Ndrepepa, M. Schneider et al., Prospective randomized comparison of closed cooledtip versus 8-mm-tip catheters for radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter

A. Cuesta, N. Alvarenga, and L. Mont, 2686 Prospective randomized comparison of open irrigated-tip versus 8-mm tip for the ablation of common atrial flutter, European Heart Journal, vol.24, issue.5, p.496, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)95468-6

D. Costa, A. Faure, E. Thévenin, J. Messier, M. Bernard et al., Effect of isthmus anatomy and ablation catheter on radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. Circulation, pp.1030-1035, 2004.

R. Ventura, H. Klemm, B. Lutomsky, C. Demir, T. Rostock et al., Pattern of Isthmus Conduction Recovery Using Open Cooled and Solid Large-Tip Catheters for Radiofrequency Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.102, issue.10
DOI : 10.1023/A:1013224110550

F. Sacher, O. Neill, M. Jais, P. Huffer, L. Laborderie et al., Prospective Randomized Comparison of 8-mm Gold-Tip, Externally Irrigated-Tip and 8-mm Platinum-Iridium Tip Catheters for Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, vol.98, issue.7
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.98.9.835

J. Morgan, G. Haywood, A. Schirdewan, P. Brugada, P. Geelen et al., Double" potentials define linear lesion conduction block using a novel mapping

G. Laurent, D. Chillou, C. Bertaux, G. Poull, I. Martel et al., Simple and efficient identification of conduction gaps in post-ablation recurring atrial flutters, EP Europace, vol.110, issue.1, pp.7-15, 2006.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000139845.40818.75

J. Chen, C. De-chillou, O. Ohm, P. Hoff, O. Rossvoll et al., Acute resumption of conduction in the cavotricuspid isthmus after catheter ablation in patients with common atrial flutter. Real-time evaluation and long-term follow-up, Europace, vol.4, issue.3
DOI : 10.1053/eupc.2002.0243

H. Kottkamp, B. Hügl, B. Krauss, U. Wetzel, A. Fleck et al., Electromagnetic Versus Fluoroscopic Mapping of the Inferior Isthmus for Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter : A Prospective Randomized Study, Circulation, vol.102, issue.17, pp.2082-2088, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.17.2082

D. Shah, M. Haïssaguerre, P. Jaïs, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini et al., Highdensity mapping of activation through an incomplete isthmus ablation line. Circulation, pp.211-216, 1999.

L. Gepstein, G. Hayam, and S. Ben-haim, A Novel Method for Nonfluoroscopic Catheter-Based Electroanatomical Mapping of the Heart : In Vitro and In Vivo Accuracy Results, vitro and in vivo accuracy results, pp.1611-1622, 1997.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.95.6.1611

D. Shah, P. Jaïs, M. Haïssaguerre, S. Chouairi, A. Takahashi et al., Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium. Circulation, pp.3904-3916, 1997.

D. Chan, G. Van-hare, J. Mackall, M. Karlson, and A. Waldo, Importance of atrial flutter isthmus in postoperative intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Circulation, Sept, vol.12, issue.10211, pp.1283-1292, 2000.

J. Steinberg, S. Prasher, S. Zelenkofske, and F. Ehlert, Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter: Procedural success and long-term outcome, American Heart Journal, vol.130, issue.1, pp.85-92, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90240-6

C. Weiss, J. Becker, M. Hoffmann, and S. Willems, Can Radiofrequency Current Isthmus Ablation Damage the Right Coronary Artery? Histopathological Findings Following the Use of a Long (8 mm) Tip Electrode, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol.25, issue.5, pp.860-862, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00860.x

N. Raio, T. Cohen, R. Daggubati, and K. Marzo, Acute right coronary artery occlusion following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter, Ital Heart J, vol.5, issue.5, pp.403-410, 2004.

B. Sassone, O. Leone, G. Martinelli, D. Pasquale, and G. , Acute myocardial infarction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter: histopathological findings and etiopathogenetic hypothesis

G. Feld, M. Wharton, V. Plumb, E. Daoud, T. Friehling et al., Radiofrequency catheter ablation of type 1 atrial flutter using large-tip 8- or 10-mm electrode catheters and a high-output radiofrequency energy generator, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.43, issue.8, pp.1466-72, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.036