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Hydrogenase (EC 1.18.99.1); 3: NADH-ferredoxin-oxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.3) or NADPH-ferredoxinoxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.2); 4: Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), Butanol dehydrogenase, vol.2, p.Phosphotransacetylase, 2017. ,
, acides et des gaz (butanol, éthanol, acétone, acide acétique, acide butyrique, hydrogène) qui
Actuellement, la production de biocarburants (éthanol) à partir de la biomasse lignocellulosique a besoin d'une ou deux étapes de prétraitement pour déconstruire le réseaux de la matrice lignocellulosique, Bensah and Mensah, 2011. ,
Ensuite, la lignine est séparée par un traitement chimique, normalement à l'aide de l'hydroxyde de sodium et du sulfure de sodium, 2004. ,
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Néanmoins, ce procédé nécessite des équipements construits avec des matériaux compatibles avec les acides forts et n'est plus trop utilisé actuellement. de pyrolyse (lente, traditionnelle, rapide). Des études précédentes ont montré qu'il était possible de dépolymériser la cellulose par pyrolyse à hautes températures, p.1, 2009. ,
, C'est la raison pour laquelle la pyrolyse rapide est la, p.242, 2002.
technique la plus appropriée pour ce travail. Par ailleurs, cette méthode permet d'obtenir des cello-oligosaccharides solubles (45%, 2000. ,
, certains composés inhibiteurs du métabolisme des microorganismes sont produits. Ces inhibiteurs peuvent être classés en trois groupes : les acides faibles, les dérivés du furane et les composés phénoliques, 2000.
, L'utilisation de l'eau sous-critique et supercritique a été également étudiée pour la production des monomères à partir de la cellulose avec des rendements inférieures aux technologies précédents mais à faible prix et facilité d'utilisation, 2008.
, , 2013.
, , 2015.
, Le métabolisme de ces microorganismes est très sélectif et peut produire une vaste gamme de produits chimiques valorisables dans plusieurs secteurs. Dans la nature, un faible pourcentage de microorganismes peut dégrader la cellulose directement, procédé se fait à l'aide de microorganismes du règne des bactéries et des mycètes unicellulaires tels que les levures, 2000.
grâce à des cellulases, mais la lenteur de ce métabolisme est un facteur critique qui affecte sa rentabilité au niveau des bioprocédés, 2001. ,