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K. ;. Zur, . Lm-elden, P. J. Clé, and . Huillier, Abstract Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are prone to develop heart failure (HF). However, the deleterious effects of MetS on the continuum of events leading to cardiac remodeling and subsequently to HF are not fully understood. This study characterized simultaneously MetS and cardiac, vascular and renal phenotypes in aging Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure lean (SHHF +/? regrouping +/+ and +/cp rats) and obese (SHHF cp/cp , ''cp'' defective mutant allele of the leptin receptor gene) rats. We aimed to refine the milestones and their onset during the progression from MetS to HF in this experimental model. We found that SHHF cp/cp but not SHHF +/? rats developed dyslipidemia, as early as 1.5 months of age. This early alteration in the lipidic profile was detectable concomitantly to impaired renal function (polyuria, proteinuria but no glycosuria) and reduced carotid distensibility as compared to SHHF +/? rats. By 3 months of age SHHF cp/cp animals developed severe obesity associated with dislipidemia and hypertension defining the onset of MetS. From 6 months of age, SHHF +/? rats developed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) while SHHF cp/cp rats developed eccentric LVH apparent from progressive dilation of the LV dimensions. By 14 months of age only SHHF cp/cp rats showed significantly higher central systolic blood pressure and a reduced ejection fraction resulting in systolic dysfunction as compared to SHHF +/? .I n summary, the metabolic and hemodynamic mechanisms participating in the faster decline of cardiac functions in SHHF cp, Simultaneous Characterization of Metabolic, Cardiac, Vascular and Renal Phenotypes of Lean and Obese SHHF Rats, vol.6, pp.6-1433, 2006.

G. , O. A. , L. Huillier, C. Labat, C. Fay et al., Simultaneous Characterization of Metabolic, Cardiac, Vascular and Renal Phenotypeso f Lean and Obese SHHF Rats, PLoS ONE, vol.9, issue.5, p.96452, 2014.

I. Editor:-mihai-covasa and F. Received, , 2013.

. Youcef, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited, 2014.

, Région Lorraine, the « Comité Lorrain » of the « Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale » and FP7-HEALTH-2010 # 261409 MEDIA program for their financial supports to carry this project. G. Youcef is supported by a salary fellowship from AFR PhD grants, Luxembourg. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript

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