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, Identifying targets of fungal effectors in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis Laccaria bicolor-Populus trichocarpa

, We showed that MiSSP7 interact with the jasmonic acid (JA) co-receptors JAZ5 and JAZ6 of P. trichocarpa, blocking JA signaling and promoting mutualism. L. bicolor transformants with severely reduced expression of MiSSP7 did not enter into symbiosis with poplar roots, a phenotype that could be complemented by transgenically varying the transcription of PtJAZ6 or through inhibiting JA signalling. Additional Y2H assays showed that PtJAZ6 protein form a regulatory complex involving 14-3-3 protein(s) and MYC transcriptional factors. Two others L. bicolor effectorlike proteins, MiSSP8 and MiSSP17, are secreted and are essential for the symbiosis development. MiSSP8 showed parietal and plasmalemma localization, while MiSSP17 was mainly cytoplasmic. Y2H assays suggested that these MiSSPs interact with plant proteins involved in plant defence signalling pathways. During symbiosis development, L. bicolor experiences important genetic reprogramming required for root colonization. Transcription factors (TFs) are key players of these genetic changes. Here, we developed high throughput analysis of TFs in L. bicolor to obtain a comprehensive inventory of significantly regulated transcription factors in ECM and showed that some of them display similarities with TFs involved in cell wall integrity, carbon, nitrogen, iron and sulfur metabolism, Roots of most trees form symbiosis with mutualistic soil-borne fungi. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton relies on mycorrhizal-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSP) to establish symbiotic tissues in the host-plant

K. Words, Analyse fonctionnelle d'effecteurs fongiques impliqués dans le développement de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne Laccaria bicolor-Populus trichocarpa

, Cette interaction protéine-protéine entraine un blocage de la voie de signalisation de l'AJ et favorise le développement symbiotique. Des transformants de L. bicolor, dont l'expression de MiSSP7 est fortement réduite, ne sont plus capables de mycorhizer les racines du peuplier. Néanmoins, ce phénotype peut être complémenté en faisant varier de façon transgénique la transcription de PtJAZ6 ou par inhibition de la voie de signalisation de l'AJ. A l'aide du système Y2H, nous avons également mis en évidence que la protéine PtJAZ6 est capable d'interagir avec une protéine de type 14-3-3 et un facteur de transcription de type MYC, formant probablement un complexe de régulation. Deux autres protéines effectrices de L. bicolor, MiSSP8 et MiSSP17, sont sécrétées et essentielles au développement symbiotique. MiSSP8 présente alors une localisation pariétale et plasmalemmique, tandis que MiSSP17 est cytoplasmique. Les résultats des analyses Y2H suggèrent que MiSSP8 et MiSSP17 pourraient être impliquées dans le contournement des réactions de défense de la plantehôte. Par ailleurs, au cours du développement symbiotique, le champignon est le siège d'une reprogrammation génétique importante nécessaire à la colonisation des racines, au contournement des réactions de défense de la plante et à l'établissement d'échanges mutualistes. Les facteurs de transcription (TFs) sont les principaux acteurs de ces changements génétiques. Nous avons donc étudié les TFs de L. bicolor afin d'obtenir un inventaire complet des TFs régulés par la mycorhization. Certains d'entre eux présentent des similitudes avec des TFs impliqués dans le maintien de l'intégrité des parois cellulaires et la régulation du métabolisme du carbone, Les racines de la plupart des arbres forment des symbioses ectomycorhiziennes avec les champignons mutualistes du sol. Le basidiomycète Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton secrète en contexte d'interaction des petites protéines effectrices (MiSSP) afin de faciliter la colonisation de la racine et établir les structures symbiotiques. Toutefois, les protéines de l'hôte ciblées par les MiSSPs de L. bicolor ne sont pas encore identifiées

, Ces dernières pourraient constituer une nouvelle classe d'effecteurs favorisant le développement symbiotique ou le contrôle des microorganismes de la rhizosphère

, Mots clés: Effecteurr MiSSP, développement ectomycorhizien, défenses de la plante, échange mutualiste de nutriment, facteur de transcription