?. Introduction and . ?. ?????????, , vol.1

?. ?. , 3 2.2 Diffusional transformations ???????????????.?. 5 2.2.1 Spinodal Decomposition ??????

, Crystal Structure ??????????????????????, issue.7

, Defects ??????????????????????????????. 9 3.1 Point Defects

, Dislocation Structure ????????????????????, vol.12

, Coating Deposition ???????????????????????, vol.15

, Cathodic Arc Deposition ??????????????????? 15 4.2 DC Magnetron Sputtering

M. Cutting and ?. , 23 5.1 Wear Mechanism ..??????????????????????. 23 5.2 Effect of Microstructure and Chemical Interaction, ?????, vol.25

, 29 6.1 XRD ?????????????????????????????.. 29 6.1.1 Residual Stress ????????????????????. 29 6.1.2 Reciprocal Space Maps ..???????????????.. 30 6.1.3 Pole Figures ??????????????????????, Characterization Techniques ??????????????????, p.30

. .. ???????????????????????, , p.31

, GPA Analysis ????????????????????????? 31

. Apt-?????????????????????????????, , p.33

, Nanoindentation ???????????????????????, vol.34

, Thermal Analysis ????????????????????..??, vol.35

, Ion Beam Analysis .????????????????????..?, vol.35

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