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. Résumé,

, Ces méthodes permettent de mettre en évidence les modifications du métabolisme et de la structure des tissus biologiques. Dans cette thèse, les mesures optiques sont réalisées sur les tissus cutanés à l'aide d'un instrument intégrant deux modalités, La détection de tissus biologiques pré-cancéreux au cours d'un diagnostic clinique est rendue possible grâce au développement de méthodes spectroscopiques optiques, appelées également biopsie optique

, La première contribution de la thèse est de proposer une méthode d'inversion qui intègre une simulation Monte Carlo rapide et une fonction coût gérant les deux modalités spectrales dans le but d'améliorer la précision de l'estimation des propriétés optiques, quelle que soit la géométrie de la sonde. La deuxième contribution de la thèse est d'étudier la cinétique des fluorophores présents dans les tissus par une approche de séparation de sources, qui ne nécessite pas le recours à une simulation Monte Carlo. Dans cette approche, une collection de spectres acquis au cours du temps est analysée conjointement, avec peu d'hypothèses a priori de la forme des signaux sources. La sensibilité de cette approche est validée par l'emploi d'agents de clarification optique qui augmentent la transparence des tissus en diminuant la diffusion, L'exploitation des spectres consiste à résoudre un problème inverse non-linéaire pour estimer les propriétés optiques du milieu sondé à l'aide d'un modèle d'interaction lumière-tissu. À partir de ces propriétés optiques, la caractérisation de l'état du tissu

. Mots-clés, Réflectance diffuse résolue spatialement, spectres d'autofluorescence, Simulation Monte Carlo, Problème inverse, Fonction coût, Algorithme d'optimisation, Bimodalité spectroscopique, Propriétés optiques de la peau